心理学英文术语题库

感觉记忆（SM）—sensorymemory关键词keyword短期记忆（STM）—short-termM.命题思考propositionalthought长期记忆（LTM）—Iong-termmemory心像思考imaginalthought复诵rehearsal行动思考motoricthought预示（激发）priming概念一一concept童年失忆症childhoodamnesia原型一一prototype视觉编码（表征）visualcode（representation）属性property听觉编码—acousticcode特征一一feature运作记忆workingmemory范例策略exemplarstrategy语意性知识—semanticknowledge语言相对性（假说）一linguisticrelativityth.记忆扫瞄程序—memoryscanningprocedure音素phoneme竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.词素morpheme自我终止式扫瞄一self-terminatedS.（字词的）外延与内涵意义一denotative&程序性知识—Proceduralknowledgeconnotativemeaning命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）（句子的）表层与深层结构一surface&deepknowledgestructure情节（轶事）性知识一episodicK.语意分析法semanticdifferential讯息处理深度—depthofprocessing全句语言—holophrasticspeech精致化处理一elaboration过度延伸over-extension登录特殊性—codingspecificity电报式语言—telegraphicspeech记忆术—mnemonic关键期一criticalperiod位置记忆法一methodofloci差异减缩法differeneereduction字钩法一pegword方法目的分析means-endsanalysis（线）探索（测）（激发）字一prime倒推workingbackward需求层级—hierarchyofneedsknowledge动机motive自我实现selfactualization自由意志freewill冲突conflict决定论determinism多项仪polygraph本能instinct肤电反应GSR种属特有行为speciesspecific（认知）评估（cognitiveappraisal）马区力drive脸部回馈假说facialfeedbackhypothesis诱因incentive（生理）激发arousal驱力减低说drivereductionth.挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggressionhy.恒定状态（作用）一homeostasis替代学习vicariouslearning短期记忆（STM）—short-termM.原级与次级动机一primary&secondaryM.长期记忆（LTM）—Iong-termmemory功能独立—functionalautonomy复诵rehearsal下视丘侧部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus脂肪细胞说fat-celltheory.预示（激发）priming童年失忆症childhoodamnesia下视丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialH视觉编码（表征）visualcode（representation）定点论setpointth.听觉编码—acousticcodeCCK胆囊调节激素运作记忆workingmemory第一性征primarysexcharacteristic语意性知识—semanticknowledge第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic记忆扫瞄程序—memoryscanningprocedure自我效能期望—self-efficiencyexpectancy竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.内在（发）动机一intrinsicmotive自我终止式扫瞄一self-terminatedS.夕卜在（衍）动机—extrinsicmotive程序性知识一Proceduralknowledge成就需求N.achievement命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）情节（轶事）性知识一episodicK.语意分析法semanticdifferential讯息处理深度一depthofprocessing全句语言一holophrasticspeech精致化处理一elaboration过度延伸over-extension登录特殊性一codingspecificity电报式语言一telegraphicspeech记忆术一mnemonic关键期criticalperiod位置记忆法一methodofloci差异减缩法differeneereduction字钩法-pegword方法目的分析means-endsanalysis（线）探索（测）（激发）字一prime倒推workingbackward关键词一keyword动机motive宀.f■—r■11命题思考propositionalthought自由意志freewill心像思考imaginalthought决疋论determinism行动思考motoricthought本冃能instinet概念一一concept种属特有行为speciesspecific原型一一prototype驱力drive属性property诱因incentive特征feature驱力减低说drivereductionth.范例策略exemplarstrategy恒定状态（作用）一homeostasis语言相对性（假说）一linguisticrelativityth.原级与次级动机一primary&secondaryM音素phoneme功能独立一functionalautonomy词素一一morpheme下视丘侧部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus（字词的）外延与内涵意义一denotative&connotativemeaning脂肪细胞说fat-celltheory.