时态基础讲义

新目标英语动词时态 I. 一般现在时 1. 一般现在时的用法 1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词（always, often, usually, seldom, never）连用。频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 2）表示现在的状态。 例：My father is very busy. 我父亲很忙。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例： My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例：Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。 例： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 2. 动词的第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数 一般在词尾加-s play plays 以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es，读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。 pass fix teach wish do passes fixes teaches wishes does 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。 study carry studies carries 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。 1. cook _______2.watch________3.build_________4.have________5.wash________ 6. enjoy ______7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________ 11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________ 巩固练习： 1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句） ________________________________________________________ 2、His watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 3、I like being a nurse for the old. （变成一般疑问句） ________________________________________________________ 4、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。 ________________________________________________________ II. 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。 例：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ After a few years, she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。 2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often, always等表示频度的副词连用。 例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3）一般过去式也可与today, this week, this month, this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但表示已经过去的时间，不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。 例：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？ 巩固练习： 1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。) ________________________________________________________ 2、 He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________ 3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。 ________________________________________________________ 2. 动词过去式的规则变化： 构成规则 动词原形 动词过去式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed， look play work looked played worked 结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like live liked lived 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，此辅音字母，再加-ed plan stop planned stopped 词尾是“辅音字母＋y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed study worry Studied worried 写出下列动词的过去式形式。 1. put ________2. drink _______3. cry _______4. pull ________5. ride ________ 6.begin ________7. sit ________8. run _________9. take _________ 10.sweep _______ 11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________14. wait _________15. lie _________ 16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______20. produce _____ 21.get __________22.laugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______ III. 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的构成： (1) 助动词will+动词原形（在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall）：表示将来某时要发生的动作或存在的状态。 例：She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？ I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. (2) be going to +不定式， 表示按计划，安排要发生的事。 例：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ 表示确信如此或有迹象表明某事即将发生。 例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 (3) be + V-ing, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。注意：这类动词通常是表位置移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）。 例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 巩固练习： 1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________________ 2. Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。 ________________________________________________________ IV. 现在进行时 1. 结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词 2. 动词V-ing的构成形式 规则 原形 -ing形式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing listen spend listening spending 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing have prepare having preparing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing sit begin run sitting beginning running 以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing lie die lying dying 以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；反之，则直接加-ing prefer water preferring watering 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。 1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 3. 现在进行时的用法： (1) 表示现在说话时正在发生或进行的动作。 例： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 (2) 与always, constantly, forever 等词频度副词连用，往往带有感情色彩。 例：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。（责备） She is always helping others. 她总是乐于助人。(表扬) 巩固练习： 1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 ） ________________________________________________________ 2、They are surfing. （对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________________ 3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！ ________________________________________________________ 4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。 ________________________________________________________ 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. Uncle Wang usually _______ (go) to work by bike. 2. Be quiet ! The patient ____________ (sleep). 3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _______________(plant) trees over there. 4、Emily often _______ (help) her mother _________ (wash) clothes on Sunday. 5、______ (not be) afraid, I ____________ (show) you how to reach the station. 6、What ______ you ______________ (do) the day after tomorrow ? 7、There ________ (be) an important meeting in two days. 8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995. V. 过去进行时 1. 结构：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing) 2. 过去进行时的用法： (1) 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与确切的过去时间状语连用。 例：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. (2) 在时间状语从句中， 例：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 　 While it was raining, they left the station. (3) sb was/were doing sth when…表示正“在做某事，突然…” 例：I was walking down the street when it rained. 我正走在大街上，突然下雨了。 巩固练习： 1、Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.　 A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes 2、As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read；was falling　B. was reading； fell　C. was reading； was falling　D. read；fell VI. 现在完成时 1. 结构：助动词have/has + 过去分词 2. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式： bring catch do find eat get forget cut pay know buy see come sleep spend tell 3. 现在完成时的用法 (1) 表示过去发生的事情或进行的动作，终止于过去，对现在造成的影响。句中动词通常是短暂性动词。 例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？ You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。 (2) 表示从过去开始持续到现在，并可能延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 (3) 注意的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ： 例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误） He has been in the army for five years.(正确) have/has been to have/has gone to 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员） 巩固练习：　 1、-Do you know our town at all?　 　 -No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming 2、-Have you ____ been to our town before? 　 -No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come 3、Do you know ________? 　 A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here 　 C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here VII. 