培根的《论学习》中英文对照

培根的《论学习》中英文对照 Of Studies 论学习 Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯?培根 王佐良 译 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。for ability. Their chief use for delight, is 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时;其傅in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is 彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才in discourse; and for ability, is in the 也，最见于处世判事之际。 judgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别of particulars, one by one; but the general 枝节，然纵观统筹，全局 策划 活动策划ppt下载游戏策划下载民宿策划下载游戏策划shu下载英文歌曲大赛策划免费下载 ，则舍好counsels, and the plots and marshalling of 学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文affairs, come best form those that are 采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for 故态。 ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不experience: for natural abilities are like 足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然natural plants, that need proyning by study; 后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不and studies themselves do give forth 以经验范之，则又大而无当。 directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，Crafty men contemn studies, simple men 唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告admire them, and wise men use them; for 人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, 凭观察得之。 won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to 读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书believe and take for granted; nor to find 上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推talk and discourse; but to weigh and 敲细思。 consider. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须Some books are to be tasted, others to be 咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分swallowed, and some few to be chewed and 者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not 读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦curiously; and some few to be read wholly, 可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题and with diligence and attention. Some 材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹books also may be read by deputy, and 如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使ready man; and writing an exact man. And 人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特therefore, if a man write little, he had need 强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书have a great memory; if he confer little, he 者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使mathematics subtile; natural philosophy 人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able 重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 学，皆成性格。 Nay there is no stand or impediment in the 人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: 使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜like as diseases of the body may have 之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for 肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs 类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; 题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演;如riding for the head; and the like. So if a 不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆man's wit be wandering, let him study the 吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同，不善以一mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must 物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如begin again. If his wit be not apt to 此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。 distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.