选修七-Unit-2-Robots-Grammar[课件]

动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive主语(subject)宾语(object) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)宾补(objectcomplement)第一页不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。第二页语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式/完成进行式/todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone第三页不定式的被动语态在句中的作用作主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathy…翻译：被邀请参加会议是一大荣幸。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.第四页2.作表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSundayevening.翻译：Tony将由Larry的妻子Claire进行测试。TonyistobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.第五页3.作宾语SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.翻译：这位职员不喜欢被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkdidn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers.第六页4.作宾补Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.第七页5.做定语Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!Areyougoingtothemeeting__________intheteachers’office?(hold)tobeheld第八页6.做状语Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.第九页Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.结论：如果不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用不定式的完成式。第十页不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在therebe结构中。例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).第十一页2.在“主语+be+性质形容词+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，soft,interesting，comfortable,important，expensive，cheap，fit,safe,dangerous等。例如：Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.Johnisdifficulttodealwith．Airinthecountrysideisfreshtobreathe.第十二页3.在“too…todo;adj./adv.enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．第十三页5.句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动；反之用被动形式。比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype．Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(Iwilltypetheletters)(Someonewilltypetheletters.)第十四页1.“Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),Sir?”askedthemaid.2.Ican’tgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes________(wash).3.I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything___________(take)toyourwifethere?tobewashedtowashtobetaken及时练第十五页6.当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。Thehouseistolet．IfeltIwastoblame.第十六页动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.NOTICE第十七页Thedishesneed________________.2.Themailisintended_____________.SentenceMakingwashsendtobewashedtobesent课堂练兵第十八页3.Thesingerrefused_________________.4.Thehouseis__________.photographselltobephotographedtobesold第十九页5.Thewallisexpected______________.painttobepaintedfrighten6.Thebirdseems_______________.tobefrightened第二十页1.Shehates________________byherclassmates.2.Timrefused_________________byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled_______________bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodFillintheblanks.accompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstesttobelaughedat第二十一页4.Thesearetheissues______________tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussedaccompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstest第二十二页1.Myambitionis_________totheuniversitywhichhasthemostexcellentsportingfacilitiesinBeijing.A.toadmitB.tobeadmittedC.tobeadmittingD.tohavebeenadmitted实战高考第二十三页2.Youngasheis,hedoesn’tlike_______asachild.A.totreatB.treatingC.tobetreatedD.tobetreating3.Theprofessorandhisfellowworkersweresentthere_______forthespaceflight.A.trainB.tobetrainingC.tohavebeentrainedD.tobetrained第二十四页4.Lilyhasbeeninvitedtoagardenparty_________nextSaturdayevening.A.tobeheldB.toholdC.tobeholdingD.tohavebeenheld5.Jackisreported_______chairmanofthetradeunionbyallmembers.A.tochooseB.tohavebeenchosenC.tobechoosingD.tobechosen第二十五页6.—IsMarystillstudying?—I’mafraidnot.Sheissaid________theclassroomalready.A.tobeleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tohaveleft7.Doletyourparentsknowallthetruth.Theyappear__________everything.A.tohavebeentoldB.totellC.tobetellingD.tobetold第二十六页8.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard9.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_____assoonaspossible.A.sendingB.tosendC.beingsentD.tobesent第二十七页10.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding第二十八页HomeworkTranslatethefollowingsentences.据说这次会议已经被取消了。残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。我希望被北京大学录取。抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。今天我有很多的作业要做。第二十九页Thankyou第三十页