过去完成时 1. 结构：助动词had＋过去分词 2. 过去完成时的用法： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。 例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。 巩固练习: 1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.　 A. had met　B. have met　 C. met　D. meet 2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 　---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been　 B. had been　 C. was　D. will be　　　　　　 3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.　 A. had written, left　 B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　 D. were writing, had left 4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.　 A. has lost, don't find　　 B. is missing, don't find　 C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.　　 Ⅷ过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。 构成：一般过去将来时是由"should / would + 动词原形"构成的。（一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中） 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？ 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？ 例如： 1. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.（昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎。） 2. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.（他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业。） · 时态考点 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 1、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则 · 1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. · A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began · [析] 1. C。since后接时间的起点，for后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。 2、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则 · 2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. · A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes · C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come · [析] 2. C。if既可引导宾语从句，也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时，词义是“如果”。从时态看，if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时，若主句用一般将来时，则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 3、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则 · 3. –When this kind of computer ? · --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used · [析] 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态，并且要考虑到被动语态。 4、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则 · 4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party. · --Oh, I ready for the maths exam. A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got · [析] 4. B。此例由didn’t, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。 5、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则 · 5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. · A. is B. was C. has been D. will be · [析] 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时，其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。 · 中考 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 训练 1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown 2. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. ---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in. A. have come   B. come  C. came D. had come 3. I first met Lisa three years ago when we _____ at a radio station together.） A. have worked B. had been working C. were working D. had worked 4. If you carefully, you the report well. A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand 5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 6. —How did the accident happen? —You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was; was raining B. is; has rained C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain 7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have 8. —What does your sister like doing in her spare time？ —She watching TV. （ A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked 9. —When Jessy to New York？ —Yesterday. A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got 10. —How clean the bedroom is! —Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now. A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______. A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （2009·河北） A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write 14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? ---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month. A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return 15. ---Who’s won the first prize in the competition? （2009·山东烟台） ---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week. A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given 16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? （2009·四川成都） ---No. I’ve never been there before. A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting 17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. （2009·江西） A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained 18. ---Can I help you? （2009·江西） ---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work. A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t 19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more. （2009·江苏南京） A. don’t feel B. didn’t feel C. haven’t felt D. hadn’t felt 20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009·湖北宜昌） ---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones. A. go  B. went C. are going  D. will go 21. —Where is Peter? （2009·湖南娄底） —He volleyball with his friends in the school gym. A. plays B. played C. is playing 22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White? （2009·江苏无锡） ---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the theme park. A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been 23. ---______ you ______ your drawing? （2009·陕西绥德） ---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.   A. Did; finish   B. Will; finish    C. Do; finish      D. Have; finished 24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. （2009.北京） A. has worked B. works       C. will work       D. have worked 25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. （2009.北京） A. invite B. invited       C. will invite       D. are inviting 26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. （2009.北京） A. talk B. talked      C. is talking       D. was talking 27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. （2009.安徽） A. watch B. will watch   C. have watched     D. was watching 28. ---Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _________ on the phone. ---Oh, sorry. （2009.安徽） A. have talked B. talked       C. am talking       D. talk 29. --- Where are the Greens, may I ask? （2009·吉林通化） --- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now. A. have been B. are going to C. have gone D. will go 30.The teachers​​_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them. A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left 31. —Has your father finished his report? （2009·扬州） —Sorry, I don’t know. He ​​​​___________ it this morning. A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written 32. — It’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? — He ______ his bike in the yard. （2009·新疆阜康） A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 33. ---Hi, I ______ you for a long time. （2009·朝阳） ---I ________ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A. hadn’t seen; am B. haven’t seen; shall be C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; was 34. Today is Thursday, and Tom lost his bike last Sunday. We may say “_____”. A. Tom has lost his bike four days ago B. Tom has lost his bike for four days C. Tom lost his bike for four days D. It’s four days since Tom lost his bike 答案：1~5 BBCCB 6~10 AAABC 11~15 CCBBC 16~20 ABCAB 21~25 CCDAB 26~30 CCCCA 31~34 ACDD 5