安全系统工程2

SafetyEngineerinⅠgNASA'sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStationSafetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety.Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering/systemsengineering,andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering.Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife-criticalsystembehavesasneeded,evenwhencomponentsfail.常用术语危险：hazard安全：safe事故：accident风险：risk灾害：disaster系统：system可靠性：reliability安全 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ：safetyanalysis安全评价：safetyevaluationAccidentcausationmodels事故致因理论Safetymanagement 安全管理 企业安全管理考核细则加油站安全管理机构环境和安全管理程序安全管理考核细则外来器械及植入物管理 Physicalconditions物质条件Lossprevention损失预防Topmanagement高层管理人员Humanerrors人因失误Hazardcontrol危险控制Corporateculture企业文化Riskingtaking冒险行为Safetyofficer安全官员Safetycommittee安全委员会Unionizedcompany集团公司Safetyprinciple安全规则Statusreview状态审查Supervisorylevel监督层Implementplan执行 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 Hazardidentification危险辨识Safetyperformance安全性能Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles.Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge.Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering,reliability,logistics,coordinationofdifferentteams,testingandevaluation,maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment,design,implementation,andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects.ⅡSystemEngineeringSystemsengineeringdealswithwork-processes,optimizationmethods,andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects.Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman-centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering,mechanicalengineering,manufacturingengineering,controlengineering,softwareengineering,electricalengineering,cybernetics,organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement.Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered,andintegratedintoawhole.Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess.Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime.Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved,andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur–systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems.Systemcharacteristics:Unity—整体性Relativity—相关性Objective,Goal&Function—目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment—环境适应性Dynamic—动态性Systemhasitsownorder—有序性ClassificationofsystemNaturalandHuman-MadeSystem自然系统和人工系统PhysicalandConceptualSystem实体系统和抽象系统StaticandDynamicSystem静态系统和动态系统ControlandBehaviorSystem控制系统和行为系统OpenandClosedSystem开放系统和封闭系统SystemengineeringmethodEngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearchSystemengineeringprinciple系统原理整分合原理反馈原理弹性原理封闭原理能级原理动力原理激励原理SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral-divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprincipleⅢSafetySystemEngineering1.Featuresofsafetysystem系统性开放性确定性与非确定性有序与无序的统一体突变性或畸变性SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegeneration2.SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition安全系统工程是运用系统工程 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，识别、分析、评价系统寿命周期中的危险性，根据其结果调整工艺、设备、操作、管理、生产周期和投资等因素，控制可能发生的事故，使系统处于最佳安全状态。DefinitionSafetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify,analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem.Accordingtotheresults,itadjuststheprocess,equipment,operation,management,productioncycle,investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents,sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate.Threesubsystems:HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem3.ResearchobjectofsafetysystemengineeringThesethreeinterrelated,mutuallyconstrained,interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa"human-machine-environment"system.Analysis,evaluation,control"human-machine-environment"systemsecurity,canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues.4.ResearchcontentsofsafetysystemengineeringThebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict,evaluateandcontrolhazards.Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows:Systemsafetyanalysis(identificationandforecastinghazards);Risk(safety)evaluation(includinghuman,machine,material,craft,environment,organization,etc);Comparison;Comprehensiveevaluation;Optimizethedecisionoftheplan.         Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis,systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision-makingandaccidentcontrol.ⅣSystemSafetyAnalysisThroughthesystemsafetyanalysis,youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem,analyzethepossibledangerousstates,estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident,thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences,bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram.maincontentInvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem-relatedenvironmentalconditions,equipment,personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment,procedures,processesormaterials,controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrolCommonmethod预先危险性分析（PHA）安全检查表分析（SCA）故障模式及影响分析（FEMA）危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)事件树分析(ETA)事故树分析（FTA)系统可靠性分析（ＳＲＡ）原因-后果分析（CCA)PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysisClassificationInductionQualitativeanalysisQuantitativeanalysisDeductionPreliminaryHazardAnalysis(PHA)，是在每项工作活动之前，对系统存在的危险类型、来源、出现条件、到事故后果及相关措施，作一概略分析。总之，即在行动之前作一安全分析，以避免考虑不周造成的各种损失。1、MaincontentofPHA识别危险的设备、零部件并分析其发生的可能性和条件；Identifydangerousequipment,partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence;分析系统中各子系统，各元件的交接面及其相互关系与影响；Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem,thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship&influence;分析物质危险性（MSDS，相关的检测）；Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工艺过程危险性(含装置存在的危险性)；Analyzetheprocesshazard(includingthepresenceofthedevice)人、机关系(操作、维修等)Human-machinerelationship环境条件危险性分析；Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防护措施和安全保障分析。Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis.2、advantages分析工作在行动之前，可以及早排除、降低和控制危险；Earlyelimination,reductionandcontrolofhazards;系统开发、设计、制造、安装、检修等过程的分析结果，可以作为应遵循的注意事项和指导方针；Guidelines可为制定标准和 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 提供必要资料；可以作为安全教育的教材。SafetyeducationGeneralstepsPreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages:preparation,review,andtheresultssummary确定系统对象；资料调查收集；系统功能分解；分析辨识危险；确定危险等级；制定措施；实施措施。Determinethesystemobject;Datacollection;Systemfunctiondecomposition;Analysisandidentificationofhazards;Determinethehazardlevel;Developmeasures;Implementingmeasures.分析、辩识危险DangerousandharmfulfactorsInherentriskOccupationaldiseaseRiskofstorage1、SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater热水器用煤气加热，装有温度和煤气开关连锁，当水温超过规定温度时，连锁动作将煤气阀门关小；如果发生故障，则由泄压安全阀放出热水，防止事故发生。为了防止煤气漏出和炉膛内滞留煤气．在热水器内设有燃气安全控制系统，由长明火、热电偶和电磁阀组成。由于长明火存在，即使溢出煤气也不会发生爆炸。若长明火灭了，热电偶起作用，通过电磁阀将煤气关闭，防止事故发生。Waterheaterheatingbycoalgas.Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain,whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature,thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve;Ifthefaultoccurs,accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention,thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater.Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention.Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfire,thermocoupleandelectromagneticvalve.Duetotheexistenceofeverlastingfire,explosionwillneverhappenevenifthegasleak.Ifthefireisoff,thethermocoupleworkandturnoffgasbyelectromagneticvalveforpreventingaccidents.FaultTreeAnalysisFaulttreeanalysis(FTA)isatopdown,deductivefailureanalysisinwhichanundesiredstateofasystemisanalyzedusingBooleanlogictocombineaseriesoflower-levelevents.FaultTreeAnalysisThisanalysismethodismainlyusedinthefieldsofsafetyengineeringandreliabilityengineeringtounderstandhowsystemscanfail,toidentifythebestwaystoreduceriskortodetermine(orgetafeelingfor)eventratesofasafetyaccidentoraparticularsystemlevel(functional)failure.FaultTreeAnalysisThebasicsymbolsusedinFTAaregroupedasevents,gates,andtransfersymbols.FailuremodeandeffectsanalysisFailuremodeandeffectsanalysis(FMEA)—also"failuremodes",plural,inmanypublications—wasoneofthefirsthighlystructured,systematictechniquesforfailureanalysis.RiskisthecombinationofEndEffectProbabilityAndSeverity