最新英语数学名词大全.

Fourshortwordssumupwhathasliftedmostsuccessfulindividualsabovethecrowd:alittlebitmore.------------------------------------------author------------------------------------------date最新英语数学名词大全.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------最新英语数学名词大全.代数部分1.有关基本运算：add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction,commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32roundoff四舍五入7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmetic算术，四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法division除法sum和remainder余product积quotient商2plus1equals3二加一等于三4minus2equals2四减二等于二4multipliedby5,4times5四乘以五addend加数plussign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数multiplier乘数divisor除数dividend被除数decimalpoint小数点noughtpointfour零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator分子commondenominator公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus微分学integralcalculus积分sliderule计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方toraisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方xsquared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的tothefourthpower,tothepoweroffour乘四次方squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根ruleofthree比例法logarithm对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式，方程式unknown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程微积分反函数: inverse function.  幂函数: power function.  指数函数: exponential function.  对数函数: logarithmic function.三角函数: trigonometric function.  反三角函数: anti-trigonometric function. 复合函数: compound function. 初等函数: elementary function.双曲函数: hyperbolic function.  反双曲函数: anti-hyperbolic function.无穷小:infinitesimal.  无穷大:infinity.  连续性:continuity. 间断点:discontinuous point.  介值定理:intermediate value theorem.导数:derivative.  微分:differential.  函数的单调性:monotonicity of function.  曲线:curve.  曲线的凹凸性:concavity of curve.曲线的拐点:  keen point of curve. 曲率:curvature.不定积分: indefinite integral(indeterminate integral).定积分: definite integral.广义积分:improper integral.空间解析几何:space analytic geometry.向量代数:vector algebra.空间直角坐标系:space rectangular coordinate system.数量积:scalar product.向量积:vector product.混合积:triple product.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degree surface.线性代数 Aadjont(adjugate)ofmatrixAA的伴随矩阵augmentedmatrixA的增广矩阵Bblockdiagonalmatrix块对角矩阵blockmatrix块矩阵basicsolutionset基础解系CCauchy-Schwarzinequality柯西-许瓦兹不等式characteristicequation特征方程characteristicpolynomial特征多项式coffcientmatrix系数矩阵cofactor代数余子式cofactorexpansion代数余子式展开columnvector列向量commutingmatrices交换矩阵consistentlinearsystem相容线性方程组Cramer'srule克莱姆法则Cross-productterm交叉项DDeterminant行列式Diagonalentries对角元素Diagonalmatrix对角矩阵DimensionofavectorspaceV向量空间V的维数Eechelonmatrix梯形矩阵eigenspace特征空间eigenvalue特征值eigenvector特征向量eigenvectorbasis特征向量的基elementarymatrix初等矩阵elementaryrowoperations行初等变换Ffullrank满秩fundermentalsetofsolution基础解系Ggrneralsolution通解Gram-Schmidtprocess施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneouslinearequations齐次线性方程组Iidentitymatrix单位矩阵inconsistentlinearsystem不相容线性方程组indefinitematrix不定矩阵indefinitquatraticform不定二次型infinite-dimensionalspace无限维空间innerproduct内积inverseofmatrixA逆矩阵JKLlinearcombination线性组合linearlydependent线性相关linearlyindependent线性无关lineartransformation线性变换lowertriangularmatrix下三角形矩阵MmaindiagonalofmatrixA矩阵的主对角matrix矩阵Nnegativedefinitequaraticform负定二次型negativesemidefinitequadraticform半负定二次型nonhomogeneousequations非齐次线性方程组nonsigularmatrix非奇异矩阵nontrivialsolution非平凡解normofvectorV向量V的范数normalizingvectorV规范化向量Oorthogonalbasis正交基orthogonalcomplement正交补orthogonaldecomposition正交分解orthogonallydiagonalizablematrix矩阵的正交对角化orthogonalmatrix正交矩阵orthogonalset正交向量组orthonormalbasis规范正交基orthonomalset规范正交向量组Ppartitionedmatrix分块矩阵positivedefinitematrix正定矩阵positivedefinitequatraticform正定二次型positivesemidefinitematrix半正定矩阵positivesemidefinitequadraticform半正定二次型Qquatraticform二次型RrankofmatrixA矩阵A的秩r(A)reducedechelonmatrix最简梯形阵rowvector行向量Ssetspannedby{}由向量{}所生成similarmatrices相似矩阵similaritytransformation相似变换singularmatrix奇异矩阵solutionset解集合standardbasis标准基standardmatrix标准矩阵Isubmatrix子矩阵subspace子空间symmetricmatrix对称矩阵TtraceofmatrixA矩阵A的迹tr(A)transposeofA矩阵A的转秩triangleinequlity三角不等式trivialsolution平凡解Uunitvector单位向量uppertriangularmatrix上三角形矩阵Vvandermondematrix范得蒙矩阵vector向量vectorspace向量空间WZzerosubspace零子空间zerovector零空间概率与统计Probability