有关女大学生就业心理困扰的表现归因及对策的浅析中英文对照

http://www.tsshanguo.com/http://www.sddetong.com/http://www.lwsmjx.com/http://www.nyhlhg.com/有关女大学生就业心理困扰的表现、归因及对策的浅析中英文对照Thefemalecollegestudentsemploymentpsychologicaldistress,theperformanceanalysisofcausesandCountermeasuresinChineseandEnglish　就业是每个人所面临的重大抉择，尤其对于大学生来说，是人生的重大转折。社会现实中依然存在女大学生就业难的现象，使得女大学生在择业心理压力、心理冲突方面较之男大学生更加突出。分析了女大学生就业过程中多种心理困扰及其产生原因，同时提出了一些措施以助于解决女大学生的就业心理困扰。Employmentisagreatdecisionthateveryonefaces,especiallyforcollegestudents,isamajorturningpointinlife.Femalecollegestudentsemploymentdifficultphenomenonstillexistsinthesociety,thefemalecollegestudentsinemploymentpsychologicalpressure,psychologicalconflictmoreprominentthanmalecollegestudents.Analysisofavarietyofpsychologicaldistressprocessinfemalecollegestudents'employmentanditscauses,andputforwardsomemeasurestohelpsolvetheemploymentpsychologicalproblemsoffemalecollegestudents.【关键词】大学生就业心理困扰女[keyword]collegestudentsemploymentpsychologicalproblemsoffemale　　随着高校的扩招，女大学生在其中所占比例逐年上升，据有关资料统计，2008年普通高校女毕业生占总人数的44%左右。现实社会中女大学生在就业过程中面临的困难远远大于男生，这就给她们带来了巨大的心理压力，也产生了一些心理障碍。准确把握女大学生就业心理困扰的主要表现及归因，重视女生的就业心理健康教育，成为社会和高校一项刻不容缓的工作。Withtheexpansionofuniversityenrollment,femalecollegestudentsinwhichtheproportionisrisingyearbyyear,accordingtotherelevantstatistics,femalecollegegraduatesin2008accountedforabout44%ofthetotalnumber.Femalecollegestudentsinsocialrealityfacinginthecourseofemploymentdifficultyisfargreaterthantheboys,whichhasbroughtthemgreatpsychologicalpressure,alsoproducedanumberofmentaldisorders.Accuratelygraspthemainmanifestationsoffemalecollegestudents'employmentpsychologicaldistressandattribution,theimportanceofhealtheducationofemploymentpsychologystudents,becomethesocietyanduniversitiesacrunchtimework.　　1心理困扰的主要表现The1mainmanifestationsofpsychologicaldistress　　1.1安稳与实惠心理1.1safeandaffordablepsychology　　女大学生在择业时往往从职业的稳定性出发，认为到机关事业单位工作就等于捧到了“铁饭碗”，不会有“企业倒闭职工下岗”的风险，这些思想导致了女大学生对机关事业单位的偏爱心理。实惠也成为女大学生的普遍价值取向，有部分女生在“大款”、“大腕”面前，放下清高，挽起“款爷”的手臂，把金钱实惠作为人生目标。Femalestudentsincareeroftenstartingfromtheoccupationstability,consideredbytheinstitutionsworkisholdingto"asecurejob",not"businessfailuresoflaid-offworkers"risk,theseideasledtoapreferenceforfemalecollegestudentsofinstitutions.Benefithasbecomeacommonvalueorientationoffemalecollegestudents,therearesomegirlsinthe"bigmoney","known"before,putdownthelofty,rollup"kuanye"arm,putthemoneytobenefitasagoalinlife.　　1.2自负与自卑心理1.2conceitandinferioritycomplex　　大学女生往往存在自负心理，就业时易挑三拣四，对自己的就业期望值很高。但同时又存在明显的自卑心理，由于性别原因，女大学生在接受用人单位选择中多受冷落，“宁招武大郎，不要穆桂英”这种“性别歧视”的现象严重损害了女大学生的自尊心，挫伤了她们的学习积极性，导致她们产生“女生学习再好，将来也难找到好单位”的自卑心理。Universitystudentsareconceitedpsychology,employmentiseasytopickandchoose,totheiremploymentexpectationswerehigh.Butthereareobviousinferioritycomplex,duetoreasonsofgender,femalestudentsinacceptthesnubemployerofchoice,"Ningyoudon'tmove,MuGuiying,"the"sexdiscrimination"phenomenonseriousdamagetothefemalecollegestudents'self-esteem,dampenedtheirenthusiasmforlearning,causesthemtoproduce"girlstolearnagaingood,alsohardtofindagoodunit"futureinferiority.　　1.3依赖与从众心理1.3dependenceandpsychologicalconformity　　一些从小到大都在被保护的环境中成长的女大学生，面对就业中的种种困难，依赖心理较大。有些女大学生缺乏自主性和竞争意识，盲目从众，追求大多数人特别是同性选择的“大企、名企、公务员、外企”等职业，而忽略了对自身的兴趣、爱好、特长的分析。