中国与美国银行系统的对比

nullChinese Banking System vs American Banking System Chinese Banking System vs American Banking System Chinese Banking systemChinese Banking systemPeople’s Bank of ChinaPeople’s Bank of ChinaThe PBC was established on December 1, 1948 based on the consolidation of the former Huabei Bank, Beihai Bank and Xibei Farmer Bank. PBC engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations. Its headquarter is in Shanghai In September 1983, the State Council decided to have the PBC function as a central bank. In 1995,The Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China was enacted, and this law was amended in 2003. PBC’s Functions PBC’s Functions Conduct monetary policy Prevent and dissolve financial risks Maintain financial stability under the leadership of the State CouncilCommercial Banks in ChinaCommercial Banks in Chinastate-owned commercial banksJoint-equity commercial banksOther Chinese Banks Foreign Commercial BanksReformReformAt first ,there four wholly state-owned commercial banks After china’s entry to the WTO, the government started to implement a phased reform. The financial restructuring started with the BOC( the Bank of China) and the CCB at the end of 2003, and then 2005 the ICBC. At present, there is only one wholly state-owned commercial bank-ABC.State-owned Commercial banks State-owned Commercial banks The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) set up in 1984 The agricultural Bank of China ( ABC) The Bank of China (BOC) The China Construction Bank (CCB) Joint-equity Commercial banks 股份制商业银行 Joint-equity Commercial banks 股份制商业银行 14 nationwide Joint-equity Commercial banks China Minsheng Bank ，Huaxia Bank ，Everbright Bank of China ，CITIC Industrial Bank ，Bank of China， Construction Bank of China Evergrowing Bank Co,ltd (恒丰银行) Shanghai Pudong Development Bank ，Bank of Communications ； China Zheshang Bank Industrial Bank （兴业银行） ； Shenzhen Development Bank ；China merchants bank(招商银行）； Guangdong Development Bank 。 Local commercial banks: Bank of Beijing Bank of Shanghai Credit Association: Rural Credit Union and Cooperative Banks post office savings bank Others Foreign Banks Foreign Banks National City Bank of New York Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation The Charted Bank Bank of East Asia Hang Seng Bank DBS Group 星展银行（中国）有限公司 PS: In 2007,the six banks mentioned above can engage in RMB business .Policy BanksPolicy BanksAgricultural Development Bank of China The State Development Bank The Export and Import Bank of ChinaPolicy Banks Policy Banks These three policy banks were established in 1994 to facilitate the separation of policy banking from commercial baking operations They play a special role in financing major infrastructural projects and promoting agricultural development and international trade and investment null美国金融体系美国金融体系 A Brief History A Brief History the 1st bank –1782.1, Bank of North America was set up officially managed privately 1791-the first bank of the United States 1817-the second bank of the United States free-banking era: 1837-1862, US has no official central banks 1862-1913，a national bank was formed null截止到1995年底，美国共有商业银行12067家，比高峰时期已经减少了36％。 至2003年年底美国有7800多家银行。 在美国银行体系中，资本在10亿美元以下的小银行占了绝大多数。美国的8500家银行中，中小银行占银行总数的八成，却只控制着总计11.4%的银行资本。 NewsNews美国银行业监管部门——联邦储蓄保险公司（FDIC）2009年2月26日公布的 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 显示，随着住房和信贷危机升级，去年第四季度美国银行业出现18年来的首次季度亏损。 　　报告说，美国商业银行和吸储机构去年第四季度共亏损262亿美元，为1990年第四季度以来的首次季亏，也是FDIC开始此项统计25年来的最高季度亏损额。去年全年，美国银行业共实现盈利161亿美元，为1990年以来最低。 　　报告显示，在全美约8500家商业银行和吸储机构中，截至第四季度末共有252家被列入“问题银行”名单，远高于第三季度末的171家；银行业“问题资产”（即还款逾期90天以上的贷款）从前一季度的1160亿美元升至1590亿美元。 　　年初以来，共有14家商业银行和吸储机构被关闭，去年全年为25家。FDIC估计，银行倒闭事件不断增加将使该机构的“存款保险基金”在未来4年内损失约400亿美元。截至去年年底，该基金余额为189亿美元，远低于一年前的524亿美元，为1993年以来最低水平。Federal Reserve BanksFederal Reserve BanksU.S. FRS was established in 1913, when there existance of a lot shortcomings. Currently, there are 12 regional federal reserve banks and 25 branches. nullFederal Reserve Bank of Boston/ NY/ Philadephia/ Cleveland/ Richmand/ Atlanta/ Chicago/ ST. Louis/ Minneapolis/ Kansas City/ Dallas/ San FranciscoFunctions of FRSFunctions of FRSMonetary policy Treasury agent Supervision of private banks Prevent and dissolve financial risks Commercial Banking System Commercial Banking System The biggest institution for deposits, almost controling ¾ of the national deposits. 50 biggest ones and 10 super ones National banks Categories State banks Non-state member banks Others：private banks，banker's banks，Trusts，industrial banks and some saving banks。null美国的商业银行总是和大财团有着密切相关，并与其财团所拥有的大公司有着密切的金融关系和人事结合关系Some Famous Commercial Banks Some Famous Commercial Banks Citibank and Citigroup Inc. Bank of America and Bank America Corp. JP Morgan Chase nullChemical banks and Chemical New York Corp. Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company US Bancorp （美国合众银行） United Commercial Bank (联合银行集团 ) nullWachovia Washington Mutual Sun Trust bankers trust companySavings InstitutionsSavings InstitutionsMutual savings banks美国互助储蓄银行 Savings and loan associations 储蓄放款协会 Credit union 信贷公会 Specialized financial institutions of the Government 政府专业金融机构Specialized financial institutions of the Government 政府专业金融机构 Agricultural credit institutions Federal Land Banks Federal Intermediate Credit Bank Banks for Cooperatives Federal Home Loan Bank System Home credit institutions Federal National Mortgage Association Federal deposit insurance corporation Export -import bank of the United States nullreferences: http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/renhangjianjie/responsibilities.asp