英文文献简报

英文文献简报 Why this name? Are there more than one? Little to do with large Japanese wrestlers…. SUMO Depends on the species. Budding yeast, stands for mall biquitin-related difier. Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila have just one Although the SUMO sequence is only 19% identical to gene for SUMO, and this is essential in yeast at least. ubiquitin, its three-dimensional structure is very Humans and mice have three SUMO genes; however, similar. The ‘official’ name for SUMO-1 is SMT3C; the there are other ubiquitin-like proteins that are not related SUMO-2 and SUMO-3 proteins are SMT3A and considered SUM SMT3B, respectively, in GenBank and SwissProt. As Os. usual, researchers don't care too much about official names and generally use SUMO, probably because it goes so well with the term ‘wrestling’. What do they do? Which proteins are modified by SUMO? Like ubiquitin, SUMO is covalently conjugated to A long and growing list: Sp100; PML; RanGAP1; other proteins, in a similar multistep process to RanBP2; IκBα; p53; p73; HIPK2; Daxx; GRIP1; ubiquitination. SUMO is first processed to its various HDACs; MITR; the androgen, active form by removal of its last four amino glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors; the acids to leave two essential glycine residues at PIAS family proteins; Ubc9; Mdm2/Hdm2; Ap2; Axin; the carboxyl terminus. It is then activated by Sp3, PCNA; septins; topoisomerases I and II; Wrn; formation of a thioester between the C/EBPs; GLUT4; ARNT; CaMKII; SALL1; LEF1; TIF1α; carboxy-terminal glycine and a cysteine of the IRF1; HSF2; an increasing number of viral SUMO-activating E1 enzyme (SAE1–SAE2), proteins. transferred to a conjugating E2 enzyme (Ubc9) and finally passed to the ε amino group of specific lysine residues on target proteins. In some cases, at least, this last step is regulated by SUMO-specific ligases (E3s). SUMO protease dynamics: Does it stay or does it go? SUMOlation is a highly dynamic and fully reversible modification. A SUMO protease dynamics. family of cysteine proteases (A) SUMO maturation and specifically hydrolyze SUMO conjugation cycle. (B) isopeptide bonds. The yeast Comparison of mouse DeSI-1 enzymes, Ulp1 and Ulp2, are found at and DeSI-2 with the known the nuclear pore and in the nucleoplasm, SUMO protease SENP1. The respectively. Mammals have at least nine SUMO catalytic domains with proteases, known by various names such as SuSP, histidine (H) and cysteine SuPr or SENP1–9. They are localized in different (C) residues are subcellular compartments, such as the PML nuclear highlighted. (C) BZEL bodies (SENP1), the cytoplasm (SENP6), the inhibition of blimp-1 nucleolus (SENP3) or at the nuclear pore (SENP2). transcription is enhanced Interestingly, an isoform of SENP2 called SuPr-1 by BZEL sumoylation, which also localizes to PML nuclear bodies.is reversed by DeSI-1. BZEL, BTB-ZF protein expressed in effector lymphocytes; DeSI, 班级: desumoylating 姓名: isopeptidase; SENP1, 学号: SUMO/sentrin-specific proteases; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier.