被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.被动语态的特殊结构形式带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型Itissaidthat据说;Itisreportedthat据报道;Itisbelievedthat••大家相信，Itiswellknownthat众所周知,Itissuggestedthat据建议。Itishopedthat大家希望，Itisthoughtthat大家认为,例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如break，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked.（指不会有人来锁门，指门没有锁”是人的原因）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何印出来的呢？系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。在need,want,require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairin（toberepaired.这房子需要修理。形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.（=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead）动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.（todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。）试比较：I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyohuavealettertobeposted?（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。）被动语态专项练习选择题1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.givesAlotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedoneThedoctorforyet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent--When___thiskindofcomputer?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;usedWhothisbook?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;writtenMaryshowmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.askstoAstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldusThemonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistenedInsomepartoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedItwasreportedthatthemurdererarrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.hadDoyouthinkthatthebridgeinayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompletedGreatchangesinChinasincethePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedatDoctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneedIpromisethatmatterwill.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareofNopermissionhasforanybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begivenI___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgivenCansuchathinghappeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromAnewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingThisbikelastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenboughtDidyouseethehousethatbyfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyedItwhethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.isn'tdecidingC.doesn'tdecideD.hasn'tdecidedThepenme.Itishers.A.isn'tbelongtoB.wasn'tbelongtoC.doesn'tbelongtoD.didn'tbelongtoIcan'tusemybikebecauseit.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshetospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself.A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear.Chadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itforweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiuminBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted—Howlongatthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakewasdestroyingthemTheydestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakedestroyedthemThisisTed'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.Hetryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskillingfromRainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappeartheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.C.willhavechangedD.willchangeHundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.A.loseBwillbelostC.arelostD.willloseAnewcinemahere.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt1234567891011121314151617181920BDACCBBBBBBDBABBBADC2122232425262728293031323334353637383940BABCBCDACBADDBACCABD