nullD R _ Text 1D R _ Text 1A Friend in Need For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I do not know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me. These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this morning’s paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. D R _ Text 2D R _ Text 2 Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station.D R _ Text 3D R _ Text 3 Though his offices were in Kobe, Burton often came down to Yokohama. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humor . He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. It happened that we were both stayingD R _ Text 4D R _ Text 4 staying at the Grand Hotel and next day he asked me to dine with him. I met his wife, fat, elderly, and smiling, and his two daughters. It was evidently a united and affectionate family. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign. Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. At the same time he liked his game of cards and hisD R _ Text 5D R _ Text 5 his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he could not bear to hurt a fly.
One afternoon I was sitting in the lounge of the Grand Hotel when Burton came in and seated himself in the chair next to mine.D R _ Text 6D R _ Text 6 ‘What do you say to a little drink?’
He clapped his hands for a boy and ordered two gin fizzes. As the boy brought them a man passed along the street outside and seeing me waved his hand.
‘Do you know Turner?’ said Burton as I nodded a greeting. ‘I’ve met him at the club. I’m told he’s a remittance man.’
‘Yes, I believe he is. We have a good many here.’
‘He plays bridge well.’D R _ Text 7D R _ Text 7 ‘They generally do. There was a fellow here last year, oddly enough a namesake of mine, who was the best bridge player I ever met. I suppose you never came across him in London. Lenny Burton he called himself. I believe he’d belonged to some very good clubs.’
‘No, I don’t believe I remember the name.’
‘He was quite a remarkable player. He seemed to have an instinct about the cards. It was uncanny. I used to play with him a lot. He was in Kobe for some time.’
Burton sipped his gin fizz.D R _ Text 8D R _ Text 8 ‘It’s rather a funny story,’ he said. ‘He wasn’t a bad chap. I liked him. He was always well-dressed and smart-looking. He was handsome in a way with curly hair and pink-and-white cheeks. Women thought a lot of him. There was no harm in him, you know, he was only wild. Of course he drank too much. Those sort of fellows alwaysalways do. A bit of money used to come on for him once a quarter and he made a bit more by card-playing. He won a good deal of mine, I know that.’D R _ Text 9D R _ Text 9 Burton gave a kindly chuckle. I knew from my own experience that he could lose money at bridge with a good grace. He stroked his shaven chin with his thin hand; the veins stood out on it and it was almost transparent.
‘I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine. He came to see me in my office one day and asked me for a job. I was rather surprised.’ He told me that there was no more money coming from home and he wanted to work. I asked him how old he was.D R _ Text 10D R _ Text 10 ‘“Thirty-five,” he said.
‘“And what have you been doing hitherto?” I asked him.
‘“Well, nothing very much,” he said.
‘I couldn’t help laughing.
‘“I’m afraid I can’t do anything for you just yet,” I said. “Come back and see me in another thirty-five years, and I’ll see what I can do.”D R _ Text 11D R _ Text 11 ‘He didn’t move. He went rather pale. He hesitated for a moment and then he told me that he had had bad luck at cards for some time. He hadn’t been willing to stick to bridge, he’d been playing poker, and he’d got trimmed. He hadn’t a penny. He’d pawned everything he had. He couldn’t pay his hotel bill and they wouldn’t give him any more credit. He was down and out. If he couldn’t get something to do he’d have to commit suicide.
‘I looked at him for a bit. I could see now that he was all to pieces. He’d been drinking more than usual and he looked fifty. The girls wouldn’t have thought so much of him if they’d seen him then.D R _ Text 12D R _ Text 12 ‘“Well isn’t there anything you can do except play cards?” I asked him.
‘“I can swim,” he said.
‘“Swim!”
‘I could hardly believe my ears; it seemed such an insane answer to give.
‘“I swam for my university.” ‘I got some glimmering of what he was driving at. I’ve known too many men who were little tin gods at their university to be impressed by it.D R _ Text 13D R _ Text 13 ‘“I was a pretty good swimmer myself when I was a young man,” I said.
‘Suddenly I had an idea.’
Pausing in his story, Burton turned to me.
‘Do you know Kobe?’ he asked.
‘No,’ I said, ‘I passed through it once, but I only spent a night there.’
