中国传统文化英语翻译

.1.香囊(scentedsachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromaticherbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peonyflower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。翻译：Scentedsachets,alsocalled“fragrantbags”inancienttimes,arebagsusuallysewedwithclothorweavedwithmulticolorsilkthreadsandstuffedwitharomaticherbs.Thefragrantbagswereoriginallyusedforabsorbingsweat,repellinginsectsandwardingoffevils.Scentedsachetsarenotonlyuseful,butalsoornamental.Theycomeindifferentshapesandsizes,suchasround,ovalandmanyothers.Andtheyarenormallydecoratedwithelaboratepatterns,witheachpatternsymbolizingaspecialmeaning.Forinstance,adouble-fishordouble-butterflypatternsmybolizesthelovebetweenamanandawoman;patternslikelotusorpeonyflowerssymbolizewomen;pineandcranepatternssymbolizelongevityandaguavapatternisthesymboloflotsofchildren.Anicescentedsachetisnotjustanornament,butmoreofsomethingthatcontainsculturalandhistoricalrichness.2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。翻译：ChinesefolkartandChinesephilosophyareunifiedinthebeliefthatyin-yangproducesalllivingthingsintheworld.OriginatedinChineseprimitivesociety,thiswasthephilosophicalexplanationofhuman'sperceptionoflife.Chineseancestorsphilosophicalconclusionwasto“lookatoneselfupcloseandothercreaturesfromafar”，whichisessentialtotheunderstandingoftheprimitivearttothefolkartofthenation.Toliveandtocontinuelifethroughpropagationarethetwoinstinctivedesiresofhuman.Frombirth,aperson'sfirstinstinctistosurvive,andthentolivealonglife.Fromprimitivesocietytothepresentday,theviewofyin-yangandperpetuallifehaspermeatedinallaspectsofsociallifeandthenationalcultureofChinesesociety.Chinesefolkartreflectsallofthebasicphilosophicalconcepts.3.象棋(Chinesechess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。..翻译：Chinesechessisatwo-playerboardgamesprangfrommilitarystrategiesintheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesperiods.Theearly-stageChinesechessconsistedofthreecomponents:chesspieces，diceandboard.There’snodiceinmodemChinesechess.Andtiiegameisdififerraitfromitsancientcounteipartintennsofpiecesandboard.Theboardis9lineswideby10lineslong,withatotalof90crossingpoints.Thegridsformedaresquare.Thepiecesareplacedandmovedonthecrossingpoints.Thetwoplayersconductarepresentationalmilitarybattleontheboardbydeployinghorsesandchariotsandorganizingtroopsbasedontbeirunderstandingofthelayoutofdiegameandtheplayingrules.Currently,Chinesechesshasbeenintroducedtothewholeworid,givingaboosttotheefforttocarryonanddeveloptraditionalChineseculture.4.围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(boardgame)。围棋已有3000多年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至15分钟，长至数天。但是多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。难怪围棋已经流行了几千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。翻译：Weiqiisastrategicboardgamebetweentwoplayers.Withahistoryofover3,000years,thegamecanberegardedastheoriginatorofallancientchessgames.TherulesofWeiqiareverysimplebuttherearecountlessvariationsofstrategies.Thisiswherethebeautyofthegamelies.Thetimeforoneroundofweiqicanbeasshortas15minutesoraslongasafewdays.Inmostcases,though,ittakesoneortwohourstofinishoneround.Weiqiisagamethatcombinesscience,artandcompetition.It'sbeneficialforintelligencedevelopment,personalitycultivationandflexiblestrategylearning.It'snowonderthegamehavingbeenpopularforthousandsofyearsandisgraduallybecominganinternationalculturalgame.5.