Somechildhoodgrowingupintheprotectedenvironmentoffemalecollegestudents,inthefaceofdifficultiesinemployment,greaterpsychologicaldependence.Somefemalecollegestudentslacktheinitiativeandconsciousnessofcompetition,blindconformity,thepursuitofthemajorityofpeopleespeciallysexualselection"bigenterprises,famousenterprises,foreignoccupation,civilservants",ignoringtheirowninterest,hobbies,specialanalysis.　　1.4焦虑与恐惧心理1.4anxietyandfear　　就业前的一段时间内，既要完成学业，又要奔波于用人单位之间，心里非常疲惫。加上就业市场上男女机会的不平等，使女生就业受挫的经历更多，造成女大学生精神上紧张，烦躁不安，甚至产生彻夜难眠现象，行为上也表现得反应迟钝，手忙脚乱，无所适从，有些心理健康水平低的女生甚至出现“就业恐惧”。Theemploymentofaperiodoftime,notonlytocompletetheirstudies,butalsoontherunbetweentheemployer,theheartisverytired.Withthejobmarketandinequalityofopportunity,makethefemaleemploymentfrustrationexperiencemore,resultinginfemalecollegestudentsmentaltension,restlessness,evenatnight,behaviorappearedtobeunresponsive,actwithconfusion,notknowwhatcoursetotake,somelowermentalhealthlevelofgirlsandeventheemergenceof"employmentfear".　　2产生心理困扰归因2psychologicaldistressattribution　　2.1社会因素2.1socialfactors　　传统观念的束缚及传统教育方式的后果。虽然重男轻女的观念己被现代社会所摒弃，但大众传媒的负面影响仍左右人们。它们直接或间接地对女性的发展起着消极作用，造成不少女生对自身性别的自卑。市场经济和社会思潮的负面影响。受经济利益驱动和拜金主义、享乐主义、功利主义等不良社会思潮影响，女大学生在就业过程中更加注重经济利益、工作范围和社会效果，忽视了才智发挥、事业成就等。2.2学校因素Theshacklesoftraditionalideasandthetraditionaleducationmodeoftheconsequences.Althoughmenaresuperiortowomenhasbeenabandonedtheideaofmodernsociety,butthenegativeinfluenceofmassmediaisaboutpeople.Theydirectlyorindirectlytothedevelopmentoffemaleplaysanegativerole,resultinginalotofgirlsoftheirgenderinferiority.Thenegativeinfluenceofmarketeconomyandsocialtrendofthought.Drivenbyeconomicinterestsandmoneyworship,hedonism,utilitarianismandbadsocialideologicaltrendinfluence,femalestudentspaymoreattentiontoeconomicinterests,inthecourseofemploymentinthescopeofworkandsocialeffect,ignoringthetalents,careerachievementetc..2.2schoolfactors　　高校对女大学生在就业中出现的心理问题还不能及时的、有针对性地进行教育和疏导，女大学生的就业心理素质教育还显得比较被动，就业心理咨询及职业生涯规划辅导还不够广泛。Universityisnotthepsychologicalproblemsoffemalecollegestudentsintheemploymentofthetimely,targetedforeducationandcounseling,psychologicalqualityeducation,employmentoffemalecollegestudentsispassive,employmentpsychologicalcounselingandoccupationcareerplanningisstillnotwidely.　　2.3自身因素2.3factors　　(1)不正确的自我定位走入心理误区。有些女生很难给自己正确定位，对就业期望值过高，在就业时忽视所学专业特点，忽视自身特长，不从个人发展和事业前途考虑，而是盲目向往大城市、大机关、大单位，一味追求待遇好、收入高的热门职业。(2)低职业成就动机导致行为偏差。女大学生虽然是女性中的佼佼者，但受家庭和社会的影响，职业成就动机却较低，有些女大学生将人生幸福寄托在“找个好丈夫”上，将很多精力放在身材、美容、穿着打扮等外在的形象上，而忽视大学期间的知识积累、能力培养和综合素质的提高，面对严峻的就业形势，往往显得束手无策，引发心理危机。(1)theincorrectpositioningthemselvesintothementalerrors.Someofthegirlsisverydifficulttogivetheircorrectposition,theemploymentexpectationsaretoohigh,inthejobwhenthemajorcharacteristicsofneglect,neglecttheirownstrengths,notconsideringthepersonalandcareerdevelopment,buttheblindlongingforbigcity,largeinstitutions,largeunits,thetreatmentofblindpursuitofgood,highincome,popularoccupation.