‘Then you don’t know the Shioya Club. When I was a young man I swam from there round the beacon and landed at the creek of Tarumi. It’s over three miles and it’s rather difficult on account of the currents round the beacon. Well, I told my young namesake about it and I said to him that if he’d do it I’d give him a job.D R _ Text 14D R _ Text 14 ‘I could see he was rather taken aback.
‘“You say you’re a swimmer,” I said.
‘“I’m not in very good condition,” he answered.
‘I didn’t say anything. I shrugged my shoulders. He looked at me for a moment and then he nodded.
‘“All right,” he said. “When do you want me to do it?”
‘I looked at my watch. It was just after ten.
‘“The swim shouldn’t take you much over an hour and a quarter. I’ll drive round to the creek at half past twelve and meet you. I’ll take you back to the club to dress and then we’ll have lunch together.”D R _ Text 15D R _ Text 15 ‘“Done,” he said.
‘We shook hands. I wished him good luck and he left me. I had a lot of work to do that morning and I only just managed to get to the creek at Tarumi at half past twelve. But I needn’t have hurried; he never turned up.’
‘Did he funk it at the last moment?’ I asked. ‘No, he didn’t funk it. He started all right. But of course he’d ruined his constitution by drink and dissipation. The currents round the beacon were more than he could manage. We didn’t get the body for about three days.’D R _ Text 16D R _ Text 16 I didn’t say anything for a moment or two. I was a trifle shocked. Then I asked Burton a question.
‘When you made him that offer of a job, did you know he’d be drowned?’
He gave a little mild chuckle and he looked at me with those kind and candid blue eyes of his. He rubbed his chin with his hand.
‘Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment.’D R _ S_ For my own …D R _ S_ For my own …For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.1. What does “for my own part” mean?It means “as far as I am concerned”.2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就越感到困惑。D R _ S_ Unless I had …D R _ S_ Unless I had …Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. Paraphrase this sentence.If I hadn’t heard the story told by himself, I should never have believed that he could do such a thing.
This is a subjunctive mood.D R _ S_ Here if ever …D R _ S_ Here if ever …1. Paraphrase this sentence.Here if there ever was a man who is the same as he looks like.Here if ever was a man all of a piece. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.要说真有
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里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。D R _ S_ He played …D R _ S_ He played …Paraphrase the sentence.He played well and did it in a graceful way.He played a good game and a generous one. D R _ S_ he could tell …D R _ S_ he could tell …he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. 1. What can we infer from this part?We know this guy was quite humorous and easy-going. The second sentence implies he looked healthy. Short and small as he is, he does not look morbid. All his things depict a good and kind elderly man.2. Translate this part into Chinese.他能绘声绘色地讲个来劲儿的段子什么的，他年轻时多少还是个运动员呢。D R _ S_ He stroked his …D R _ S_ He stroked his …1. What can we infer from this sentence?He was very frail. His appearance suggests no hurt. This description of his hand is a proof of what has been mentioned in LL.34-36 that he was very frail and could easily arouse others’ instincts of protection and seemed to be a man who would not bear to hurt a fly.2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.他用瘦小的手摸了摸剃得光光的下巴；手上青筋鼓起，手白得几乎透明。He stroked his shaven chin with his thin hand; the veins stood out on it and it was almost transparent.D R _ S_I suppose that…D R _ S_I suppose that…‘I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine. 1. Analyze the structure of this sentence.I suppose 后接宾语从句;从句中的主语为that; that and the fact 为前一个that 的同位语，用来进行补充说明。也就是说,他来找我的原因有二：一是that (两个that 指代的是相同的事件)， 二是the fact that。2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.大概就是因为这个，当他落得一文不名的时候，就来找我了，再说他和我同姓。D R _ S_ I got some…D R _ S_ I got some…‘I got some glimmering of what he was driving at. I’ve known too many men who were little tin gods at their university to be impressed by it.Translate this sentence into Chinese.我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。