53-A Quick Review

nullnullA Quick Reviewnull这你怎么解释？null Acknowledgement Some slides in this presentation contain material taken from Michael Alley. The Craft of Scientific Writing, 3rd edition; Springer-Verlag; New York, 1996. These slides are identified with the following logo: Scientific WritersScientific Writers Here are two reasons why writers are unable to see why their writing can’t be understood by readers: Writers believe what they write is extremely clear. They understand it. They can’t understand why others do not find their writing clear. Scientists consider available writing skills courses are good for school children, but not for highly educated scientists. null Scientific writing is a craft. It consists of skills that are developed through study and practice. Moreover, scientific writing is not mystical. In fact, scientific writing is straightforward. Scientific writing is not magic.Eureka! PublicationnullTO INFORMWhen the purpose of the writing is to inform, you write in a style that communicates the most amount of information in the least amount of reading time.TO PERSUADEWhen the purpose of the writing is to persuade, you write in a style that presents logical arguments in the most convincing manner.nullI wish that I could tell you that scientific writing is easy. Unfortunately, that’s not the way scientific writing is. Scientific writing is hard work. Scientific writing is not easy.nullGood scientific writing cannot be achieved through an injection.EnglishScientistnullThey must write. Then, they must rewrite.Then, they must rewrite again.Write, write, write, and write again.nullGood writing is Re-writing.nullA good paper is a bad paper re-written.nullDon’t worry about mistakes.At this point, don’t worry about mistakes. The only person who never makes a mistake in English grammar is the person who never uses English.null英文Fourth, fifth, sixth…Re-writeUsing English, rewrite paying close attention to grammar, style, etc. Repeat this process until you’re satisfied you’ve done the best you can do.A Researcher’s MandateA Researcher’s Mandate Publish or Perish!nullYour writing is the principal way in which people learn about your work. When you communicate well, you receive credit for that work. When you do not communicate well or are too slow to communicate, the credit often goes to someone else.To write is to communicate.Be Published or Not – Reviewers DecideBe Published or Not – Reviewers DecideMy paper is published! What does this mean? Only that one or two or three reviewers thought there was some merit in what you submitted.Be Published or Not – Reviewers DecideBe Published or Not – Reviewers DecideIf no one reads your paper, you’ve accomplished nothing. If your paper is read, but no one uses or substantiates your findings, you’ve accomplished nothing. You will not be cited!Be Published or Not – Reviewers DecideBe Published or Not – Reviewers Decide You have two very clear objectives. You need to get the reader to read your paper. You need to convince both the reviewer and the reader of the worth of your scientific contribution. Be Published or Not – Reviewers DecideBe Published or Not – Reviewers DecideThe reviewer will give you several hours to evaluate your work. The reader will give you less than two seconds.nullScientific PapernullScientific PapernullScientific PaperCreating TitlesCreating TitlesGreat scientific writing starts with understanding how to write a great title. This is your most important task and the most difficult one.nullScientific PapernullAbstractsAbstractScientific PaperState in the abstract what happened.Then use the rest of the article to explain how it happened.nullScientific PapernullIntroductionsBy the end of the introduction, your readers expect answers to the following questions: What exactly is the work? Why is the work important? What is needed to understand the work? How will the work be presented?nullIntroductionsIn the introduction, you have more room to write than you do in your title and abstract. Therefore, you should take advantage of the opportunity:Your introduction is your first chance to define the full boundaries of your work. nullThe third question that readers expect an introduction to answer -- -- is really a question of what background information the introduction provides. That answer depends on your readers and how much they know about your work.Introductions what is needed to understand the paper?nullScientific PapernullMiddleIn the middle, you state … what happened as well as how it happened. the results, show where they come from, and explain what they meannullMiddleLogical strategies in scientific writing chronological spatial flow cause - effectMiddleMiddleII. EXPERIMENTAL PRINCIPLE AND SETUP A. Compound Preparation The compound used in our experiment was prepared by a chemical reduction process. The compound was initially synthesized from elemental carbon and then reduced by hydrazine/ammonia solution to produce a well-dispersed suspension. nullThe primary purpose of your writing is not to entice readers into reading every word you’ve written, but to inform or persuade your audience as efficiently as possible.Middlenullnull死不松手