杂技(acrobatics)是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 演。杂技常和广泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏(circus)、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。中国乃至世界都有很多来自吴桥的杂技演员。中国杂技界有句话叫做:没有吴桥人不成杂技班。翻译：Acrobaticsistheperformancethatshowsexcellentskillsofbalanceandactioncoordination.Acrobaticsismostoftenassociatedwithactivitiesthatmakeextensiyeuseofgymnasticskills,suchascircusandgymnastics,butmanyotheractivities，suchaswushu,balletanddivingmayalsoadoptelementsofacrobatics.WuqiaoiswellknownasthehometownofacrobaticsinChina.ItissaidthatallresidentsinWuqiao,fromkidslearningtowalktotheoldwithgreysomeacrobatics.Youngpeoplepracticetheartduringthebreaksfromwork.Manyfamilieshavetheiruniqueskillshandeddownthroughgenerations.ThereareacrobatsfromWuqiaoAroughoutChina,eventheworld.AsaChineseacrobaticsfield,ifyoudon'thaveanacrobatfromWuqiao,youcan'thaveanacrobaticstroupe...1.中国菜举世闻名，而菜名更是诙谐有趣，妙趣横生，充满中国人的智慧。很多菜名用字典雅瑰丽，充满吉祥喜庆之气，诸如把豆苗(beanseedling)比作“龙须”，鸡蛋美名“芙蓉(Confederaterose)”或“凤凰”，鸡爪称“凤爪”，豆腐(tofu)叫成“白玉”，等。不少菜名豪华气派，美不可言，有种汤叫“珍珠玛瑙(agate)翡翠汤”，只是豆腐、番茄加青菜。一些含有祝贺或象征吉祥的菜名，如竹笋炒排骨是“步步高升”。有些菜名采用的是成语，萝卜丝上放根红辣椒表示“踏雪寻梅”。翻译：Chinesedishesareworld-famous,andthedishnamesarehumorous,interestingandfullofwits,fullyembodyingthewisdomofChinesepeople.Manydishesarenamedwithelegantandmagnificentcharactersandarefullofauspiciousandfestiveatmosphere.Forexample,thebeanseedlingiscalled“dragonbeard”，eggiscalled“Confederaterose”or“phoenix”，chickenclawiscalled“phoenixtalon”，tofuiscalled“whitejade”andsoon.Manydishnamesareinluxuriousstyleandtheirbeautyisbeyondwords.Forexample，thereisasoupcalled“soupofpearl,agateandjade”，butitsingredientsareonlytofu,tomatoesandvegetables.Somedishnamesexpresscongratulationorsymbolizeauspiciousness,suchasporkribsfriedwithbambooshootsiscalled“higherandhigher'Somedishnamesareidioms，suchasturnipstripswitharedpepperiscalled“lookingforplumflowerswhiletreadingonthesnow”.2.景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的“千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blueandwhiteporcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂(People'sPorcelainFactory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。翻译：Jingdezhen，locatedinthenortheastofJiangxiProvince，isfamousforporcelainandishonoredas“homeofporcelainforthousandsofyears”inChina.AmongdifferenttypesofporcelainproducedinJingdezhen，blueandwhiteporcelainisthemostrenowned.BlueandwhiteporcelainreacheditspeakintheQingDynasty.BlueandwhiteporcelainfromJingdezhenrankedfirstforitsfineproduction.AfternewChinawasfounded,People'sPorcelainFactorywassetupinJingdezhentoproduceblueandwhiteporcelainspecially.BlueandwhiteporcelainfromJingdezheniselegantlyshaped，richincoloranddelicatelydecorated.ItisoneofthefourfamoustraditionaltypesofporcelaininJingdezhen,andenjoysthereputationof“ever-greenblueandwhiteporcelain”.Blueandwhiteporcelainhasbeensoldtocountriesallovertheworldandislikedbypeoplearoundtheworld.3.脸谱(facialmakeup)是指中国传统戏剧—京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。它在色彩、形式和类型上有一定的格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆、粉和油彩画成，基本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸(SanKuaiWaLian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻子周围形状各异的白色小块,可以辨别出丑角(Chouactors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称小花脸。..