字母组合读音规则词典

字母组合读音规则 A a / (( / face late name plane take / ( / bad glad lamp plan / ( / quality quantity want wash watch what / (( / father rather 非重读 / ( / about again awake china breakfast important 非重读 / ( / accurate advantage comrade courage damage message palace passage private separate village voltage 在名词、形容词、副词词尾 非重读 / (( / celebrate dictate radiate separate 在动词词尾 aff / ((( / staff aft / ((( ( / after craft draft ai/ay / (( / brain claim faint main wait day may play say 非重读 / ( / mountain portrait holiday Sunday air / (( / chair fair hair pair stair al / (( / chalk talk walk all ball call wall / ((( / also false salt / (( / calf half balm calm palm -an- / ((( / command dance plant ar / (( / bar car dark far lark / (( / dwarf quarter war ward warm warp 非重读 /( / collar grammar particular polar sugar are / (( / care dare fare rare spare stare -ask / (((( / ask flask task -asp / (((( / grasp -ass / ((( / brass class glass pass -ast / (((( / blast fast last past -ath / ((( / bath path augh / (( / caught daughter taught au/aw / (( / author cause fault launch awful claw dawn law paw saw B b / ( / bee blast C c / ( / cake cloth cook cross cut / ( / cell cite city cycle cc / (( / accent accept accident succeed / ( / acclaim according accuse occupy ch- / (( / chalk change choose church / ( / anchor character chemistry chloride echo psychology school stomach / ( / chauffeur chef -cia- -cie- -cio- / (( / efficient sufficient delicious precious electrician social special technician ck / ( / deck kick neck pack stick D d / ( / decide deed dive do duty dge / (( / badge bridge judge lodge ridge E e / (( / he theme these we / ( / best desk egg pen well yes 非重读 / ( / excellent open sentence silent 非重读 / ( / decide event explain repeat actress careless darkness tallest wanted ea / (( / clean lease meat peace tea / ( / bread dead head lead / (( / break great / (( / idea ear / (( / dear fear hear spear tear wear / (( / bear pear wear / (( / early heard learn pearl ee / (( / green meet see steel three eer / (( / beer cheer deer engineer pioneer ei / (( / either height neither ei/ie / (( / ceiling receive brief field niece piece thief yield eigh / (( / eight freight neighbor el / (()( / level em / (()( / problem en / (()( / element even open seven student er / (( / certain her nerve person serve 非重读 / ( / conversation paper perform teacher worker ere / (( / adhere here merely / (( / there where eu/ew / ((( / feudal neutral chew dew few new ew / (( / blew crew drew Jew threw ey / (( / grey prey they 非重读 / ( / money valley F f / ( / far few fir for fun calf knife life scarf wolf G g / ( / gave go goat big leg tag / (( / gem giant courage large technology gh / ( / cough enough laugh rough tough gn / ( / campaign design foreign sign gu(e) / ( / guess guest guide language league plague H h / ( / hare head high horse house /不发音/ honor hour exhaust exhibit rhyme I i/y / (( / like nice time my why try i 非重读 /(( / criticize exercise modernize realize 在动词词尾 y 非重读 /(( / beautify classify occupy satisfy 在动词词尾 i/y / ( / is it milk myth sick wish give live 非重读 / ( / active city happy office morning 非重读 / ( / beautiful holiday possible ie / (( / die lie pie tie ia/ie/io / ((( / bias dialogue reliable quiet science society riot violet violent ei/ie / (( / ceiling receive brief field niece piece thief yield -ild / (((( / child mild wild -ind / (((( / blind find kind ig/igh / (( / sign design bright light night sigh io/iou 非重读 / (( / curious furious patriot period ir / (( / bird dirt first girl thirst 非重读 / ( / circumference ire/yre / ((( / admire fire hire require tire tyre wire J j / (( / jacket job join July just K k / ( / kettle key kitchen kite kn / ( / knee knife knit know L l / ( / lay leave light loss lust bottle castle little tall title will M m / ( / man meet mice more much dime dome bottom room -mb / ( / bomb climb comb tomb mn / ( / autumn condemn solemn （在词尾） N n / ( / name nickname niece nose cotton fatten lantern kn / ( / knee knit know ng/nk /(((/() / bang cling English finger ring thing tongue bank rink think uncle O o / (( / bone home joke no smoke so 非重读 /(( / phono photo piano potato radio tomato / ( / drop got hot lot odd / (( / do move to who / ( / come some done one son brother mother dove glove love 非重读 / ( / consider produce second seldom today oa / (( / boat coat load road soap oe / (( / doe foe hoe toe oar / (( / board coarse hoarse roar soar oi/oy / (( / boil coin hoist moist point voice annoy boy joy ploy toy -old / (((( / bold cold fold old oo / ( / foot good stood book brook cook look took / (( / boot food moon school spoon too tooth / ( / blood flood oor / (( / door floor or / (( / cord fork lord morning portion / (( / word work world worship 非重读 / ( / doctor director effort forget motor ore / (( / core fore more shore store wore -ost / (((( / most post ou / (( / group youth ou / ( / country rough touch tough trouble young ou/ow / (( / soul shoulder blow grow know show snow 非重读 /(( / sorrow tomorrow window yellow ou/ow / (( / about cloud doubt house loud mouth shout brown clown down now town 非重读 / ( / generous jealous nervous ough / (( / bought fought thought oul / ( / could should would our / ((( / flour hour sour our / (( / course court four pour our / (( / tour 非重读 / ( / colour labour neighbour owe/ower /(((/ towel vowel flower power shower P p / ( / part pear pill power cap clap deep peep ph / ( / paragraph phonograph photo phrase physics ps- / ( / pseudo-science psychology Q qu-/q / (( / quay question quick quite quotation R r / ( / race read right rotten rude wr- / ( / write wring wrong S s / ( / sack see sight slight soap start base case (在词首，在名、形容词中) / ( / closet desire is reason visit （在元音字母之间） sc / ( / scenario scene scent science scissor / (( / escape scarf scorn sculpture sh / ( / shape sheep shine shore shut ash bush cash fish wash -sia- / (( / Asian Russian -sion / ((( / decision occasion precision vision -shion -sion -tion / ((( / cushion fashion aggression impression oppression version action dictation fiction motion solution ss / ( / assistant bless class less lesson loss miss -ssure / (( / pressure -st- / ( / castle fasten listen whistle -sure / (( / exposure measure pleasure treasure sw / ( / answer sword T t / ( / take tell tooth beat taste what tch / (( / catch latch match patch watch th / ( / thank theme thin threat throat bath cloth north path tenth th(e) / ( / than there they those bathe breathe father rather weather -tia- -tie- /(( / militia partial patient potential -shion -sion -tion / ((( / cushion fashion aggression impression version action dictation fiction motion solution -stion / ((((( / combustion question suggestion -ture / ((( / adventure capture culture expenditure future U u / ((( / cute mute tune use / (( / rule true flute June / ( / but club lust must shut sun / ( / bush full put 非重读 /(( / communist instrument occupy regular 非重读 /((( / attribute attitude contribute distribute institute 在名词和动词词尾 非重读 / ( / autumn difficult industry suggest support suppose ue / (()(( / blue clue cue due glue sue true ui / ((( / nuisance suit / (( / fruit juice recruit / (()((() / suicide tuition fluid ruin ur / (( / burn fur hurt nurse surface turn urge 非重读 / ( / murmur pursue Saturday survive ure / (()(( / cure manure pure sure 非重读 / ( / figure injure V v / ( / vary vest vibrate vote vulnerable dive five give live W w / ( / wary wear wipe wool wh- / ( / what while whip why / ( / who whole whom whose wr- / ( / write wrong wring sw / ( / answer sword X x / ( ( / exact examine example exhibition exist / (( / export except exit export Y y / (( / cycle 非重读 / (( / beautify classify 非重读 / ( / city psychology clearly daily / ( / yard yet yield young youth Z z / ( / zest zoo zone ooze 元音、辅音和国际音标 说明各个字母或字母组合在什么情况下读什么音的规则，称为读音规则。 国际语音学会制定的用一个符号代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 一个音素的音标，简称国际音标。 语音的最小单位是音素, 音素有元音和辅音之分。发音时声带振动而气流在通路上不受阻碍的是元音；不论声带振动与否，气流在通路上受到这种或那种阻碍的都是辅音。元音依发音时舌面隆起部分位置的前后分为前元音、后元音和中元音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，声带振动的称为浊辅音。 consonants (辅音): （26） fricative/friction (摩擦音): （10） voiceless / ( ( ( ( ( / voiced / ( ( ( ( ( / plosive/stop （爆破音）：（6） voiceless / ( ( ( / voiced / ( ( ( / affricate （破擦音）：（6） voiceless / (( (( (( / voiced / (( (( (( / nasal （鼻音）（3） / ( ( ( / lateral （舌边音）（1） / ( / vowel: （20） front （前元音）（4） / (( ( ( ( / central （中元音）（3） / ( (( ( / back（后元音）（5） / (( ( (( ( (( / diphthong（双元音）（8） / (( (( (i ((/(( (( (( (( (( / semi-vowel/glide （半元音/滑音）（2） / ( ( / 开音节和闭音节规则 1. 开音节: 元音字母在开音节中读其字母名称音，u在字母j, l, r后面发/((/。 1) 以元音字母结尾的音节, 如be, my，no； 2) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母+e（不发音）”结尾的音节，如age, eve, ice, use; 3) 以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+（一个)辅音字母+e（不发音）”结尾的音节，如 dive, fuse, like, name, nose, plate, rule, theme; 4）以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节，也按开音节读音： blue , due, lie, see, three, tie 2. 闭音节：元音字母a, e, i/y, o, u在闭音节中分别发音为：/(/或/(/（在字母qu的组合以及字母w后面）, /(/,/(/, /(/, /(/. 1) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如add, at, egg, end, if, it, odd, up, us 2) 以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如 black , clock, fun, knit, map, net, nod, pump, quality, sit, syrup, wash; 3) 以“一个元音字母+二个辅音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节，也按闭音节读音： bridge dense hence hinge plunge revolve sense since sludge solve tinge twelve valve R音节规则 “元音+ r”构成的音节叫“R音节”，重读“R音节”的读音分别为： 1. ar / (( /: car hard mark part / (( /: war warm warp (在字母w后面) 2. er / (( /: deserve her serve verb 3. ir / (( /: bird dirty first sir virgin 4. or / (( /: cork lord port sort / (( /: word world work worst (在字母w后面) 5. ur / (( /: curb fur nurse purse 非重读“R音节”的读音均为/ ( /： circumference factor grammar meter murmur solar survival tractor under 重读-re音节, 即“元音+re”音节和“元音+r+元音”音节的规则 在多音节词中，如果“元音+r” 之后仍为元音字母，则“元音+r+元音”也多按-re音节读音，读法如下： 1） are读作/((/： care dare fare hare square ware ar(+元)读作/(((/： variable various vary wary 2) ere多读作/((/： adhere here mere revere severe er(+元)读作/(((/: imperialist material period serious 3) ire读作/(((/: faire hire require tire tyre ire ir(+元)读作/((((/: miry(泥泞的) siren spiral spiry(尖塔状的) 4) ore读作/((/: before bore core more score store or(+元)读作/(((/: boring glorious glory story 5) ure读作/(((/: cure lure manure pure secure ur(+元)读作/((((/: curious durable during fury “双r音节”规则 在多音节词中，若重读R音节后在出现一个r，即“元音+rr+元音”， 则r前面的元音字母不再按重读R音节读音，而按重读闭音节读音： barrel carry cirrus current curry ferrous ferry furrow garret harrow herring horror hurry lorry merry mirror sorry squirrel stirrup tomorrow 比较： burden carbon circle ferment harden internal morning porter purpose skirting 音节 英语单词由一个或几个音节组成，音节是说话时最小的语音片断, 每个音节常由一个元音加一个或几个辅音组成，但单独一个元音也可以构成一个音节，少数辅音如/ ( ( ( /，虽没有元音的帮助也能与前面的一个辅音构成一个非重读音节。 单词重音 1. 双音节词重读音节中的元音字母有一定的读音规则: 1) 英语双音节词的重音多数在第一个音节上: par’ty stu’dent 2) 在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母(r除外), 这个字母归右边的音节, 第一音节按重读开音节读音: stu’dent o’pen la’bour slo’gan 3) 分界线上有两个辅音字母(第一个不是r), 这两个辅音字母分别划归左右两个音节, 第一个音节按重读闭音节读音: com’rade con’cert les’son let’ter mem’ber 4) 分界线上有两个辅音字母, 第一个是r, 这两个字母可分别划归左右两音节, 第一音节按重读r音节(这条规则也适用于多音节词): cor’ner por’trait 但如果分界线上的两个辅音字母是rr, 左边的重读音节按闭音节读音： car’ry cur’rent sor’ry 5) 带有前缀a-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, en-, mis-, per-, pre-, pro-, re-, trans-, un-等的双音节词,一般在第二个音节重读: aboard’ awake’ beside’ behalf’ condemn’ condense’ connect’ decide’ disclose’ discuss’ disease’ enlarge’ enrich’ mistake’ misuse’ perform’ permit’ prepare’ produce’ renew’ repair’ report’ rewrite’ transfer’ transform’ transmit’ unkind’ unknown’ 2. 有三个以上音节的词称为多音节词。多音节词的重音多在倒数第三个音节上，该音节中的元音字母多读短音： activ’ity dif’ficult exper’iment fam’ily mon’itor partic’ular polit’ical qual’ity 3. 多音节词中的次重音有时落在主重音前的第二个音节上： sat(isfac(tory in(divid’ual appre(cia’tion congrat(ula’tion exam(ina’tion 4. 在以-graphy, -ial, -ian, -iar, -ic(-ical), -ience, -iency, -ient, -ify, -ion, -itis, -ity, -ive, -logy, -ous(-eous, -ious), -sion, -tion等后缀结尾的词中，重音通常落在它们前面的一个音节上： dicta’tion exhibit’ion exper’ience famil’iar histor’ic ideol’oly impa’tient indus’trial inven’tive mu’sic music’ian opin’ion ques’tion repub’lic situa’tion sim’plify 5. 在以-ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esce, -esque, -ette, -ique, -oo, -oon等结尾的词中，重音常常落到最后一个音节上： cartoon’ cigarette’ engineer’ entertain’ examinee’ lemonade’ picturesque’ platoon’ shampoo’ technique’ trainee’ 句子重音(sentence stress) 人们在谈话中，为了突出某一思想，对传达该意思的词重读以进行强调，这就是句子重音。 表意重音(sense stress)是句子重音中最普通、最基本的重音模式。根据这一模式，凡是在句子中表示明确概念，即具有较强的词汇意义的词都应重读。这类词主要是实词，即名词、形容词、动词、副词；感叹词、指示代词、疑问代词等也常常重读。凡是意义不强，在句中主要起造句作用的词都弱读，这类词主要是虚词，或称功能词，虚词包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、人称代词、关系代词等。 逻辑重音(logical stess)是一种特殊重音，逻辑重音按说话人的需要，为了对比或暗示，强调句中某一个或数个词，其它词（不论哪类词）则统统退居次要地位。 失去爆破 一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音时,第一个爆破音不发生爆破,亦即只由有关发音器官做好这个音的发音姿势,稍停随即发后面的爆破音, 这种现象称为失去爆破: notebook a red pen Sit down! 爆破音后面紧跟着摩擦音或破擦音时有爆破,但十分轻微: picture good student 爆破音在鼻辅音和边辅音前面有轻微的爆破: good morning Comrade Li 连读 在一个意群(sense group) (意思密切相关的一组词)中,如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个以元音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来念,这种现象叫做连读,用符号表示:  What is this? It is a pen. 辅音连缀 在英语单词中常有两个或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫做辅音连缀,例如maps, grade, desks. 读辅音连缀时必须注意: (1)第一个辅音要念得轻些,短促些; (2)不要在这些辅音之间加入元音. 主要参考书目： -- 葆青«英语语音简明教程» （商务印书馆） -- 辽宁省工科院校«基础英语»编写组 «基础英语» （人民教育出版社1977.09.02） -- 许国璋«英语»（第一册）（外研社1992.09） -- 张维友«实用英语知识精要»（湖北教育出版社1996.04） -- 胡文仲等«College English» (Revised) （第一册）（外研社1992.06） PAGE 1