(2)lowoccupationachievementmotivationleadstobehavioralbiases.Femalecollegestudentsareoutstandinginwomen,butinfluencedbythefamilyandsociety,occupationachievementmotivationislow,somefemalecollegestudentswillbethehappinessoflifeliesinthe"findagoodhusband",putmucheffortinthebody,beauty,dressedintheexternalimage,whileignoringtheUniversityduringtheaccumulationofknowledge,abilityandcomprehensivequalityimprovement,inthefaceofthesevereemploymentsituation,oftenseemtobeatalosswhattodo,causepsychologicalcrisis.　　3措施与对策3measuresandCountermeasures　　3.1国家和社会应规范就业政策，创造良好的就业环境。制定完善的大学生就业法律规范；制定相应的保护政策，为女大学生平等就业提供法律保障，使女生就业有章可循。在人才选聘上， 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 统一，不人为设置性别障碍。3.1thestateandsocietyshallregulatetheemploymentpolicy,tocreateagoodemploymentenvironment.Thedevelopmentofemploymentlawstudentsperfect;conservationpolicymakingcorrespondingtoequalemployment,femalecollegestudentstoprovidelegalprotection,thefemaleemploymentrules.Unifiedstandardintalentrecruitment,notartificial,genderbarriers.　　3.2应加强对大学生的就业心理咨询工作力度。在就业指导中应加强对女大学生的心理素质教育和抗挫折教育，有针对性地引导她们客观评价自己，增强自我调控能力，增强适应环境的能力，正确对待求职过程中的失败，使其保持良好的择业心态参与竞争，引导她们正确择业，顺利就业，成功立业。3.2shouldbestrengthenedontheemploymentofcollegestudentspsychologicalcounselingwork.Intheemploymentguidanceshouldstrengthentheeducationofpsychologicalqualityoffemalecollegestudentsandfrustrationeducation,toguidetheirobjectiveevaluationoftheirown,enhancetheabilityofself-control,enhancetheabilitytoadapttotheenvironment,treatthejobsearchprocessfailure,keepinggoodcareermentalitytoparticipateinthecompetition,guidethemtothecorrectemployment,employment,success.　　3.3大学生应正确认识自我，提高自身素质3.3collegestudentsshouldhaveacorrectunderstandingofself,toimprovetheirownquality　　(1)尽快转变社会心理角色，迈出成功的第一步。就业这对女大学生来说绝不仅仅是一次归属的改变，还意味着自身社会心理角色的转变。女大学生要深刻认识到这一点，克服自卑、依赖等不健康心理，尽快完成心理角色的转变。(2)发挥性别优势，正确自我评价，选准职业切入点。女大学生在性格、语言、交往、管理等方面的能力比男生略胜一筹，又具有特有的思维方式和耐心细致的特点，因此女大学生要积极发挥自身优势，结合自己所学的专业、爱好特长等，通过积极参加社会调查、学术讲座、社会实践等活动来拓展知识面，加强实践能力，提高社会适应、人际交往、组织管理等方面的能力，找准职业切入点，从而实现自己的职业理想。(3)积极学习心理健康知识，掌握各种自我调适的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，如：转移、宣泄、自我暗示、放松等。在遭遇挫折和冲突时，客观分析自我与现实，有效排除心理困扰，最终实现合理就业、成功就业。(1)assoonaspossiblethetransformationofsocialpsychologicalrole,takingthefirststeptosuccess.Thefemalecollegestudentsemploymentisnotonlyanownershipchange,alsomeanstochangetheirsocialroles.Femalestudentstorealizethispoint,overcomeinferioritycomplex,dependent,poormentalhealth,changesinpsychologicalroleassoonaspossible.(2)playsexadvantage,correctselfevaluation,choosetheoccupationentrypoint.Inpersonality,languageability,communication,managementandotherfemalestudentsthanmalestudentsbeastrokeabove,andhasauniquewayofthinkingandpatientcharacteristics,sothefemalecollegestudentstoactivelyplaytheirownadvantages,combinedwiththeirownmajor,hobbiesandsoon,throughactiveparticipationinsocialinvestigation,academiclectures,socialpracticeandotheractivities.Theexpansionofknowledge,strengtheningthepracticeability,enhancetheabilityofsocialadaptation,interpersonalcommunication,organizationandmanagementoftheoccupation,findthebreakthroughpoint,inordertoachievetheirownoccupationideal.(3)positivelearningpsychologicalhealthknowledge,masteringthemethods,suchas:transferofvariousself-adjustment,catharsis,self-suggestion,relax.Inthefaceoffrustrationandconflict,objectiveanalysisofselfandreal,effectiveeliminationofpsychologicaldistress,andultimatelyrealizethereasonableemployment,employment.