高中英语论文：谈构建实用的高中英语作文训练体系

高中英语 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 ：谈构建实用的高中英语作文训练体系 提炼素材，有效讲评 高中英语论文 ---谈构建实用的高中英语作文训练体系 [摘要] 英语写作，作为一项重要的英语语言输出技能，在很大程度上反映学习者的语言水平和语言能力。本文就教师在高中英语作文教学过程中，如何提炼并积累素材，以及怎样进行及时有效的作文讲评展开阐述，构建一套适合自己学生的作文训练体系。 [关键词] 英语写作 提炼 讲评 构建 一(引言 培根曾说:“Writing makes an exact man.” 的确, Writing is the king of three other basic skills in terms of linguist accuracy. 新课标在写作上更是突出在谋篇布局，遣词造句和情感表达方面的要求，强调学生的学习过程和方法。然而，许多教师虽觉得写作很重要，也很想把写作教好，却发现很难教。原因诸多:学生的英语基础太差，掌握的词汇不够，写不出;没有好的写作素材，学生不认真对待;即使教师认真仔细批改了，学生拿回作文看完分数，便束之高阁;需花大量的时间长期坚持，教学任务又太繁重了等等。如何克服上述问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 是高中英语教师迫切需要思考的。 因此，这就要求教师在写作教学方面要精打细磨，提炼素材，作文批改后还要进行及时有效的作文讲评，构建一套适合自己学生的作文训练体系。因为好的文章是 “磨”出来的, 即磨词、磨短语、磨句子、磨段落、磨开头、磨结尾。 为此，从高一开始，教师就应重视写作技能的培养，全面开展写作实效训练，进行循序渐进的指导和落实。它理应渗透在我们日常的教学活动中，贯穿在听、说、读、译等技能训练中。 二( 提炼 教材 民兵爆破地雷教材pdf初中剪纸校本课程教材衍纸校本课程教材排球校本教材中国舞蹈家协会第四版四级教材 素材， 打造写作话题 高中学生在三年的英语学习中至少精读了50多篇教材的阅读课文。在指导学生阅读这些课文时，教师应有意识地围绕每一单元的话题，帮助学生提取和积累话题的词句表达，针对不同的文章体裁，帮助学生熟悉篇章的组织手段，为学生从体裁、语篇结构、话题词汇等方面训练学生的书面表达技能。于是，笔者便自己搜查资料，编写练习，提炼写作话题。如:必修一的话题分别为:友谊、语言、旅游、灾害、伟人。必修二的话题分别为:文化古迹、奥运会、计算机、野生动物保护、音乐。这一些话题便是最好的写作素材。 写作素材源于教材，又要跳出教材。为了提高学生的写作水平, 笔者从上一学期开始，以必修一，二教材作为主体,结合教学实际, 借助网上及其它参考用书，进行磨词、磨短语、磨句子、磨段落，提炼自编了每个单元的写作素材，并做了一系列的尝试， 收到了很好的效果。如以必修一unit5的materials for writing 为例，编成一张讲义。 案例1(描写人物的英语素材): (一) 英语作文中介绍人物的姓名、描述人物出身的词汇 1.Born into/in a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural Col lege in 1953. 2.Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky, USA. His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 3.Born of a poor farmer’s family, Li Hua had little schooling./ received little education. (二) 英语作文中描述人物外貌的常用词 1.英俊的 handsome 2.酷的cool 3.活泼的lively 4.可爱的lovely 5.强壮的strong 6.长得 1 好看的 good-looking/ fine-looking 7.一张圆脸/ 长脸 a round / long face 8. 苗条的 slim 9. 宽肩膀的broad-shouldered 10. 卷曲的curly 11. 脱顶的bald 13.有胡须的 bearded 14. 有皱纹的wrinkled 15. 金发的blond 16. 他中等个儿: He is in medium height. 17. 有大而明亮的眼睛的女孩 a girl with bright big eyes 18. 一个方脸的男孩a boy with a square face 19. 戴眼镜的男孩a boy with glasses (三) 英语作文中描述人物品质的词汇 1. 害羞的 shy 2.乐于助人的helpful 3.友好的friendly/kind 4.安静的 quiet 5.沉默的silent 6.耐 心的 patient 7. 幽默的humorous 8.仔细的careful 9.精力充沛的energetic 10.外向的out-going 11.勇敢的brave 12.诚实的honest 13.热心肠的warm-hearted 14.乐观的optimistic 15. 悲观的 pessimistic 16. 聪明的smart / intelligent17. 心胸宽广的broad-minded 18. 有 责任 安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权 心的 responsible 19. 独立的independent 20. 慷慨的generous 21. 自信的confident 22. 谨慎的 cautious 23. 坚持不懈的/有毅力的persistent 24. 真诚的sincere 25. 体贴的considerate 26. 幽 默的humorous 27. 有抱负的ambitious 28. 固执的 stubborn 29. 健谈的 talkative 30.随和的， 容易相处的 easy-going 31. 坦率的 frank/ straight 32. 有前途的 promising 33. 