独立主格结构(1)

nullIndependent Genitive 独立主格结构Independent Genitive 独立主格结构梁园 陈小江 许琳琳 陈岑 独立主格结构独立主格结构定义 构成 特点 功能 4123习题 5What is independent genitive?What is independent genitive?This done, we went home.定义定义独立主格结构首先它是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 关系。独立主格的构成：独立主格的构成： Here / there being + 名词名词+现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、名词With ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语构成的独立主格结构1.名词(代词)+现在分词1.名词(代词)+现在分词名词(或代词)与现在分词短语之间为主动关系。 It being Sunday, they had no classes. 此句可改写为：As it was Sunday, they had no classes.2. 名词(或代词)+过去分词2. 名词(或代词)+过去分词名词(或代词)与过去分词之间为被动关系。 Her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping. 此句可改写为：As her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping. 3. 名词(或代词)+动词不定式3. 名词(或代词)+动词不定式名词(或代词)与动词不定式之间为主动关系，动词不定式表示将来. The students were divided into three groups, each to finish one third of the work. 此句可改写为：The students were divided into three groups, and each (group) would finish one third of the work. 4. 名词(或代词)+形容词4. 名词(或代词)+形容词 The baby began to cry again, his face very pale and his lips colorless. 此句可改写为：The baby began to cry again with his face very pale and his lips colorless. 5. 名词(或代词)+介词短语5. 名词(或代词)+介词短语 He was lying on the lawn, his hands under his head. 此句可改写为：He was lying on the lawn with his hands under his head. 6. 名词(或代词)+副词6. 名词(或代词)+副词 The meeting over, they went home at once. 此句可改写为：After the meeting was over, they went home at once. 7. 名词(或代词)+名词7. 名词(或代词)+名词 Mr. Johnson the headmaster, we will have a hard time. = As Mr. Johnson is the headmaster, we will have a hard time.8. Here (或there)+现在分词短语8. Here (或there)+现在分词短语 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 此句可改写为：As there was no bus, we had to walk home.9. 介词with ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语9. 介词with ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语 With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. 独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构的功能 时间 条件 原因 方式 伴随相当于状语从句一、作时间状语一、作时间状语The meeting being over, all of us went home.=When the meeting was over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了 二、作原因状语二、作原因状语There being no taxis, we had to walk.=Since there was no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 三、作条件状语三、作条件状语The condition being favorable, he may succeed.= If the condition is favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 四、作伴随状语四、作伴随状语Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. (=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.) 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。 五、表示补充说明五、表示补充说明· We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. = we redoubled our efforts, and then each man works like two. · 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 注意：独立主格结构表示时间，条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可以放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 六、相当于同位语六、相当于同位语 Many people, my sister included, won’t forgive him for that.习题习题I send you 100 dollars，the rest_____in a year。 A. follow          B. followed           C. to follow        D. being followednullThe country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched  C. being launched D. to be launched Thank You!Thank You!