翻译：FacialmakeupreferstothecolorfulpaintingonthefaceoftheactorsinPekingOpera,whichisatraditionalChineseopera.Ithascertainformatintermsofcolor,designandtype.Red，yellow，white，black，purple，greenandsilverarethemaincolorsusedforfacialmakeuptorepresentdifferentcharacters.Thefacialdesignsfortherolesaremadebypainting,powderingandcoloringinthebasicformsofZhengLzan(keepingthebasicfacepattern)，SanKuaiWaLian(three-sectionface)andSuiLian(fragmentaryface).Thesetypesarewidelyusedtorepresentgenerals,officials，heroes,godsandghosts.TheChou(clown)actorscanberecognizedbythepatchofwhiteinvariousshapespaintedaroundtheeyesandnose.Sometimesthesepatchesareoutlinedinblack,oftencalledXiaoHuaLian(partlypaintedface).4.唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln),烧制出一种青白瓷(bluishwhiteporcelain)。青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。翻译：IntheTangDynasty,peoplestartedtobuildkilnstomakebluishwhiteporcelaininChangnan.Thebluishwhiteporcelainwasglitteringandhadthereputationofartificialjade,soitbecamefamoushomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlargeamount.Atthattime,Europeanswerenotabletomakeporcelain,soporcelainfromChina，especiallyfromChangnan，waswarmlywelcomed.InEurope，porcelainfromChangnanwasluxuriousarticlecherishedbyeveryone,andobtainingevenonepieceofitwouldmakepeoplefeelveryproud.Inthisway，EuropeansusedChangnanasthecodenameforchina(porcelain)andtheplaceofitsproduction，China.Gradually,EuropeansforgottheoriginalmeaningofChangnan，onlyrememberingitis“china”，namely“China”.5.刺绣(embroidery)是中国艺术中一颗璀燦的明珠。从华丽的龙袍到今日的时装，刺绣为我们的文化和生活增添了许多乐趣。中国记载的最古老的刺绣可追溯至商朝。在当时，刺绣象征着社会地位。随着国民经济的发展，刺绣走进普通人的生活。对于足不出户的女子来说，刺绣是一种优雅的工作。想象一下，一位美丽的年轻女子在家刺绣:一针一线，她为爱人绣一对鸳鸯(mandarinduck)。寒冷的冬日，屋子里充满香气。多么美丽动人的画面啊!翻译：EmbroideryisabrilliantpearlinChineseart.Fromthemagnificentdragonrobeswornbyemperorstotoday'sfashions,embroideryaddsagreatdealofpleasuretoourcultureandlife.TheoldestembroideryonrecordinChinadatesfromtheShangDynasty.Embroideryinthisperiodsymbolizedsocialstatus.Asthenationaleconomydeveloped,embroideryenteredthelifeofthecommonpeople.Embroideiywasaneleganttaskforladieswhowereforbiddentogooutoftheirhomes.Imagineabeautifulyoungladyembroideringathome:stitchbystitch,she;embroidersapairofmandarinducksforherlover.Itisacoldwinterdayandtheroomisfilledwithsweetsmell.Whatatouchingandbeautifulpicture!..1.中国是茶的故乡。唐代以前，中国茶叶通过陆路和水路出口，先是出口到日本和朝鲜，之后出口到印度和中亚。明清时期，出口到了阿拉伯半岛(ArabianPeninsula)。17世纪早期，中国茶叶出口到欧洲，自此，欧洲的上层阶级开始饮茶。中国文化渗透着茶的精神，全国有很多种茶叶、茶馆、茶的传说、茶工艺品和饮茶习俗。杭州西湖以产上等绿茶著称;在云南等中国西南省份，少数民族受外国文化影响较小，原始茶产地仍然保留着饮茶仪式和习俗。翻译：Chinaisthehometownoftea.BeforetheTangDynasty,Chineseteawasexportedbylandandsea，firsttoJapanandKorea,thentoIndiaandCentralAsia,andintheMingandQingDynasties,totheArabianPeninsula.Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury,ChineseteawasexportedtoEurope，wheretheupperclassstartedtodrinktea.TeaspiritpermeatesChineseculture,andthroughoutthecountrytherearemanykindsoftea，teahouses,tealegends,teaartifactsandteacustoms.TheWestLakeinHangzhouisfamousforitsexcellentgreentea;andprovincesinsouthwestChinalikeYunnanwhereflieethnicgroupswerelessaffectedbyforeignculturesstillkeepteaceremoniesandcustomsinoriginaltea-growingareas.2.汉字(Chinesecharacters)是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文字。汉字多达6万个，但常用的基本汉字只有6000个左右。据权威专家估计，汉字有5000多年的历史，最初源于记录事情的图片。从古至今，从甲骨文(Jiaguwen)到我们今天书写用的楷体(Kaiti)，汉字的形式和结构发生了很大改变。历史上，汉字被朝鲜、日本、越南等国借鉴，因此也促进了国际交流。在现代，中国人民用各种方法将汉字输人电脑，进行信息处理。事实证明，汉字充满了生机与活力。