可靠的 reliable (四) 与人物叙事相关的短语 1.has/ show a gift for 2. a gifted / talent musician 3. be fond of 4. be good/poor at 5. become / be interested in; show interest in 6. be / grow crazy about 7. grow up 8. be brought up 9. in one’s teens/ twenties 10. at the age of 11. be in high/ low spirits 12. overcome difficulties 13. face challenges 14. come across setbacks 15. give me hope and encouragement 16. be strict with sb.; be strict in sth. 17. be hopeful about one’s future 18. be easy to get along / on with 19. take/ have a positive attitude towards life (五) 描写人物的英语作文范文 第一篇的范文是My grandfather 这一篇范文按照高考自选模块中05题的题型，挖空让学 生去填入单词。第二篇的范文是介绍乒坛名将邓亚萍(中英文范文展示)。从邓亚萍的成就， 人生轨迹，成功的启示这几方面成文。例如，文中下列的好句子就要求学生背诵并能默写出 来:It is the great efforts she made and her unbelievable determination that lead to/ contribute to her success. On her way to success, she proves to us that where there is a will, there is a way. 笔者和学生一起品读范文中的遣词造句，然后让学生通过模仿范例进行写作训练。 接下来进行写作的牛刀小试，笔者根据2008年湖南的高考题改编成了一篇书面表达: 下面是关于Helen Keller的信息，请用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求包括以下三部 分内容: 1. 对Helen Keller的简单介绍;2. 喜欢她的理由; 3. 从她身上得到的启示 Name Helen Keller Character ordinary but great woman; disabled; optimistic; eager to learn Motto “…if I had the power of sight for three days.” 基于上述足够描写人物的英语语言知识的输入，特别是笔者对描写人物范文的处理，指导 学生从何处着手，学生就能信心满满地开始构思Helen Keller作文，下笔也就如有神了。下 面是一篇学生的文章，教师未作任何的修改。 2 There’re many people standing out through their own hard work in the long history. Among them, Heller Keller, an ordinary but great American writer impresses me a lot. In fact, however, when she was a child, she got a high fever and unluckily she couldn’t hear, see and say anything. Disabled as she was, she used all her time to understand and appreciate the life. Nothing can stop her from learning; Nothing can stop her from enjoying every moment of life. There is no doubt that I admire her from the bottom of my heart, for whatever difficulty she met, she never gave up and always took an optimistic attitude towards her life. Such is Heller Keller. Her words “…if I had the power of sight for three days” have left a deep impression on me. Besides, her story often reminds me to cherish what I have at present and to love my life because life is just like a mystery which needs us to discover. 案例2(描写野生动植物保护的英语素材): (一) 与野生动植物有关的短语(useful expressions about wildlife protection) 1.Wild Life Day 2. in danger of dying out/ disappearing 3. become extinct 4. the extinction of wild animals 5. face the danger of 6. loss of habitats 7. for lack of food 8. save forests/ natural resources 9. stop cutting down trees 10. stop polluting the environment 11. keep /stop/ prevent people from destroying forests 12. build/ set up nature reserves 13. the importance of wildlife protection 14. keep the balance of nature 15.environmental protection 16. raise people’s awareness of the protection of species (二) 野生动植物现状的句子(sentences about the present conditions of wildlife) 1. The kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past decades. 2. On one hand, people hunt animals willfully for food or for the thick furs. 3. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 4. These rare animals, which are being hunted everywhere without limit, are in danger of dying out. 5. Some people lack awareness of animals protection and they are not concerned about animals. (三) 保护野生动植物重要性的句子(sentences about the importance of wildlife protection) 1. The endangered species remind us the importance of protecting wild animals. 2. A great deal of attention should be paid to protecting the wildlife. 3. As long as humans let wildlife live in peace, the wild animals will become our friends. 4. To protect wildlife is to protect ourselves. 5. Without animals, especially the rare ones, the world would not be as beautiful as it is now. 6. We should keep in mind that it is our responsibility to protect the animals. (四) 如何保护野生动植物的句子(sentences about how to protect wildlife) 1. Only in this way can we live in harmony with wild animals. 2. It is high time for us to take quick action to protect them from being hunted and killed. 3. The government should make more laws to forbid animal product trading. 4. We should educate the public to be aware of the importance of wildlife protection. 5. We can set up some Nature Reserves or Protection Zones to protect endangered wildlife 注:(上述内容划线黑体字为答案，给学生印发的文本中显示为空格，并注有中文，要求学 生填空) (五) 范文 (2013年 重庆高考卷保护长江江豚的写作) 每一个单元一张作文素材，学生积累起来，到了高三复习时，那也是一本很好的书面表 达素材本。 三(利用完成句子，夯实写作基础 3 完成句子是考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握和语法综合运用的很好方法，要求学生在日 常的英语学习中，熟记所学单元的词汇和短语，注重语法知识，并注重其在语境中的运用。 为此，笔者在每个单元的小测试中自编一道根据本单元所学的单词或短语填空，即完成句子 题。现摘录必修一unit1 Friendship和unit3 travel词汇测试卷的一部分如下: 1. “Are you sure you want him as your p_______ for life?” The minister(牧师)asked the young lady who_______(相爱)Mr. Johns for nearly eight years. 2. _______(曾经有一段时期) the old couple preferred to _______(遛狗)in the woods_______ (黄昏后) every day, which was really good for their health. 3. Recently, Jack has been always making me angry_______(故意地). So _______ (我觉得)， we _______ (不得不面对面地进行一次交谈) to remove the misunderstanding between us. 4. Angela Merke (默克尔)who was re-elected on September 22 this year was the first female Chancellor(女总理)in G_______ history. But do you know when she came to p_______ for the first time? 5._______(跑步时)in Jing Ping Park this morning, I met one of my old friends _______ (碰巧)， who I hadn’t seen for years. 1. My husband ________(喜欢)travelling and he has gradually got me i_______ in travelling too. We’ve been to many places in the world _______(自从…以来)we got married. This summer vacation, we visited Qingdao as _______(plan), for it was a place I had _______(梦想). However，we held different v _______ of choosing the right form of t _______ .My husband _______ travel by air _______ go by train, which he thinks is much faster and more comfortable. 2. While my son took his father’s side, _______(坚持)that nothing could match planes for speed and _______(comfortable).Finally, I had no choice but follow them although flying _______of 30,000 feet was so dangerous and it cost more f _______. 完成句子也是检测学生的英语语言表达能力，就如书面表达的前奏曲，从某种程度上可以 说成是一种微型书面表达, 是英语学习者写出地道英 语文 八上语文短文两篇二年级语文一匹出色的马课件部编版八上语文文学常识部编八上语文文学常识二年级语文一匹出色的马课件 章的一大基本技能。 