高中英语 情态动词 have 过去分词 用法详解

高中英语 情态动词 have 过去分词 用法详解 高中英语 情态动词 have 过去分词 用法详解 "情态动词+完成式"(即情态动词+have+过去分词)是高中英语教材中经常出 现的动词结构，也是高考试卷非常青睐的项目之一，频频出现在高考试题中。 请看以下高考题:1、(07陕西)-Where is my dictionary?I remember Iput it here yesterday.-You _it in the wrong place.A must put Bshould have put Cmight put Dmight have put「分析」答案选D."你可能放错地方了 "might have done"可能做过"2、(06江西)The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I _the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A should have taken Bcould have taken Cneedn't have taken Dmustn't have taken「分析」答案选C.昨天天气晴好，我本不需要带伞。Needn't have done"本没 必要做的，结果却做了"那么，如何掌握它的用法呢?"情态动词+完成式"有时 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示对过去或已发生事情的推测，有时表示与过去事实相反的假设以表达后悔、 遗憾、责备等情绪。不同的情态动词与动词完成式连用可表示不同的含义，究 竟选用哪个情态动词，是推测还是假设，需要结合不同情态动词的基本概念和 具体的上下文语境进行分析。现将相关要点叙述如下:一、must+完成式:表示 对过去或已完成行为有把握的推测，意为:"一定…过;一定已经…"，仅用于 肯定陈述句中。例如:1)I didn't hear the phone.I _asleep.(MET1989)A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been didn't提示出是过去时态，因此选择B.2)Where is my pen?I must have lost it.我的钢笔在哪?我肯定是丢了。二、can/could+完成式:1.肯定式 (could)表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为:"本来能够/可以…".例如:3)-I stayed at ahotel while in New York.-Oh，did you?You _with Barbara.(NMET1998)A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed解析:A."本可以和Barbara住在一起，没必要住旅店 "4)He went on foot，but he could have gone there by bus.他走着去的， 但他本可以坐汽车的。2.否定式表示对过去情况的推测，意为:"决不会…;决 不可能…".例如:5)-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey.(NMET1995)A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been「分析」答案选D不可能是很舒服的。有were提示说明 发生在过去。6)My sister met him at the Grant Theatre yesterday so he _your lecture.(2000上海高考)A.couldn't have afternoon， attended B.needn't have attended C.mustn't have attended D.shouldn't have attended「分析」答案选A.不可能去听演讲了。3.疑问式表示对过去情 况的推测或怀疑。例如:7)Can/Could they have completed their work so soon?他们能这么快就完成作业了吗?8)There is no light in the room.Can/Could he have gone out?屋子没灯光。他出去了?三、may/might+完 成式:1.肯定式表示对过去情况的推测，意为:"可能已经…"，might表示的 可能性比may更加微弱，口气更加委婉。例如:9)The room is dark;I think he may have gone to bed.10)You may have noticed that the afternoon He may not have sun on awinter's day is low on the horizon.请比较: said so.(他也许没有这样说过。)He can't have said so.(他不可能这样说 过。)2.might+完成式也可表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为:"本来可以…". 例如:12)He _you more help，even though he was busy.(MET1990)A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give「分析」答案选A. 本可以给予你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。13)Yesterday，Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she _something she could regret later.(NMET1996)A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said「分析」 答案选A.walked说明是过去发生的，所以选择情态动词+完成式四、 should/ought to+完成式:表示与过去事实相反的假设。肯定式表示"本来应该 做而未做"，否定式表示"本来不应该做而做了".例如:14)I told Sally how to get here，but perhaps I_ for her.(NMET1994)A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out「分析」答案选C.本应该给她写下来15)I was really anxious about you.You _home without aword.(NMET2001)A.mustn't leave B.shouldn't have left C.couldn't have left D.needn't leave「分析」答 案选B.本不应该不吱声就离家16)Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach， I _so much fried chicken just now.(上海2002)A.shouldn't eat B.mustn't have eaten C.shouldn't have eaten D.mustn't eat「分析」答案 选C.本不应该吃那么多的炸鸡五、would+完成式:常在虚拟条件句中出现。表 示与过去事实相反的假设。例如:17)-If he _，he _that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET1993)A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken「分析」答案选B. 这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。要求:if+had done，主语 +would/could/should+have done 18)You didn't let me drive.If we _in turn，you _so tired.(NMET1996)A.drove;didn't get B.drove;wouldn't get C.were driving;wouldn't get D.had driven;wouldn't have got「分 析」答案选D.道理同上。六、needn't+完成式:表示做了不必做的事情，意为: "本不必…;本不需要…".例如:19)There were plenty of time.She needn't have hurried.20)You needn't have phoned me just now.巩固练习:(从A、 D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项)1)-I wonder why they B、C、 are late.-They _the train.A.could miss B.might miss C.must have missed D.can't have missed 2)He _the examination _he wasn't careful enough.A.would pass;because B.could have passed;if C.should have passed;but D.had passed;so 3)Without his help,we _such rapid progress.A.didn't make B.don't make C.would not make D.would not have made 4)There was alot of fun at yesterday's party.You _come，but why didn't you?A.must have B.ought to have C.should D.need have 5)We _the manager，but no one _his telephone number.A.could have called;knew B.could call;had known C.could have called;had known D.could call; knew参考答案:1.C肯定是没赶上火车2.C本应该考过，但不够心细。3.D根 据句意，可知是发生的事情，因此选择情态动词+完成式4.B本应该来，实际没 来5.A本应该打个电话，但是没人知道号码