大å-¦è‹±è¯-å…-级真题2012å¹´06月
Part â… Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled
The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication following the outline
below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
1ã€
The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication
Part â…¡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
from-the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the
sentences with the information given in the passage.
The Three-Year Solution
Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes this offer to
well-prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and
save about $43,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees. A number of innovative
colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money.
That's both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the
world.
The United States has almost all of the world's best universities. A recent Chinese
survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our
research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that
help Americans produce 25% of all the world's wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world's
brightest students were attracted to American universities.
Yet, there are signs of peril (å±é™©) within American higher education. U.S.
colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public,
private, nonprofit, for-profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition,
almost all of the $32 billion the federal government provides for university research is
awarded competitively.
But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the
fall-to-spring "school year" hasn't changed much since before the American Revolution,
when we were a nation of farmers and students put their books away to work the soil
during the summer. That long summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George
Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college
uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year. "While
college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute
to the high cost of running a college," he has written.
Within academic departments, tenure (终身èŒä½), combined with age-
discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current
in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and
innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles (压制) them: younger professors
must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like mindedness
and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.
Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan
debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find,
and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The
average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has
stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced
by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.
Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other
forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack
of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice
as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.
For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of
doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree
means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16
first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school's new
three-year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability,
highly motivated students who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward
advanced degrees.
By eliminating that extra year, three-year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of
taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four-
week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus,
including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student
may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three-year students get first crack at course
registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their
pay.
The three-year degree isn't a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson
College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option
for 40 years. Students attend "short terms" in May and June to earn the credits required
for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among
other colleges offering three-year options.
Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to
earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college
today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of
college-level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of
Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.
For students who don't plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan
may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University
Medical School's residency (ä½é™¢åŒ»ç”Ÿ) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt's
undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did
four or five of his classmates. "My first year of medical school counted as my senior
year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I
basically skipped my senior year," says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator
and meet his wife.
There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one,
it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (é¨æ¸¸) intellectually. Compressing
everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in
extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean
fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor's class. Iowa's Waldorf College has
graduated several hundred students in its three-year-degree programs, but is now phasing
out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year
experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary
of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the
workforce.
"Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a
way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth," Derek Bok,
former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. "I strongly disagree with this
approach." Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less
revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.
Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most schools. Those that wish to
tackle tradition and make American campuses more cost-conscious may find it easier to
take Trachtenberg's advice: open campuses year-round. "You could run two complete
colleges, with two complete faculties," he says. "That's without cutting the length of
students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more."
Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge
the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay
competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.
Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than
asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or
asking students for even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient
schedules along with more-focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a
competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations
can help American universities avoid the perils of success.
1〠Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?
A) To create chances for the poor. B) To cut students' expenses.
C) To enroll more students. D) To solve its financial problems.
2〠By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that______.
A) American universities are resistant to change
B) the summer vacation contributes to student growth
C) college facilities could be put to more effective use
D) the costs of running a university are soaring
3〠The author thinks the tenure system in American universities______.
A) suppresses creative thinking B) creates conflicts among colleagues
C) guarantees academic freedom D) is a sign of age discrimination
4〠What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick?
A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.
B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether.
C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week.
D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge.
5〠What do we learn about Judson College's three-year degree program?
A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students
only.
C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer.
6〠What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three
years?
A) Curriculums have been adapted to students' needs.
B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.
C) More elective courses are offered in high school.
D) The overall quality of education has improved.
7〠What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program?
A) Students have to cope with too heaw a workload.
B) Students don't have much time to roam intellectually.
C) Students have little time to gain practical experience.
D) Students don't have prized professors to teach them.
8〠College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the
workforce might pose a threat to______.
9〠Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly changing
world in order to ______.
10〠Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will
be more attractive to ______.
Part â…¢ Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11〠A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.
B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.
C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.
D) The doctor's therapy has been very successful.
12〠A) The man could watch the ballet with her. B) She happened to have bought
two tickets.
C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man. D) Her schedule conflicts with her
sister's.
13〠A) He will send someone right away. B) He has to do other repairs first.
C) The woman can call later that day. D) The woman can try to fix it herself.
14〠A) Take up a collection next week. B) Give his contribution some time
later.
C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma. D) Borrow some money from the woman.
15〠A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to
his mother.
C) Tell Tony's mother that she eats no meat. D) Add more fruits and vegetables to
her diet.
16〠A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media.
C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers.
17〠A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.
B) Check the number of people who have registered.
C) Provide people with advice on career development.
D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.
18〠A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the
campus.
C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19〠A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.
B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the mate one.
C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.
D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.
20〠A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first.
C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank.
21〠A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received
more rewards.
C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins'
reach.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22〠A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room.
C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm.
23〠A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.
B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.
C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.
D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.
24〠A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.
B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.
C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.
D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.
25〠A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air.
C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26〠A) He provides counseling for university students
B) He teaches psychology at Ohio State University.
C) He has experience tutoring black students.
D) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.
27〠A) Students who scored low on standardized tests.
B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.
C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.
D) Black students from families with low incomes.
28〠A) They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester.
B) They were more appreciative of the university's housing policy.
C) They generally spent more time together than white pairs.
D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.
29〠A) Their racial attitudes improved. B) Their test scores rose gradually.
C) They grew bored of each other. D) They started doing similar activities.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30〠A) It will become popular gradually. B) It will change the concept of food.
C) It has attracted worldwide attention. D) It can help solve global food crises.
31〠A) It has been increased over the years. B) It has been drastically cut by
NASA.
C) It is still far from being sufficient. D) It comes regularly from its donors.
32〠A) They are less healthy than we expected. B) They are not as expensive as
before.
C) They are more nutritious and delicious. D) They are not as natural as we
believed.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33〠A) He has bitter memories of childhood. 13) He was accused of family
violence.
C) He is a habitual criminal. D) He was wrongly imprisoned.
34〠A) The jury's prejudice against his race. B) The evidence found at the crime
scene.
C) The two victims' identification. D) The testimony of his two friends.
35〠A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.
B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.
C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the lawyer's questions.
D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is
read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the
passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered
from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44
to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can
either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your
own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what
you have written.
About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken
families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36)
improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) said.
Mexico's economy suffered more than any other in Latin America last year, (38) an
estimated 7 percent due to a (39) in U.S. demand for Mexican exports such as cars.
The (40) led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids who left (41) or
middle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42) the nation's adult
education program and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates.
" (43) rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult," Castro told Reuters
in an interview earlier this month. (44) . As a result, drop-out rates will not improve
much, Castro said.
"There will be some improvement, but not significant," Castro said.
(45) . And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.
(46) . Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax, energy and labor
laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile.
Part â…£ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete
statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the
statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions through a variety of strategies~ But while much of the research and innovation
has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternativ
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