（句子的）表层与深层结构一surface&deepstructure下视丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialH定点论setpointth.视觉悬崖visualcliffCCK胆囊调节激素剥夺或丰富（环境）deprivationorenrichment第一性征primarysexcharacteristicofenv.第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic基模schema自我效能期望一self-efficiencyexpectancy同化assimilation内在（发）动机一intrinsicmotive调适accommodation夕卜在（衍）动机一extrinsicmotive平衡equilibrium成就需求N.achievement感觉动作期sensorimotorstage需求层级一hierarchyofneeds物体永久性objectivepermanence自我实现selfactualization运思前期preoperationalst.冲突conflict保留概念conservation多项仪polygraph道德现实主义moralrealism肤电反应GSR具体运思期concreteoperational（认知）评估(cognitiveappraisal)形式运思期formaloperationalst.脸部回馈假说facialfeedbackhypothesis前俗例道德pre-conventionalmoral（生理）激发arousal俗例道德conventionalmoral挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggressionhy.超俗例道德post-conventionalmoralvicariouslearning发展development替代学习气质temperament依附attachment先天nature性别认定genderidentity后天nurture性别配合sextyping成熟maturation性蕾期phallicstage（视觉）偏好法preferentialmethod恋亲冲突一Oedipaleonflict习惯法habituation认同identification完形心理学Gestaltpsychology社会学习sociallearning感觉sensation情结complex知觉perception性别恒定genderconstancy实验法experimentalmethod青年期adolescenee独变项independentvariable青春期-puberty依变项dependentV.第二性征secondarysexcharacteristics控制变项controlV.认同危机identitycrisis生理physiology定向统合identityachievement条件化conditioning早闭型统合foreclosure学习learning未定型统合moratorium比较心理学comparativepsy.迷失型统合identitydiffusion发展development传承generativity社会心理学socialpsy.心理动力psycho-dynamics人格personality心理分析psychoanalysis心理计量学一psychometrics受试（者）subject行为论behaviorism实验者预期效应一experimenterexpectancyeffect心理生物观psycho-biologicalperspective双盲法double—blind认知cognition实地实验fieldexperiment临床心理学家-clinicalpsychologist相关correlation谘商counseling调查survey人因工程humanfactorengineering访谈interview组织organization个案研究casestudy潜意识unconsciousness观察observation心理测验Psychologicaltest纹理递变度texturegradient注意attention物体的组群groupingofobje型态辨识一patternrecognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律-proximity相似律一similarity闭合律一closure连续律continuity对称律symmetry错觉一一illusion幻觉delusion恒常性一constancy大小size形状一一shape位置一一location单眼线索monocularcue线性透视linear-perspective双眼线索binocularcue深度一一depth调节作用accommodation重迭——superposition双眼融合辐辏作用双眼像差向度自动效应运动视差诱发运动闪光运动binocularfusionconvergeneebinoculardisparitydimensionautokineticeffectmotionparallaxinducedmotionstroboscopicmotion上下文、脉络-context人工智能artificialintelligeneeA.I.脉络关系作用-contexteffect 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匹配整合分析法templatematchinganalysis-by-synthesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无意识的推论-unconsciousinferences运动后效motionaftereffect特征侦测器一featuredetector激发性excitatory抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理一up-downprocess由下而上处理bottom-upprocess感觉剥夺sensorydeprivation连结者模式connectionistmodel物质滥用substaneeabuse联结失识症associativeagnosia成瘾physicaladdiction脸孔辨识困难症prosopagnosia物质依赖sub.dependence意识conscious(ness)戒断症状withdrawalsymptom意识改变状态alteredstatesofconsciousness兴奋剂stimulant无意识unconsciousness幻觉（迷幻）剂hallucinogen前意识preconsciousness镇定剂sedative内省法introspection抑制剂depressant边缘注意peripheralattention酒精中毒引起谵妄一deliriumtremens多重人格multiplepersonality麻醉剂narcotic催眠hypnosis午餐排队（鸡尾酒会）效应一lunchline（cocktailparty）effect自动化历程automaticprocess催眠后暗示posthypnoticsuggestion解离dissociate催眠后失忆posthypnoticamnesia解离认同失常dissociativeidentitydisorder超心理学parapsychology快速眼动睡眠REMdream超感知觉extrasensoryperceptionESP非快速眼动睡眠一NREMdream心电感应telepathy失眠insomnia超感视clairvoyanee显性与隐性梦manifest&laterncontent预知precognition心理活动性psychoactive冥想meditation心理动力一psycokinesisPK受纳器receptor抗药性toleranee绝对阈absolutethreshold戒断withdrawal差异阈differeneethreshold恰辨差一一-JND睫状肌ciliarymuscle韦伯律Weber"slaw调节作用accommodation心理物理psychophysical脊髓spinalcord费雪纳定律Fechner"slaw反射弧reflexarc频率一一frequency振幅amplitude音频pitch基音fundamentaltone倍音一一overtone和谐音--harmonic音色一一timbre白色噪音whitenoise鼓膜eardrum耳蜗一一cochlea卵形窗-ovalwindow圆形窗roundwindow前庭vestibularsacs半规管-semicircularcanals角膜一一cornea水日日体-lens虹膜一一iris瞳孔一一pupil网膜一一retina脑干brainstem计算机轴性线断层扫描PET正子放射断层摄影MRI磁共振显影延脑medulla桥脑pons小脑cerebellum网状结构CAT或CTreticularformationRAS――网状活化系统视丘thalamus下视丘hypothalamus大脑cerebrum脑（下）垂体（腺）一pituitarygland脑半球cerebralhemisphere皮质cortex胼胝体corpuscallosum边缘系统limbicsystem海马体hippocampus杏仁核amygdala（次级）增强物(secondary)reinforcer中央沟centralfissure嫌恶刺激aversivestimulus侧沟lateralfissure试误学习trialanderrorlearning脑叶lobe效果率lawofeffect同卵双生子identicaltwins正(负)性增强物一positive(negative)rei.异卵双生子一fraternaltwins行为塑造一behaviorshaping古典制约classicalconditioning循序渐进successiveapproximation自行塑造一autoshaping操作制约operantconditioning非制约刺激一(USunconditionedstimulus部分（连续）增强一partial（continuous）R非制约反应一(UR)unconditionedR.制约刺激(CS)conditionedS.定比(时)时制一fixedratio(interval)scheduleFR或FI制约反应(CR)conditionedR.变化比率(时距)时制一variableratio(interval)scheduleVR或VI习（获）得acquisition逃离反应escapeR.增强作用reinforcement回避反应一avoidaneeresponse消除（弱）extinction习得无助learnedhelplessness自（发性）然恢复spontaneousrecovery顿悟insight学习心向一learningset前行制约一forwardconditioning同时制约simultaneousconditioning隐内（潜在）学习latentlearning回溯制约backwardcond.认知地图cognitivemap生理回馈biofeedback痕迹制约traceconditioning延宕制约一delayconditioning敏感递减法-systematicdesensitization类化（梯度）generalization(gradient)普里迈克原则一Premack"sprincipie洪水法一一flooding区辨discrimination观察学习observationallearning无意义音节一nonsensesyllable顺向干扰Proactiveinterferenee动物行为学ethology逆向干扰retroactiveinterferenee敏感化一sensitization习惯化habituation闪光灯记忆动机性遗忘flashbulbmemorymotivatedforgetting联结association器质性失忆症一organicamnesia认知学习cognitionalL.观察学习observationalL.阿兹海默症Alzheimer"sdisease近事（顺向）失忆症一anterogradeamnesia旧事（逆向）失忆一retrogradeA.登录、编码encoding高沙可夫症候群一korsakoff'ssyndrome保留、储存retention凝固理论一consolidation自闭症--autism提取retrieval回忆（freerecalleideticimagery、全现心像、照相式记忆photographicmemory.舌尖现象（TOT）—tipoftongue再认recognition再学习relearning外显与内隐记忆节省分数savingsexplicit&implicitmemory记忆广度memoryspan组集chunk序列位置效应serialpositioneffect起始效应Primacyeffect新近效应recencyeffect心（情）境依赖学习state-dependentL.