最新2019高考英语语法精讲情态动词和虚拟语气精品课件

情态(qíngtài)动词与虚拟语气※情动+havedone※hadbetter※※※※※※第一页，共40页。一、9大情态动词的基本用法(yònɡfǎ)1.can/could(1) 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示能力(could常用于表示过去的能力)(2)表示(biǎoshì)理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)(3)can’t表“不能/不可能(kěnéng)”)第二页，共40页。2.may/might表示请求、允许(yǔnxǔ)、许可。3.must(1)表“必须;应该(yīnggāi)”,表有把握的推测,意为“准是、一定”4.shall(1)用于第一(dìyī)、三人称的疑问句中,表征求对方的意见(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,表示法律、条文中规定“必须……”时也用shall(2)must’t禁止mustn.必须做的事；必不可少的东西Mayn.五月表祝福May+名+动Wish+名+名第三页，共40页。5.should(1)表示(biǎoshì)劝告和建议,作“应该”讲(3)用在if条件句中,表示(biǎoshì)可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能6.will/would(1)用于表示意志(yìzhì)或意愿(2)表示“请求;建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些(2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”(3)表示习惯,would可表示过去的习惯性动作第四页，共40页。7.need表“需要;必要(bìyào)”,也可做实意动词needtodo8.dare表“敢;敢于”,Idaresay是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概(dàgài)”也可做实意动词daretodo9.oughtto表示(biǎoshì)义务,意为“应当”,否定式为oughtnottodo。易混词(组)用法比较第五页，共40页。*Mayyouliveahappylife!*Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday.*Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.*Itissurprisingthatyoushouldnotknowit.*Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.第六页，共40页。三、“情态动词+havedone”的用法(yònɡfǎ)1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测musthavedone(过去)一定……;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句may(might)havedone(过去)可能……;语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句can(could)havedone用于否定句和疑问句,表示怀疑或不确定第七页，共40页。2.表示“与过去(guòqù)事实相反”couldhavedone过去本可以做某事但实际上没做needn’thavedone过去本不必做某事但实际上做了oughtto/shouldhavedone过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedone过去不应该做某事但实际上做了mighthavedone过去本可以做某事但实际上没做第八页，共40页。*Lookingatthelargeemptyapartment,IbegantobeawareofhowlonelymymothermusthavebeeninBrazilherself.*Theboymighthaveknownthetruth,butIamnotquitesure.*Youcan’thaveseenhimjustnow.Hehasbeenabroadfornearlyamonth.第九页，共40页。*Hecouldhavegoneonregrettingit,astoomanyofusdo.*Youneedn’thaveworkedthatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhealth.*Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.*Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwereverybusythen.第十页，共40页。【 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 组训练(xùnliàn)】用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)世纪金榜p1471.You_______havetoldJimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.2.Itwasreallyannoying;I________getaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.needn’tcouldn’t第十一页，共40页。3.You_____beCarol.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.4.MrWhite______havearrivedat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.5.—Mummy,Iclimbedtogettheteddybearfromthetopoftheshelf.—Mygoodness!You______havehurtyourself.mustshouldmight第十二页，共40页。1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;didn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot高考题C第十三页，共40页。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome3.Whatwouldhavehappened,______,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherDC第十四页，共40页。5.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shallfallD.weretofallB4.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredD第十五页，共40页。类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形should+动词原形wereto+动词原形(一)虚拟语气if用于条件(tiáojiàn)状语从句中第十六页，共40页。*Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.*Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.*Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.第十七页，共40页。2.if虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句从句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成(xíngchéng)倒装;若为否定形式,not不可提前。*Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.第十八页，共40页。3.错综时间(shíjiān)条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间(shíjiān)不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间(shíjiān)加以调整。*Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(if条件句是对过去的虚拟,而主句是对现在的虚拟。)第十九页，共40页。4.含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用(bùyòng)条件句表达,而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。*Wewouldn’thavefinishedtheprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.(2)用otherwise,or等暗示(ànshì)后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。*Myparentslentmethemoney.Otherwise,Icouldn’thaveaffordedthetrip.第二十页，共40页。(3)虚拟(xūnǐ)条件通过but暗示出来,结构为“虚拟(xūnǐ)情况+but+真实情况”。*Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasillthatday.(二)目的(mùdì)状语从句中虚拟语气的用法forfearthat/incase+从句:从句谓语用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。*Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.第二十一页，共40页。(三)方式状语从句(cónɡjù)中虚拟语气的用法asif/asthough+从句(cónɡjù):(1)与现在事实相反,从句(cónɡjù)用一般过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句(cónɡjù)用过去完成时;(3)与将来事实相反,从句(cónɡjù)谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。*ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.第二十二页，共40页。二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气在“Itis+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/apity+that...”句型(jùxínɡ)中,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。*It’svitalthatwe(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.第二十三页，共40页。2.宾语(bīnyǔ)从句中的虚拟语气(1)在wouldrather(that)后的宾语(bīnyǔ)从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时;如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。*I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。第二十四页，共40页。(2)表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形(yuánxíng)”。①坚持:insist;②命令:order,command;③建议:advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:request,require,demand,ask。*Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.第二十五页，共40页。【点津】①suggest意为“表明(biǎomíng),暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。*Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。*Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenmoney.第二十六页，共40页。(3)wish后宾语(bīnyǔ)从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/could+动词原形*Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.*Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatscientistyesterday.第二十七页，共40页。3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成(gòuchéng)是“(should+)动词原形”。*Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.(2)asif,asthough引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般(yībān)过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。*Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.第二十八页，共40页。【点津】如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述(chénshù)语气。*Itsoundsasifitisraining.【点津】asif/asthough引导的从句表示很有可能(kěnéng)的事实时,不需用虚拟语气。第二十九页，共40页。4.定语从句中的虚拟语气It’s(about/high)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略(shěnglüè)),意为“某人该做某事了”。*Itishightimethatweshouldstartout.第三十页，共40页。【题组训练】单句语法填空1.IwishI_______(have)achancetotalkwithyouaboutmywritingbeforeyouleft.世纪(shìjì)金榜导学号35560207 2.Hetalkedasifhe__________(pass)theCollegeEntranceExam. hadhadhadpassed世纪(shìjì)金榜p148第三十一页，共40页。3.Heinsistedthatshe____(be)seriouslyillandthatshe______________(send)tohospitalatonce. 4.Youweretoocarelessintheexam.Otherwise,you________________(pass)it. was(should)besentwouldhavepassed第三十二页，共40页。Ⅰ.语法填空(tiánkòng)解题技法【考题在线】1.Myteachersuggestedthatwe____________(read)moreifwewanttoimproveourEnglish,soeverydayIwoulddosomeEnglishreading. 2.TheonlythingthatI________(do)wasthatIwishedheralonglife.(should)readcoulddo第三十三页，共40页。2.一旦判断(pànduàn)所给动词在句中作谓语,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,除了if虚拟条件句,还应注意虚拟语气的标志词,如suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,otherwise,or,butfor等。【技法点拨】1.若句中谓语(wèiyǔ)动词为原形,在其前设纯空格题时,注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。第三十四页，共40页。【技法点拨】做此类改错题时,需要注意以下两个方面:1.看句中情态动词是否运用正确;2.看是否考查虚拟语气。若是考查虚拟语气,注意分清(fēnqīng)主句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。第三十五页，共40页。Ⅱ.短文改错解题技法【考题(kǎotí)在线】1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.()2.(2015·四川高考)Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktothem?()3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.()can→should或去掉(qùdiào)canare→werefound→find第三十六页，共40页。Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空(tiánkòng)(必要时用其否定形式)1.—CanIpaythebillbycheck?—Sorry,sir.Butitisthemanagementruleofourhotelthatpayment________bemadeincash.2.Thegiantpandalooksverymild.Butit________beveryfiercewhenyouannoyit.3.TheplayersfromGuangzhouEvergrandeFootballClubhavebeendoingverywellrecently,sothey________winthefinalmatch.4.Thefirewassobigthatitwasseveralhoursbeforefirefighters________getitundercontrol.5.—Kate,whereisJimthesedays?—Heaskedforsickleavetheotherday.He________stayinhospital.1.shall2.can3.should4.could5.might第三十七页，共40页。6.—CanIhavesomethingtoeat,Mum?Ifeelhungry.—You________behungry.You’vejusthadsomebreadandham.7.Itwasafinedayyesterday.I________havetakenmyraincoatwithme.8.—YoutalksomuchaboutLondon.You________havebeenthere.—Yeah,Iwentsightseeingonatourlastsummer.9.—MikefailedtheEnglishexamagain.—Whatelsedidyouexpect?Don’tyouthinkhe________havespentmoretimeinstudyingEnglish?10.She________haveattendedthatmeeting,forshewasdoingpaperworkintheofficethen.6.can’t7.needn’t8.must9.should10.couldn’t第三十八页，共40页。Ⅱ.单句(dānjù)改错1.IfonlyIhavereadthebooksonthereadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.()2.Ifyoulistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.()3.Butfortherain,weshouldhaveapleasantjourneyyesterday.()4.Mysuggestionisthatwewillholdameetingthisevening.()5.IfIamyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.()答案(dáàn)：1.have→had2.在listened前加had3.在have后加had4.will→should或去掉will5.am→were第三十九页，共40页。6.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseIwouldhavetookpartinthesportsmeeting.()7.IfIleftsooner,Iwouldhavebeenontime.()8.Ihavehertelephonenumber.Youshouldcallherifyoulike.()9.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudentswillputonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus.()10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedosomethinginsteadofjusttalking.()6.took→taken7.在left前加had8.should→can/may9.will→shall10.do→did或在do前加should第四十页，共40页。