翻译：TheChinesecharactersareoneoftheoldestcharactersintheworld,andareusedbythemostusers.Chinesecharactersareupto60,000,butonlyabout6,000basiconesareoftenused.Asauthoritiesestimate,Chinesecharactershaveahistoryofover5,000years,andtheyoriginatefrompicturesforkeepingrecords.Fromancienttomoderntimes,theformsandstructuresofChinesecharactershavechangedmuch,evolvingfromJiaguwen(oraclebonescript),toKaiti(regularscript)weusenow.Inhistory,ChinesecharacterswereborrowedbyKorea,Japan,andVietnam,therebyimprovinginternationalcommunication.Inmoderntimes,ChinesepeoplehavebymanymeanssolvedtheproblemofinputtingChinesecharactersintocomputerstoserveinformationprocessing.IthasbeenborneoutthatChinesecharactersarefullofvigorandvitality.3.曲艺是指民谣、说书和相声等民间说唱艺术形式。作为中国古代的表演艺术，曲艺是不同表演类型的统称，表现形式为说、唱或二者兼有。作为独立的艺术，曲艺兴起于唐朝中期，繁荣于宋朝。曲艺深植于中国，分为三大类型、400个曲种。三大类型是:说书、说唱艺术、笑话。说书既可以只用语言，也可以配乐。北方最典型的无伴奏类型是评书(Pingshu)。笑话最重要的形式是相声。说唱艺术似乎听众最多。在口音或音乐方面，每种类型都有强烈的地方色彩。翻译：Quyireferstofolkvocalartformssuchasballadsinging,story-tellingandcrosstalk.AsanancientperformingartinChina,quyiisageneraltermthatcoversseveral..differenttypesofperformancesinwhichspeech,singingorbothareused.Asanindependentart,itwasformedinthemiddleTangDynastyandflourishedintheSongDynasty.DeeplytakingrootinChina,theartisdividedintothreestylesandsubdividedinto400parts.Thethreemajorstylesarestory-telling,story-singing,andjoke-telling.Story-tellingcanbeeitherwordsonly,orwordswithmusic.Oneofthemostrepresentativenon-musicstylesintheNorthiscalledPingshu.Themostimportantformofjoke-tellingiscrosstalk.Story-singingseemstohavethelargestaudience.Eachstylehasastronglocalflavorineitheritsaccentormusic.4.24节气(24solarterms)是统称，包括12节气(12majorsolarterms)和12中气(12minorsolarterms),它们彼此之间相互关联。24节气反映了天气变化，指导农业耕作，也影响着人们的生活。春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法(calendar)。公元前104年，24节气最终确立。众所周知，中国是个有着悠久农业发展史的国家。农业生产受自然规律影响极大。在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排农业生产活动。24节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。翻译：The24solartermsisawholenameofthesystemthatconsistsof12majorsolartermsand12minorsolarteimslinkedwitheachother.Itreflectstheclimatechange,guidesagriculturearrangementsandalsoaffectspeople'slife.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod,peoplebegantousesolartermsasthesupplementarycalendar.Itwasin104B,C.thatthe24solartermswerefinallysetdown.Asweallknow,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistoryofagriculture.Agriculturalproductionislargelyinfluencedbythelawsofnature.Inancienttimes,farmersarrangedtheiragriculturalactivitiesaccordingtothemoveof:thesun.Itisthefactthatthe24solartermstakesintoaccountthepositionofthesunthatmakesusattachimportancetoit.5.当来中国的游客发现一桌 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的8人晚宴有4道凉菜、4道热菜，并配以汤和米饭时，他们往往会感到惊讶。一桌标准的宴席(banquet)包括4~8道准备好的凉菜，8道热菜—每次只上1道热菜，以及2-4道观赏大菜(whole-sizedshowpiecedish)。同坐一张桌子的人互相敬酒时通常会“干杯(GanBei)”。“干杯”是指举起酒杯,将酒全部喝完，让玻璃杯或酒杯“连最后一滴也干了”。人们干杯时传递给别人的信息是：自己是真诚、快乐的。向主人敬酒时，国人更愿意接受的方式是喝一小口而不是喝干整杯。翻译：VisitorstoChinaareoftensurprisedwhenastandarddinnerforatableofeightpeopleconsistsoffourcoursesofcolddishesandfourcoursesofhotdishes,coupledwithsoupandsteamedrice.Astandardbanquetconsistsoffourtoeightpreparedcolddishes,eighthotdishesservedoneatatime,andtwotofourwhole-sizedshowpiecedishes.Peopleatatableusually“GanBei"whentoastingtoeachother.“GanBei”meanstoraiseone'swineglassanddrinkitallthewaydownsothattheglassorcupis“drieduptothelastdrop”.Peopledrinkuptheirwinetocommunicatethemessagetoothersthattheyaresincereandjoyful.Itisquiteacceptableforaforeignguesttotakeasipinsteadofemptyingtheglasswhentoastingtohisorherhost....