最新英语六级复习资料(完整版)

PAGEPAGE1英语六级复习 资料 新概念英语资料下载李居明饿命改运学pdf成本会计期末资料社会工作导论资料工程结算所需资料清单 （完整版）英语六级复习专题一完形填空-固定搭配accountfor说明…的原因，是…的原因accuse…of…控告；谴责allowfor考虑到，顾及，为…留出预地appealto诉诸，诉请裁决(或证实等)bringabout导致，引起calloff取消carefor照顾，照料；喜欢checkin(在旅馆、机场等)登记，报到checkout结帐后离开，办妥手续离去comeupwith提出，提供，想出counton／upon依靠，指望countup共计，算出…的总数drawup起草，拟订；(使)停住fallbackon借助于，依靠getat够得着，触及；意思是，意指；查明，发现；指责goinfor从事，参加；爱好hangonto紧紧抓住；保留(某物)turnout制造，生产；结果是；驱逐；关掉，旋熄takeover接受，接管；借用，承袭takein接受，吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗；包括stickout(把…)坚持到底；突出，显眼stickto坚持，忠于，信守；紧跟，紧随；粘贴在…上setout陈述，阐明；动身，起程；开始；摆放setforth阐明，陈述setabout开始，着手putinfor正式申请referto…as…把…称作，把…当作payoff还清(债)；付清工资解雇(某人)；向…行贿；得到好结果，取得成功makeupfor补偿，弥补lookover把…看一遍，把…过目；察看，参观lookthrough详尽核查；(从头至尾)浏览liveon靠…生活，以…为食物liein(问题、事情等)在于liein(问题、事情等)在于letgo(of)放开，松手holdout维持，保持；坚持(要求)，不屈服holdback踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制；隐瞒，保守(秘密等)haveanadvantageover胜过.havetheadvantageof由于…处于有利条件havetheadvantageofsb。知道某人所不知道的事takeadvantageof(=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness)利用。attribute…to…(=tobelievesth.tobetheresultof…)把。.归因于..,认为。.是。.的结果beginwith以…开始.tobeginwith(=firstofall)首先，第一(经常用于开始语)onbehalfof(=astherepresentativeof)以…名义believein(=havefaithortrustin;considersth.sb.tobetrue)相信，依赖，信仰。getthebetterof(=defeatsb。)打败，胜过。bybirth在出生上，论出身，按血统atbirth在出生时;givebirthto出生、blamesb.forsth.因…责备某人.blamesth.onsb.把…推在某人身上inblossom开花(指树木)beinblossom开花(强调状态)comeintoblossom开花(强调动作)takethefloor起立发言becapableof能够，有能力becapableofbeing+过去分词是能够被…的compare…with…把…与…比较compare…to…把…比作…complainof(orabout)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事情;complaintosb.aboutsth.(orsb。)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)delightin(=takegreatpleasureindoingsth。)喜欢，取乐take(a)delightin喜欢干…,以…为乐demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求(物质的)东西deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物deviatefrom偏离，不按…办onadiet吃某种特殊饮食，节食differfrom…in与…的区别在于…disposeof(=getridof,throwaway)处理掉beyonddispute不容争议的，无可争议indispute在争议中(be)distinctfrom(=bedifferentfrom)与…截然不同distinguishbetween(=makeorrecognizedifferences)辨别distinguish…from把…与…区别开doawaywith(=getridof;abolish;discardeliminate)除去，废除，取消;doawaywith(=kill)杀掉，镇压comeoffduty下班atlarge(=atliberty,free)在逃，逍遥法外atlarge(=ingeneral)一般来说，大体上atlarge(=atfulllength;withdetails)详细地accuse…of…(=charge…with;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控，控告allowfor(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考虑到，估计到。amountto(=tobeequalto)总计，等于。answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)对…负责。abideby(=befaithfulto;obey)忠于;遵守complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc。)遵守，依从applytosb.forsth.为…向…申请;applyfor申请;applyto适用。applyto与…有关;适用arisefrom(=becausedby)由…引起。arriveon到达;arriveat到达某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrivein到达某地(大地方);beashamedof(=feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以…为羞耻assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth。)向…保证，使…确信。attach(to)(=tofix,fasten;join)缚，系,结attendto(=giveone’sattention,careandthought)注意，照顾;attendon(upon)(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)侍候，照料inaccordancewith(=inagreementwith)依照，根据onone’sownaccount1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2)(=atone’sownrisk)自行负责3)(=byoneself)依靠自己onaccount赊账;onaccountof因为;onnoaccount不论什么原因也不;of…account有…。.重要性。take…intoaccount(=consider)把.。.考虑进去accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解释，说明。onaccountof(=becauseof)由于，因为。beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)习惯于。beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially)熟悉acton奉行，按照…行动;actas扮演;actfor代理adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己适应于adapt…(for)(=makesth.Suitableforanewneed)改编，改写(以适应新的需要)inaddition(=besides)此外，又，加之inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除…外adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;坚持，遵循adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗邻的，临近的adjust。.(to)(=changeslightly)调节;适应;英语六级复习专题二翻译-语法精要Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)时态1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):将来某时会业已发生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.宾补结构的被动语态:ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短语动词Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep(有被动语态)She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.错误的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.一致如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.