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www.hygy1688.com 衬塑复合管 涂塑复合管 钢塑复合管-Happy Ending and Balance

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www.hygy1688.com 衬塑复合管 涂塑复合管 钢塑复合管-Happy Ending and BalancenullHappy Ending and BalanceHappy Ending and Balancetwo internet behavior change interventions for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction, respectively My PhD-thesis: Digital Behavior Change Interventions and Smoking Cessation Testing the Efficacy and Descr...

www.hygy1688.com  衬塑复合管 涂塑复合管 钢塑复合管-Happy Ending and Balance
nullHappy Ending and BalanceHappy Ending and Balancetwo internet behavior change interventions for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction, respectively My PhD-thesis: Digital Behavior Change Interventions and Smoking Cessation Testing the Efficacy and Describing the Rationale of a Fully Automated Smoking Cessation Intervention (Happy Ending), delivered by means of the Internet, Computers and Cell-phones. (Submitted June 2009)My PhD-thesis: Digital Behavior Change Interventions and Smoking Cessation Testing the Efficacy and Describing the Rationale of a Fully Automated Smoking Cessation Intervention (Happy Ending), delivered by means of the Internet, Computers and Cell-phones. (Submitted June 2009)Brendryen, H., & Kraft, P. (2008). Happy Ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi-media smoking cessation intervention. Addiction, 103, 478-484. Brendryen, H., Drozd, F., & Kraft, P. (2008). A Digital Smoking Cessation Program Delivered Through Internet and Cell Phone Without Nicotine Replacement (Happy Ending): Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10, e51. Brendryen, H., Kraft, P., & Schaalma, H. (submitted). Looking inside the black box: Using Intervention Mapping to describe the development of the automated smoking cessation intervention Happy Ending. Journal of Smoking Cessation.http://www.tdzl.net/ 天津塔吊租赁 河北塔吊租赁 西安塔吊租赁 塔吊租赁 http://www.u51688.com/Starting all over again: Evaluating the web-based alcohol-reduction intervention, BalanceStarting all over again: Evaluating the web-based alcohol-reduction intervention, BalanceQualitative interviews (already initiated) Testing the user acceptance (adoption rate) in three populations: employees, students, surgery inpatients RCT – efficacy trial (this winter)Happy Ending & Balance are similar Happy Ending & Balance are similar Internet & cell-phone Multi-media: text, pictures, and audio content Fully automated Intended for the masses Core idea: Clients need different help at different times – TUNNELLING! New information every day Email with link to a web-page, every day Restricted access to information (time & person) Allows tracking of “objective” treatment adherenceHappy Ending & Balance are similarHappy Ending & Balance are similarSupports the self-regulatory processes required for behavior change Targeting mood, willpower, and motivation Focus on lapse prevention (prior to lapses) and relapse prevention (after lapses) The target behavior is monitored continuously Efficacy trials (RCTs)Challenges of running clinical trials on internet behavior change interventionsChallenges of running clinical trials on internet behavior change interventionsDesigning and running such trials is not as easy as it seems – the perfect trial is illusive – and I guess that’s why you are here? In the following, I will outline a selection of challenges/questions/tradeoffs Feel free to contribute/discussChoosing the control ”treatment”Choosing the control ”treatment”Should there be treatment at all? Waiting list control Nocebo effect? When people sign up for a trial they expect “something” We wanted something that “felt like” a realistic treatment without actual effect Should the control treatment resemble the real treatment on important aspects (e.g. media channel)? I.e. a web-based “mock-up” control intervention Expensive & tradeoff: realism vs. no effect? I did: Happy Ending vs booklet / booklet + NRT Hope to do: Balance vs. screening only Follow-up / data collection / timeline (Happy Ending and Smoking cessation)Follow-up / data collection / timeline (Happy Ending and Smoking cessation)”Standard” long-term: 6 or 12 months Multiple follow ups are common Long follow up time = big noise All other factors than treatment will have an increased effect over time and hence tend to level out group differences I did: 1+3+6+12 months A mistake? Four questionnaires might be considered an intervention in itself (particularly among people that were motivated to quit anyway) I will show you some data on that afterwards Taking the intervention into consideration Happy Ending: 2 weeks + 1 months + 11 months (1 contact a week) Better to have one short term (1m) and one long term follow-up (6m/13m) instead? (Will do that with Balance)Choosing the main outcomeChoosing the main outcomeQuit attempt12 m. postRepeated point prevalence abstinenceContinuous abstinenceProlonged abstinence (initial grace period)Point prevalence abstinenceResponse rate and Repeated Point Prevalence Abstinence (RPPA) Response rate and Repeated Point Prevalence Abstinence (RPPA) “Recycling” we wanted to capture only the recycling due to the treatment (relapse prevention) and leave out the recycling due to multiple and “clearly separated” cessation attempts RPPA defines abstinence as abstinence on all (four) follow-ups PPA = 7 days with no smoking We applied ITT – i.e. 4 x ITT Generally low response rate in web-research RPPA+ITT was a gamble i did not immediately realize …Response rateResponse rate Trial 1 Trial 2 ——————— ——————— Treatment Control Treatment Control —————————————————————— 1 month 98.5 97.0 96.5 87.0 3 months 93.4 91.0 93.8 89.7 6 months 95.4 94.0 86.1 82.2 12 months 95.9 91.5 91.0 83.3 ——————————————————————How did it happen? Web-questionnaires + phone Cell phone (not ground line) Time of day/week (a long) baseline questionnaire completed (before randomization) Motivated quitters AdultsPoint abstinence (PA) vs Repeated PA – trial 1Point abstinence (PA) vs Repeated PA – trial 1Point abstinence (PA) vs Repeated PA – trial 2Point abstinence (PA) vs Repeated PA – trial 2Mediation and timelineMediation and timelineBaseline & randomizationPredefined quit daywhen do we measure the potential mediators?Active quit phase2 week preparation phase Smoke as usualAbstinence measuredMediationMediationHow to select potential mediators? For what purpose? When do we measure the mediators, relative to the main outcome and the other measures? Can the target behavior (main outcome) confound the mediation analysis? Say you find a partial mediation of treatment effect over self-efficacy; self-efficacy measured at one month post and smoking cessation at six months post Is there a trade-off between process evaluation and efficacy testing? Might require several additional follow-ups Measuring every thinkable mediator would require a massive questionnaire
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