theory                 概率论mathematical statistics            数理统计deterministic phenomenon           确定性现象random phenomenon                  随机现象sample space                       样本空间random occurrence                  随机事件fundamental event                  基本事件certain event                      必然事件impossible event                   不可能事件random test                        随机试验  incompatible events                互不相容事件frequency                           频率classical probabilistic model     古典概型geometric probability               几何概率conditional probability            条件概率multiplication theorem             乘法定理Bayes's formula                    贝叶斯公式Prior probability                  先验概率Posterior probability              后验概率Independent events                 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials                    贝努利试验random variable                    随机变量probability distribution           概率分布distribution function              分布函数discrete random variable          离散随机变量distribution law                   分布律hypergeometric distribution        超几何分布random sampling model             随机抽样模型binomial distribution              二项分布Poisson distribution               泊松分布geometric distribution             几何分布probability density                概率密度continuous random variable         连续随机变量uniformly distribution             均匀分布exponential distribution           指数分布numerical character                数字特征mathematical expectation           数学期望variance                            方差moment                              矩central moment                     中心矩n-dimensional random variable      n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable     二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution    联合概率分布joint distribution law            联合分布律joint distribution function       联合分布函数boundary distribution law         边缘分布律boundary distribution function    边缘分布函数exponential distribution            二维指数分布continuousrandomvariable          二维连续随机变量joint probability density         联合概率密度boundary probability density      边缘概率密度conditional distribution           条件分布conditional distribution law      条件分布律conditional probability density   条件概率密度covariance                           协方差dependency coefficient             相关系数normal distribution                正态分布limit theorem                       极限定理standard normal distribution      标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution   对数正态分布covariance matrix                  协方差矩阵central limit theorem             中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality             切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers   贝努利大数定律statistics                           统计量simple random sample               简单随机样本sample distribution function      样本分布函数sample mean                        样本均值sample variance                    样本方差sample standard deviation          样本标准差sample covariance                   样本协方差 sample correlation coefficient     样本相关系数order statistics                    顺序统计量sample median                      样本中位数sample fractiles                   样本极差sampling distribution               抽样分布parameter estimation                 参数 转速和进给参数表a氧化沟运行参数高温蒸汽处理医疗废物pid参数自整定算法口腔医院集中消毒供应 估计estimator                            估计量estimate value                      估计值unbiased estimator                  无偏估计unbiassedness                        无偏性biased error                        偏差mean square error                 均方误差relative efficient                 相对有效性minimum variance                    最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator     渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator                一致性估计量moment method of estimation       矩法估计maximumlikelihoodmethod of estimation极大似然估计法likelihood function                 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator      极大似然估计值interval estimation                 区间估计hypothesis testing                  假设检验statistical hypothesis              统计假设simple hypothesis                   简单假设composite hypothesis               复合假设rejection region                    拒绝域acceptance domain                   接受域test statistics                     检验统计量linear regression analysis        线性回归分析