英文试题：劳动经济学期末考试

Oneinterpretation,terminology(5×4=20Min)1.Seasonalunemployment:Duetochangesinclimateregularunemploymentcausedbytheimpactonproduction,consumption,knownasseasonalunemployment 2.LabourforceparticipationrateInagivenperiodoftime,inthecontextofworkingagesetbytheStateofthecommunity'spopulationproportionofjobseekersandjobseekers. 3.ElasticityoflaborsupplyCausedbychangesinratesofwage-laborsupplyandwagepercentageratesofchangeoftheratioofthepercentageofchange. 4.HouseholdproductionfunctionMeasuringhouseholdwealthandservicesfortheirownconsumptioncreatedbytheutilityfunction。 5.Internallabormarkets:Internallabourmarket,referstoaccordingtotherules,practicesandenterpriseemployeeswithinanorganizationorEnterpriseagreementoranemployeeoftheorganizationruns,enterpriseemployeeswithintheorganizationbyrecruiting,hiring,promotion,transfer,layoff,cancellationorterminationoflaborcontractmanagementsystemconsistingof. 6.Effectivedemand:Undertheconditionofeconomicactorsinitsbudgetmay,takingintoaccountmarketpricesonthelocalmarketandothermarketsandheencounteredafterquantitativerestrictions,tomaximizetheirutilityfunctionandformrequirements.  7.Involuntaryunemployment:Amarketdisequilibriumphenomena,heisnotcausedbytherealwagerateistoohighto,butbecauseoffallingdemandproductsmanufacturersalesdifficulties,ontheformationofthelaboursupplylimitthenumberofsituationsofunemployment.  Second,thesinglechoicequestions(10x1.5=15)1．Usingstandardizedresearchmethodstostudyeconomicphenomenaisthestartingpointandtheendof(a)A．Objectivefactb.ValuejudgmentC.MovementofeconomicphenomenonitselfD.Economicphenomenonofinternallogic 2.Accordingtotheconditionsoftheprincipalbalance,themainconditionsformaximumeffectivenessinresource-constrainedconditionsmustbemetare(C)A.WagerateisgreaterthanthemarginalrateofsubstitutionB.WagerateislessthanthemarginalrateofsubstitutionC.WagerateequaltothemarginalrateofsubstitutionD.Wagerateequaltothemarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution  3.Marginalproductoflabouristhe(A)A.IncreasingthelabourfactorinputandincreasetheproductionofaunitB.IncreasingthelabourfactorinputandtheincreaseinincomeofaunitC.AddaunitofthelabourfactorinputandincreaseproductvalueD.Addaunitincreaseinwagelabourfactorinputinput 4.Thefollowingispartoftheenterprisewasemployedinthedirectcosts(D)A.AnnualgrosssalaryoftheemployeeB.Employee'sannualbonusC.RecruitmentadvertisingratesD.Participateinstaffsalaries 5.Twofactorsaffectingrealwagesis(A)A.MonetarywageandpriceindexB.TimeandpriceindicesC.MonetarywagesandhoursD.Monetarywagesandpricesofsomecommodities 6.Inthelabourmarket,willmakethelaborsupplycurvetotherightofthe(A)structureA.ReducedcapacityofthetradeunionorganizationcontrollaborsupplyB.Workers'organizationlevelenhancedC.ScaleoftradeunionorganizationsD.EnterprisepriorityhiringUnionmembersLeave7.LabourlawinChina15ProvidestheminimumlegalageforemploymentinChina(B)A.15YearsoldB.16YearsoldC.17YearsoldD.18Yearsold  8.Thenewclassicalschool(D)Introducedakeytheoreticalconceptsfoundedonlabourdemandandsupply.A.MarshallB.SchultzC.AdamSmithD.Hicks 9.Reflectingthecurveistherelationshipbetweenunemploymentandinflationrates(A）A.BusyPhilippscurveB.IndifferencecurveC.KeelLorenzcurveD.Laffercurve 10.Thehorizontalaxisparalleltothelaborsupplyelasticityoflaborsupplycurves(D）A.0B.1C.TheinfinitesimalD.-infinity 11.Moneywageaffectedmainly(A）Institutionalarrangements,workrelatedtothelengthoftimeandwages.A.CurrencyratesB.MoneywageC.PriceindexD.Realwages 12.Thewageratewhenyoumaintainahighlevelandalsoatahigherlevelofincome,asthewagerate,laborsupplywouldbereduced,because(b )A.IncomeeffectisgreaterthanthesubstitutioneffectB.IncomeeffectislessthanthesubstitutioneffectC.IncomeeffectisgreaterthantheeconomiesofscaleD.Substitutioneffectislessthantheeconomiesofscale 13．Iftwotypesoflaborforcetotalcomplementaryrelationshipexists,thesetwotypesofdemandforlabour(c)A．Itselasticityofdemandisnegativeb.ItsdemandelasticityispositiveC．Crosselasticityofwagestoanegativevalued.Crossispositivewageelasticity 14.Inthelabourmarketinadynamicequilibriummodels,“Conditionofspinalinstability”Refersto(B)A.ElasticityoflaborsupplyelasticityislessthanthedemandforlabourB.ElasticityoflaborsupplyelasticitygreaterthanthedemandforlabourC.ElasticityoflaborsupplyelasticityisequaltothedemandforlabourD.Laborsupplyelasticityisequaltothemarginalrateofsubstitution Three.ShortAnswerQuestions(6×7=42Min)1.Whatarepaintandexplaintheelasticityofdemandforlabour,namelythefactorsthatinfluence?Answer:(1)Elasticityofdemandforlabourisno;（2)Elasticityofdemandforlabourislessthan1；（3)Elasticityofdemandforlabourisequalto1；（4)Elasticityofdemandforlabourisgreaterthanthe1；（5)Elasticityofdemandforlabourtoinfinity.Fromageneralsense,labordemandelasticityreferstolabordemandvariabilityinaflatwageratechanges,thatis,changesinratesofpay1%,Percentagechangesinlabourdemand.Effectlabordemandelasticoffactorsmainaroundalternativeeffectandscaleeffecttoforof,iswagerateofchangesfromtwoaaspectseffectemploymentlevel:wageraterosemakeslaborcostimprove,thusenterprisereadytotootherelementsinsteadoflabor,tomakesemployedscalebybynarrow,thisisalternativeeffectplayedrole;wagerateroseimprovehasenterpriseofmarginalcost,makesenterprisefacedwithimproveproductsofpriceandnarrowproductionscaleofpressure,tomakesemployedlevelhasreduced,thisisscaleeffectinplayedrole.  2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenlabourmarketandothermarkets?Answer:first,theworkercanonlybehiredorleased,workersdonotinthemselvesbesoldandpurchased.Second,ownershipoftheworkersonthelabourforcehasshaken.   Third,thepriceoflabornotonlyhowmuchwages,butalsotheinvestmentinhumancapitalshouldbepaidworkers.Four,laborconditionsunderwhichtheemploymentorrentingarenotjustwages,thereareotherfactorssuchaslengthofworkinghours,workingenvironmentisgoodorbad.V,labourmarketactivitiesarenotonlydeterminedbytheworkersandemployers,butalsobytheGovernment,tradeunions,employersandtheimpactofpublicopinion,andothersocialforces. 3.Timingwagewhatarethecharacteristics?Answer:Itscharacteristicisthat,inaccordancewithacertainqualityoflabortomaintainthedurationofpaymentofwages.Becauseofthetimewasthenaturalscaleoflabor,andlaborunderthepremiseofqualityguaranteed,perhourwageistobeabletomoreaccuratelyreflectthenumberoflaborprovidedbytheworker.Therefore,timingwagesystemisuser-friendly,theapplicationofthebroadrangeoflaborcanbeusedforalmostallkindsofpaymentmethods. 4.Theflowofwhataretherules?Answer:（1)Flowoflaborfromagriculturetonon-agriculturalsectors,and(2)firsttothetertiaryindustry,secondaryindustrylaborlabourflows;and(3)manuallaborerstomentallabourflows;and(4)rurallabortourbanlaborflows;and(5)inundevelopedareastodevelopedregionsorcountriesornationallabourflows. 5.Undertheplannedeconomysystem,theimplementationofenterprisecontractingsystemhaschangedthelaborneedsofbusinessdecisionmakers,thischangemainlyinwhataspects?Answer:(1)Corporatedecisionmakersconsistentwiththeobjectiveoftheenterpriseworkers,wagerestrictionsbetweentheprofitsandweaken;  （2)Theworkertargetshiftfromunderthetraditionalplannedeconomicsystemtomaximizethepursuitofleisuretomaximizemoneyincome;  （3)Theemployeescollectivelymaximizerevenueconsistentwithmaximizingpersonalincome. 6.Briefdescriptionoffactorsinfluencingthelabourforceparticipationrate.Answer:(1)Theeducationalsystemandeducationalsupplyscale(2)wagepoliciesandwagerelation  （3)Wages(4)unearnedincome  （5)Ofhouseholdproductivitychanges(6)thesocialsecuritysystem  （7)Macro-economicsituation       （8)Otherfactors,suchassocial,culturalandsocialcustoms, 7.Briefintroductionofwhatarethecharacteristicsofhumancapital?Answer:first,humancapitalisaproductioncapacityofYusentuponworkers.Second,thehumancapitalwithinfinitecreativity,canbringpersistenceofincometotheirowners,justlikeanyformofmattercanhaveamonetaryincomeascapital,canproviderealgainsforallitsusers.Third,theformationandaccumulationofhumancapitalthroughinvestmentinhumancapital,withacumulative,isaproductoftheinvestment.Thefour,similartotheinvestmentinhumancapitalandphysicalcapitalinvestment,investorshavetobeartheinvestmentrisk. 8..Formofdeferredpaymentisanotherformofwelfare,pleasebrieflydescribeitsadvantages.Answer:(1)deferredpaymentswillenableorganizationstogainastableproductionandoperationoftheexternalconditions.  (2)deferredformsofdiversityandflexibility,youcanenhancemultipleonthelabourmarketadaptability  (3)enterprisescustomextendedpaymentofbenefits,enhancestaffcohesionandteamspirit  (4)deferredpaymentscanbeanumberofthetax-freeaccumulationonthebasisoftheinsurancefund,suchastheenterprisesupplementaryold-ageinsurance,healthinsuranceenterprisecustom. Four.Essayquestions1.Trialexpositionoflaboursupplyanddemandanditsimpactonstaticequilibrium.Answer:(1)changesinlaboursupply.Inthecaseoflabordemandcurvedoesnotchange,thelaboursupplycurverightshift,theequilibriumwagerates,equilibriumemploymentincreased;laboursupplycurveleft,theequilibriumwagerate,equilibriumemployment;and(2)changesinthedemandforlabour.Inthecaseoflaborsupplycurveunchanged,labordemandcurverightshift,theequilibriumwagerate,equilibriumemploymentincreased;labordemandcurveleft,theequilibriumwagerates,equilibriumemployment;and(3)bothlaboursupplyanddemandchanges,and(4)dimensionalcompetitiveequilibriuminthelabourmarket.2.Introductionofshorteningworkinghoursonthesocio-economicimpact.P142-145原文（3）企业自定延期支付的福利项目，可以增强职工的凝聚力和团队精神