代词作主语时的一致each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyou?some,few,both,many等作复数some可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念,但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:NoneofthebooksareeasyenoughforusNoneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.all和most可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(allofthe…,mostofthe…),动词用单数.由and或both…and连接名词词组时,后用复数;由notonly…but(also),either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.如果一个 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 是由there或here引导,而主语又不止一个,谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽),militia(民兵)等通常都用作复数.Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.Thepolicearelookingforhim.有些集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据意思来决定.Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.有些名词单复数同形,可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowextinct.表示时间,重量,长度,价值等的名词,尽管仍是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词也可用单数形式(当然用复数动词也是可以的):Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight.其他问题书名,国家名用单数:TalesfromShakespeareisabookbyCharlesLamb.学科名,如mathematics,economics用单数.manya或morethanone所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式:Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.anumberof后接复数,thenumberof后接单数:Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.oneofthose后用单数.在“oneof+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式：Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.当one之前友theonly等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one而定，即采用单数形式：Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.Ⅱ非谓语动词不定式形式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing完成式:不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生.假如不定式所表示的动作,在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生,就要用不定式的完成式.Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother(=IamgladIhaveseenyourmother).(比较:Iamgladtoseeyou.)Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.进行式:如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用不定式的进行式.Youarenotsupposedtobeworking.Youhaven’tquiterecoveredyet.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.完成进行式:在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,就要用不定式的完成进行式.Thestrugglewasknowntohavebeengoingfortwentyyears.Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.被动式:当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Shehatedtobeflattered.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Thisisboundtobefoundout.Therearealotofthingstobedone.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.功用:不定式可以作主语(a),宾语(b),表语(c),定语(d)或是状语(e).a.Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.b.Weareplanningtobuildareservoirhere.c.Oneofourmaintasksnowistomechanizeagriculture.d.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?e.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.不带to的不定式:在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,hear,watch,smell,feel,notice等,或是表示“致使”意义的have,make,let等,其后的不定式结构不带to.Johnmadehertellhimeverything.这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to的不定式一般还原为带to的不定式.Shewasmadetotellhimeverything.在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might(just)aswell,cannotbut等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to.I’drathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.Theycannotbutaccepthisterm.在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgoof,lettherebe,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.I’veheardtellofhim.在动词help(或help+宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式.CanIhelp(to)liftthisheavybox?在介词except,but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之带to.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Smithwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.There’snochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.连词ratherthan,soonerthan置于句首时,其后的不定式不带to.Ratherthanpushthebookbackashewantedtodo,heforcedhimselftopickitup.出现在句中其他位置时,其后的不定式有时带to,有时不带to.Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.用作补语的动词不定式,如果主语是由“all+关系分句”，“thing+关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing+不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.Whathewilldois(to)spoilthewholething.AllyoudonowiscompletetheformTheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.Thethingtodonowisclearupthismess.TheleastIcandoisdriveeverybodyelseclosertotheissue.不定式的其他用法too…to结构通常表示否定意义:Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.nottoo,buttoo,alltoo,onlytoo等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:He’sonlytoopleasedtohelpher.so…as(to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:Besokindastodropinsometimewhenyouarefree.