D R _ S_ But I needn’t …D R _ S_ But I needn’t …But I needn’t have hurried; he never turned up.’What does the sentence imply?He (Burton) was evil-minded and cold-blooded, having no sympathy at all.D R _ S_ Well …D R _ S_ Well …‘Well, I hadn’t got a vacancy in my office at the moment.’What does the sentence imply?He’d never taken seriously the friend’s need for help, or actually he had never thought of giving his poor friend a hand.D R _ word _definite1D R _ word _definite1definite: adj. clear; that can’t be doubted我们要求给一个确切的答复。We demand a definite answer.It’s definite that he’ll come.Collocation:a definite success绝对的成功definite period of time确切的时间D R _ word _definite2D R _ word _definite2The doctor is quite definite about the patient having developed a lung cancer.医生非常肯定病人是患了肺癌。The chairman asked the speaker to be more definite in his statements.主席让发言的人把话说得更明确些。definite 表示某事界限分明,以至于就其意义或范围不会产生任何疑问、误解。例如： definite & definitive
这两个词均有“明确的”、“确定的”的意思。CF:D R _ word _definite3D R _ word _definite3This is a definitive judicial decision by the Supreme Court.这是最高法院的最终判决。She has written a definitive biography of Byron.她写了一本很具权威性的拜伦传。definitive 表示某事确定、明确无误，常含“决定性的”、
“最后的”意思。例如：D R _ word _wrinkleD R _ word _wrinklewrinkle: vt. tighten the skin of the face into lines or foldsThe woman was fifty, but looked sixty. Her cheeks were sunken and her skin was wrinkled and yellow.他闻到怪味儿皱起了鼻子。He wrinkled (up) his nose at the bad smell.D R _ word _ in accordance withD R _ word _ in accordance within accordance with: in agreement or harmony with 根据你的命令，我把房子卖掉了。I sold the house, in accordance with your orders.Students will be criticized or punished if their behavior is not in accordance with school regulations.D R _ word _spicyD R _ word _spicyspicy: adj. exciting, esp. because of being slightly indecent; containing or tasting like spicePeople from Sichuan province like to eat spicy food.在一些地方报纸上你可以读到有关电影明星的下流
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。You can often read spicy stories about film stars in the local newspapers.D R _ word _instinct D R _ word _instinct 相信你的直觉，你认为对的就去做。Trust your instincts and do what you think is right.instinct: n. a tendency that one is born with to behave in a certain way without reasoning or trainingSome animals hunt by instinct.D R _ word _clapD R _ word _clapThe teacher clapped her hands to attract the class’s attention.clap: v. strike (the inner surface of one’s hands) togetherThe audience clapped enthusiastically as the singer stepped on to the stage.D R _ word _sipD R _ word _sipsip: v. drink (sth.), taking a very small amount each time She sipped politely at her drink.他把玻璃杯内饮料呷干。He sipped the glass dry.Pattern:sip (at/from) sth. D R _ word _in a wayD R _ word _in a wayin a way: to a certain extent but not entirelyThe work is well done in a way.I agree with you in a way, but there are still some areas on which I can’t see eye to eye with you.D R _ word _strokeD R _ word _strokestroke: vt. pass the hand gently over (a surface), usu. several timesAt the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and embraced him and gently stroked his white hair.I reached out and stroked the baby’s cheek tenderly.D R _ word _shaveD R _ word _shaveshave: vt. cut or scrape thin slices from the surface of;
vi. cut hair off one’s face, etc. with a razorIn the Qing dynasty men shaved the front of the head and wore the hair at the back tied in a queue or pigtail.He washed and shaved, then hurried out of the house.D R _ word _transparentD R _ word _transparenttransparent: adj. allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be seen clearlyHer silk dress was almost transparent.The cup is made of transparent colored plastic.D R _ word _go brokeD R _ word _go brokego broke: have no money; go bankruptHe invested all his money in stocks; unfortunately he made one wrong choice after another and finally went broke. 许多跨国公司在经济危机期间都破产了，更不用说小企业了。Many multinational companies went broke during the financial crisis, not to speak of small businesses.D R _ word _stick to D R _ word _stick to stick to: refuse to abandon or change (sth.) The mother asked her son just to tell the cops what he saw and stick to his story.The old man stuck to jogging every morning although he was eighty years old.Collocation:stick to one’s word遵守诺言stick to the point紧扣要点D R _ word _commit D R _ word _commit commit: vt. do (sth. illegal or wrong)The man was suspected of committing murder.D R _ word _drive atD R _ word _drive atdrive at: be trying to sayThe teacher didn’t mention the word “cheating” but I knew what he was driving at.我不知道你到底什么意思。I have no idea what you’re driving at.NB:用ing形式表示非正式D R _ word _current1D R _ word _current1current:
1. n. continuous flow of water or air in a particular directionSwimming against the current is energy-consuming.Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.2. adj. of the present time; happening nowThe current situation in this area is quite different from that in the 1990s.他不喜欢现在的工作，正打算辞职。He doesn’t like the current job, and is planning to quit it.D R _ word _current2D R _ word _current2Collocation:current fashions时装current events时事current prices现价D R _ word _be taken abackD R _ word _be taken abackbe taken aback: be shocked or surprisedHe was taken aback when a woman answered the phone.当我发现电脑不见了时我大吃一惊。I was taken aback when I found my computer was gone.D R _ word _in good conditionD R _ word _in good conditionin bad/good condition: in bad/good healthThe car is in very good condition.In spite of the surgery he is still in bad condition.D R _ word _turn upD R _ word _turn upturn up: arrive; make one’s appearanceHe didn’t turn up until the end of the examination.她干什么都迟到。She turns up late for everything.D R _ word _funkD R _ word _funkfunk: vt. (infml) avoid because of fearHe was given a chance of taking part in the speech contest, but he funked it.He promised to climb the mountain with us, but he funked it at the last moment.Collocation:funk water怕水funk riding a horse怕骑马D R _ word _constitutionD R _ word _constitutionconstitution: n. condition of a person’s body with regard to health, strength, etc.A boxer must have a strong constitution.Having been ill for several years, he has a particularly fragile constitution.Collocation:an old man with a weak constitution一位体弱的老人build up a strong/tough constitution练出强健的体格D R _ word _trifleD R _ word _trifletrifle: n. a thing, a matter or an activity that has little value or importance我女儿总是把钱浪费在小玩意儿上。My daughter always wastes her money on trifles.The couple often quarreled about some petty trifle connected with the housework.NB：a trifle：slightly George was a trifle awkward with girls but fond of dancing.She was a trifle breathless after the run.D R _ word _candid1D R _ word _candid1candid: adj. not hiding one’s thoughts; frank and honest 老实同你说，你的工作做得不够好。Let me be absolutely candid with you: your work is not good enough.Nancy is candid about the problems she is having with Steve.Pattern: be candid about/withCollocation:直言a candid opinionD R _ word _candid2candid 既指言辞坦白直接，也指态度坦率真诚的，直抒
胸臆的。例如：D R _ word _candid2那位政治家曾答应要做到坦率公正，但我们对此感到怀疑。candid, frank & open
这三个词均有“直率的”、“坦白的”之意。CF:To be candid with you, your son is not trustworthy.不瞒你说，你儿子是靠不住的。The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.D R _ word _ candid3frank 较常用，一般指人在言辞或供述方面的坦白。例如：D R _ word _ candid3He gave a very frank reply.他坦率地作了答复。To be frank with you, I don’t know what you are talking about.老实讲，我不知道你们在谈些什么。open 强调事物的公开性，指不加遮掩的、公开的。例如：She is a very friendly, open person.她是个非常友好、坦率的人。She told her troubles with an open heart.她坦率地说出了自己的困难。D R _ word _rubD R _ word _rubrub: vt. move one’s hand, an object, etc. backwards and forwards repeatedly on a surface while pressing她弯腰去揉疼痛的脚踝。She bent over and rubbed her sore ankle.He looked tired and sat rubbing his eyes.D R _ word _vacancyD R _ word _vacancyvacancy: n. unfilled position or post这家公司的财务部有一个空额。The company has a vacancy in the accounts department.There are three vacancies in this apartment house.A R _ mainA R _ mainUseful ExpressionsDiscussion and DebateWriting PracticeSpot DictationTalk about the PicturesSentence TranslationProverbs and QuotationsA R _Discussion and Debate _mainA R _Discussion and Debate _mainDiscussionDebateDiscussion and DebateA R _Writing Practice _mainA R _Writing Practice _mainIntroductionAssignmentUseful Expressions and PatternsWriting PracticeA R _ Useful Expressions 1A R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions 1.耸耸肩2.自大3.让某人大吃一惊4.听某人亲口讲述5.衣着整洁素雅shrug one’s shouldersgreat vanitygive sb. a great surprisefrom one’s own lipsbe neatly and quietly dressedA R _ Useful Expressions 2A R _ Useful Expressions 2 6.合乎某人的年龄和身份 7.玩桥牌 8.和睦恩爱的一家人 9.年轻时in accordance with one’s age and stationplay bridgea united and affectionate familyin one’s youthnod a greet
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