被动语态 (5)

被动语态ThePassiveVoice1.被动语态定义主动语态 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示主语是动作的发出者。Iateanapple.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Anapplewaseatenbyme.2.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词“构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：(1).Itwasinventedin1876.(2)Theyareusedforlisteningtomusic.Grammar:Thepassivevoice(被动语态）3.被动语态的用法a,当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者.Thewindowwasbrokenlastnight.b,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者.EnglishisspokeninCanada.c,或者只须强调动作的承受者时.Thethiefwascaughtatlast.Thepassivevoice.被动语态主动语态变被动语态的结构图:Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.主语谓语动词过去时宾语时间状语主语谓语动词的过去分词宾语时间状语Thepassivevoice.被动语态主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.2.把动词改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”.注意be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化,时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.3.原来主动语态句中的主语,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现.如果没有必要就可以省略.其他的成分(定语,状语)不变,句式也不能变.Myroomiscleaned(byme)everyday.房间每天被（我）打扫。1.一般现在时：Icleanmyroomeveryday.我每天打扫房间。主语+am/is/are+过去分词PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.Englishisspoken﹙bypeople﹚inAustralia.Ireadbookseveryday.Booksarereadbymeeveryday.Shewashedherclothesyesterday.她昨天洗了她的衣服。2.一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词Herclotheswerewashed(byher)yesterday.她的衣服昨天被(她)洗了。Mr.Henryheardastrangenoiselastnight.Astrangenoisewasheardlastnight(byMr.Henry).Aloudnoisewokeusuplastnight.Wewerewokenupbyaloudnoiselastnight.3.情态动词的被动语态：Youcanpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.如果你努力学习，你就能通过考试。Theexamcanbepassed(byyou)ifyoustudyhard.如果你努力学习，考试就能被（你）通过。主语+情态动词+be+过去分词Peoplemaycatchfishintheriver.Fishmaybecaughtintheriver(bypeople).Wecan’tseethesunatnight.Thesuncan’tbeseenatnightbyus.4.一般将来时：主语+willbe+过去分词.Wewillholdapartytomorrow.我们明天将举行一个聚会。Apartywillbeheldtomorrow(byus).一个聚会明天将被（我们）举行。Mymotherwillmeetmeattheschoolgateafterclass.Iwillbemetattheschoolgateafterclass(bymymother).5.过去将来时：Wewouldhaveapartytomorrow.我们明天将举行一个聚会。Apartywouldbehadtomorrow(byus).一个聚会明天将被（我们）举行。主语+would/shouldbe+过去分词Myfatherwouldwaitformeattheschoolgateafterclass.Iwouldbewaitedforattheschoolgateafterclass(bymyfather).Theyarebuildingtheplaygroundnow.他们正在建操场。主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词6.现在进行时:Theplaygroundisbeingbuiltnow(bythem).操场正被(他们)修建。Thestudentsareplantingmanytrees.ManyTreesarebeingplanted(bythestudents).Iwasdoingmyhomeworkinthereadingroom.我正在做作业.主语+was/were+being+过去分词6.过去进行时:Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)inthereading.Thestudentswereflyingkites.Kiteswerebeingflown(bythestudents).7.现在完成时：主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词.Hehaseverreadthebookthreetimes.他曾读过这本书三遍。Thebookhaseverbeenreadthreetimes(byhim).这本书曾被（他）读过三遍。Theyhavekeptthepicturesfor2weeks.Thepictureshavebeenkeptfor2weeks(bythem).8.过去完成时：主语+hadbeen+过去分词Ihadreadthisbooktwice.我已经看过这本书两次了.Thisbookhadbeenread(byme)twice.Theyhadkeptthepicturesfor2weeks.Thepictureshadbeenkeptfor2weeks(bythem).1.Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.2.Theywillfinishthebooknextmonth.Thebookwillbefinishedbythem﹚nextmonth.