如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itisagreathonourforustobepresentatthisrally.在以某些形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等)作表语时,不定式前可加一个of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.(Itis)Awfullygoodofyoutocomeandmeetus.It’sveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.V+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)形式完成式:如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成形式.Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.在某些动词后(或成语中),常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式,尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.Excusemeforcominglate.Idon’tremembereverseeinghimanywhere.现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中,表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingfoundthecause,theywereabletoproposearemedy.另外,独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.Theguestshavingleft,theyresumedtheirdiscussion.Thechildren,havingeatingtheirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.被动式:当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时,动名词一般要用被动形式.Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness.Hecouldn’tbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.但要注意,在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,尽管表示的是被动的意思,却用动名词的主动形式.Mypenneedsfilling.Thepointdeservesmentioning.Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.Hermethodisworthtrying.现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语,宾语补足语,状语及用于独立结构中.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoninourlaboratory.You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.Thesearesoldatreducedprices,thedefectsalwaysbeingpointedouttothecustomers.完成被动式:如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式,而用一般被动形式代替,以免句子显得累赘.现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.Allthecompositionshavingbeenwrittenandcollected,theteachersentthestudentshome.句法功用作主语:Walkingisgoodexercise.It’snicetalkingtoyou.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmethodhasgreatlyraisedlabourproductivity.作宾语:Yourshoesneedpolishing.Youmustn’tdelaysendingthetractorsover.Heavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.作介词宾语:动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多.它常可以用在某些成语后面,常见的有:insiston,persistin,thinkof,dreamof,objectto,suspect…of,accuse…of,charge…with,hearof,approveof,prevent…from,keep…from,stop…from,refrainfrom,beengagedin,lookforwardto,opposedto,dependon,thank…for,feellike,excuse…for,aimat,devote…to,setabout,spend…in,get(be)usedto,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,betiredof,besickof,succeedin,beinterestedin,feel(be)ashamedof,beproudof,bekeenon,beresponsiblefor.作表语:Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthepeople.动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语.一般说来,在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词;在表示具体某词动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.作宾语补足语:分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,find,keep,get,have等动词后作宾语补足语.Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.Oncewecaughthimdozingoffinclass.Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词后,及可用现在分词,也可用不定式构成宾语补足语.用现在分词时,表示动作正在发生,用不定式时表示动作发生了.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.作状语:现在分词作状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.Iranoutofthehouseshouting.Igothome,feelingverytired.DrivingtoChicagothatnight,Iwasstruckbyasuddenthought.现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidn’twanttogotothecinema.现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语,相当于when引起的从句:Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.如果两个动作是完全同时发生的,多用when或while加分词这种结构.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.ShegottoknowthemwhileattendingaconferenceinBeijing.前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构:一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构),来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.如果不是在句子开头,这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格),这比用所有格更自然一些.Idon’tmindhimgoing.Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtemper.只能用动名词作宾语的动词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,admit,enjoy,leaveoff,require,postpone,putoff,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,deny,endure,escape,miss既可用动名词,也可用不定式作宾语的动词:love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等.有时两种结构之间意义差别不大,有时却有不同的意思.在remember,regret,want,try等词后差别是比较明显的.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.Imustremembertotakemynotebookswithme.Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.IregrettosayIhaven’tgivenyouenoughhelp.Shedoesn’twant(need)tocome.Thehousewants(needs)cleaning.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway.悬垂修饰:分词作状语时,表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.Walkingthroughthepark,wesawalotofflowers.(walking是we的动作,正确)Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedverybeautiful.(错误)Standingonthetower,wecouldseethewholecity.(正确)Standingonthetower,thewholevillagecouldbeseen.(错误)分词意义:过去分词通常来自及物动词,带有被动意义和完成意义;而现在分词有的来自及物动词,有的来自不及物动词,通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.frozenfoodafreezingwindaboredtravelleraboringjourneyalostcausealosingbattleaconqueredarmyaconqueringarmyafinishedarticlethelastfinishingtouchthespokenwordaspeakingbirdaclosedshoptheclosinghourarecordedtalkarecordingmachine来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语,能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词,仅表示完成意义,不表示被动意义.therisensun,fallenleaves,faded/witheredflowers,returnedstudents,retiredworkers,departedfriends,escapedprisoners,thevanishedjewels,newly-arrivedvisitors用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在意义上相当于关系分句.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceptionwereoldfriends.句法作用作定语:distinguishedguest贵宾,unknownheroes无名英雄,armedforces武装部队,cannedfood罐头食品,boiledwater开水,steamedbread馒头,strickenarea灾区分词还可构成合成词作定语:simply-furnishedroom陈设简单的房间,clear-cutanswer明确的答复,highly-developedindustry高度发展的工业,heartfeltthanks衷心的感谢,hand-madegoods手工制品,man-madesatellite人造卫星作补足语:可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.Wefoundhergreatlychanged.make,get,have,keep等表示”致使”意义的动词:Ihavemyhaircuteverytendays.Shegotherbadtoothpulledout.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.like,want,wish,order等表示希望,要求,命令等意义的动词:Idon’twantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.Hewon’tlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.过去分词短语常用作状语,修饰谓语,很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.Guidedbytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework,Delightedwithherwork,theymadeherthegeneralmanager.过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.有时也可说明动作发生的时间,相当于一个表示时间的状语从句.Thismethod,triedinareasnearShanghai,resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.间或也可表示一个假设的情况,相当于一个条件从句.Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.Picked20yearsayear,itgrowstiredonlyafter40or50years.独立结构:在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致.但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立结构,一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.有时可以表示时间:Latethatautumn,hisworkfinished,hepreparedtoreturntohisinstitute.表示原因:Hereyesdimmedwithtears,shedidnotseehimenter.条件:Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Ⅲ虚拟语气that从居中:wish,wouldrather(sooner),hadbetter:IwishIwereasstrongasyou.IwishIhadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.IwishIrememberedtheaddress.Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow(youhadgonetheretoo).Ihadrather(that)youtoldhimthanIdid.suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词后的宾语从句:Thecommanderorderedthatallcivilians(should)beevacuated.Heaskedthathebegivenanopportunitytotry.Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost.itisdesired,itissuggested,itisrequested,itwasordered,itwasproposed,itisnecessary,itisimportant,ithasbeendecided等结构后的主语从句中.ItwasarrangedthattheyleavethefollowingweekItwillbebetterthatwemeetsomeothertime.suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendations,plan,idea等后面的表语从句和同位语从句:Hissolerequirementis(was)thatthysystembeadjusted.在某些句型中itistimethatItistimethatwewent(或shouldgo)tobed.Itishightimewe(should)putanendtothiscontroversy.asif(though)引起的从句:Theytalked(aretalking)asiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Itseemsasifitwas(were)springtoday.Heacts(acted)asif(though)hewere(was)anexpert.以lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+动词原形):Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfearthat(或lest)heshouldcatchcold.I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldneedit.以whatever,whoever,nomatterwhat这类代词或词组引起的从句(这时,谓语多用may加动词原形构成):Whateverdefectshemayhave,heisanhonestman.Comewhatmay,wewillgoahead.不管发生什么情况,我们都要干下去.Iacceptthatheisoldandfrail;bethatasitmay,he’sstillagoodpolitician.我承认他年老体衰,然而尽管如此,它仍是优秀的政治家.条件句虚拟条件句主要有下面两类:表示现在及将来情况(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):谓语主要形式如下(be多用were这个形式):从句主句过去式would+动词原形IfIwerey