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought﹙byus﹚.hasbeenboughtwillbefinished﹙3.Thegirlsaresingingasongnow.Asongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.4.Peopleplanttreeseveryyear.Treesareplantedbythepeopleeveryyear.isbeingsungareplantedPractice:5.Imustfinishmyhomeworkontime.Myhomeworkmustbefinished(byme)ontime.6.LastweekJackmadeamodelplane.AmodelcarwasmadebyJacklastweek.mustbefinishedwasmade一般现在时；一般过去时：情态动词:现在进行时:过去进行时:一般将来时:过去将来时:现在完成时:过去完成时:am／is／are+vt.p.phad+been+vt.p.p.have／has+been+vt.p.p.wouldbe／was/weregoingtobe+vt.p.p.willbe／begoingtobe+vt.p.p.be(was、were)+being+vt.p.p.was/were+being+vt.p.p.aux.v.(must／can／could／may…+be+vt.p.p.)be(am、is、are)+being+vt.p.p.变被动语态的特殊情况一、双宾语buy/makesbsth=buy/makesthforsbgivesbsth=givesthtosb1.Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.Iwasboughtacomputerbymyfather.2.Hegivesmeabook.Abookisgiventomebyhim.IamgivenabookbyhimSth+be+过去分词+for/tosb+bysb.Sb+be+过去分词sth+bysb注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.二、无to不定式,还原to一感二听三让四看feellistento.hearlet.have.makewatch.see.lookat.noticeeg.Weoftenseehimplaybasketball.Heisoftenseentoplaybasketballbyus.Thebossmadethechildrenworkforlong.Thechildrenweremadetoworkforlongbytheboss.三、注意动词短语的常考到的动词短语有完整性,介词，副词不能省。takecareoflookafterlistentospeaktoeg.1.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.2.Thenursetakesgoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythenurse.Atrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,dissapear,…四、不用被动语态的动词：有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)11.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说……Itissaidthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.English2.Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.IAnewbike3.Thebossmadehimdotheheavywork.Heisspokenbymanypeople.wasboughtanewbikeyesterday.wasboughtyesterday.wasmadetheheavywork.formetodo6.Threequartersoftheworld’sbooks____________(write)inEnglish.7.Thiskindofsweater__________(sell)well.8._________Lesson50___________(teach)nextweek?arewrittensellsWillbetaught1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(use)inthesupermarketseveryday.2.Musttheoldpeople___________(speak)topolitely?3.Hergrandmawasstillalivewhenhe_________(take)tothehospital.4.English__________(speak)inmanycounties.areusedbespokenwastakenisspoken河南历年中考题被动语态回顾集锦()1，Lookatthesignontheright.　(2008年)Oh,parking__________here.A,doesn’tallowB,isn’tallowedC,didn’tallowD,wasn’tallowed()2,UsuallyJohn______toschoolinhisfather’sbeautifulcar.(2009年）A，hastakenB,istakingC,istakenD,hasbeentaken(）3，I‘vejustreturned.I_____toZhengzhouforameetinglastmonth..(2010年)A,amsentB,waswentC,amsendingD,wassendingCBD()4,.Softdrinks_______tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsonChildren’sDay.(2011年)     A.offer                        B.haveoffered     C.areoffered               D.willbeoffered()5,HaveyouheardofEarthDay?Yes,thefirstEarthDay_______in1970toeducateustoprotectourplanet.A,celebratesB,celebratedC,iscelebratedD,wascelebratedDC()1.Thestory______inChina.A.wastakenplaceB.washappenedC.tookplaceD.hasbeentakenplace()2.Thehouse_____myparentsA.isbelongtoB.belongtoC.belongstoD.isbelongedto()3.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuilding________.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupD.weretakenplace,weresetupBcc常用的被动语态短语bemadeoffromintobeusedtodofordoingas由--制成的看出原材料看不出原材料原材料制成成品befilledwithbecoveredwitheg.1.Paperismadewood.from2.Tablesaremadewood.3.Woodismadepaperandtables.ofinto被用来--被用作用--充满被--覆盖