四(借助句段翻译，促进写作能力 翻译，既可以是句子的翻译，也可以是语段的翻译。从理论上来讲，不管写作还是翻译 都属于一种创造性的语言活动，写作和翻译是密不可分的。因为写作中一定会有一部分内容 是需要翻译的，但是写作不仅仅是简单的翻译。它需要把翻译的东西，结合成一个有机的整 体。所以翻译是写作的基础，写作是翻译的提升。 笔者结合每单元的常用词汇，短语和重要句型，精心自编十来句的翻译句子。现摘录必修 一Unit2 English Around the World单元的五句翻译: 1. 信不信由你, 为了丰富我们的校园生活，学校将举行一个盛大的中秋晚会。(enrich) 2. 目前，越来越多的年轻人逐渐意识到吸烟对健康的危害。(gradually) 3. 她得到了一份高薪的(well-paid)工作，因为她是北京人，且能说一口流利的德语。(native) 4. 我认识安妮已有10年了。但她变化如此之大，我刚才没有认出她来。(recognize) 5. 事实上，这位著名的演员在这部电影里扮演了一个医生的角色。而这部电影是基于一个 真正的爱情故事的。(play a part of; be based on) 此外，落实语段翻译，换言之，限制性写作。它要求学生用本单元所学的单词及短语逐 句翻译，帮助学生准确把握短语意义并加以正确运用，这样就能逐步提高了构建单句的能力， 也能为进一步提高写作能力打下扎实基础。 面对刚升入高中的学生，笔者参考复习用书，利用必修一Unit1所学的语言知识设计了 这样的写作语段: 案例3:去年，李华前往(set out)美国读书。那是他第一次(It was the first time that…)离 4 开父母。因此，他饱受孤独(suffer from)之苦。他的父母非常担心(be concerned about)他的生活与安全。值得高兴的是，李华渐渐地在美国安顿了(settle in)下来, 并且与同学相处融洽(get on well with)。有困难时，他想办法克服。正是生活中的点点滴滴养成了(add up)他的独立性。现在，他已经不再厌烦(get tired of)大学生活了。 这样的设计集中了本单元的重点词汇，写作话题灵活，练习语境化的特点。虽然有时语句间的逻辑性欠佳，但有一定的趣味性，学生也是很乐意练笔的。值得指出的是，这样的写作训练尤其适合刚进高中的高一学生。 面对当前呼声很高的高考英语科目调整变化，笔者觉得我们英语教师也应关注教学趋势并调整教学策略。让英语语言回归它的本位，教学过程中注重语言的实际应用，解读新课标的基本要求。我们不能只追求应试技巧而忽略了学习语言的本质。句子、语段翻译是一条以译促写的巧途径也是适应英语教学趋势的一剂良方。 五(背诵美文佳句，提升作文档次 笔者在平时的日常生活和教学工作中，在浏览英文报刊杂志，阅读英语名著，欣赏英语影视作品，甚至在做英语试卷时，我总喜欢积累一些美文佳句。有一些经典的英语例句，我有时摘录给学生，让他们去诵读，去背诵。这对于培养学生良好的语言思维习惯和语感非常有利，也可以为他们的书面表达提供资源丰富的“养料”。 笔者把他们归类为有关励志的，友谊的，旅游的，幸福的，感恩的等等。现摘录部分如下: (一)有关励志的: 1. While there is life there is hope. 2. No matter how long the rain lasts, there will be a rainbow in the end. 3. Follow your dream and you’ll find success is just around the corner. 4. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (二)有关友谊的: 1. A life without a friend is a life without a sun 2. A friend is someone who fills our lives with beauty and joy and makes the world that we live in a better and happier place! 3. When it rains, I think friendship is a small umbrella. It can give me a piece of clear sky. (三)有关旅游的 1. As the old saying goes: “Reading thousands of books is equal to walking thousands of miles.” 2. Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the older, is a part of experience. 3. Travelling much, you will not only enrich your knowledge and experiences, but also be aware of the beauty of nature. 因为一篇文章写得好坏与否，归纳起来可概括为四个字“全、准、顺、雅”。所以， 教师在要求学生写作时，应指导学生写的文章内容要点要全，语言要准确，表达方面还要顺畅、流利。所谓“雅”，即指文章在表达方面所体现的美感。在求“全、准、顺”的基础上，还需要求雅，求新，求精，力求上层次，出精品，这恰好正是新课标提出的新要求。 六(注重“三法”讲评， 全面提升档次 写作讲评也是提高学生书面表达能力不可或缺的环节。书面表达讲评课中引导学生鉴别英语表达中同样或类似的错误，并反思自己习作中的错误。同时，它也旨在指导学生学习和掌握优美的表达方式和合理的谋篇布局，激活学生已有的语言知识， 1. 错误集锦讲评法 教师在写作讲评课时把学生习作中出现的各种错误显示给学生，使学生心中有数、有的放矢。当然，也可以让学生一起找出文中的错误，大家共同来找茬(spot the mistakes),最终实现有效避免错误的目的。 5 笔者把班级里英语基础相对较差的学生写的有关wildlife protection 中的一些错误展示出 来: S1: Wildlife is human friends, so we have responsibility to protect them from being died out. S2: As we know, animals is of great importance to us. S3: On the other hand, the goverment could set up reserve to provide place for animals live in. S4: The biggest threaten of wild animals is over-hunting, most wild animals are killed.(句子没有 连词，且不符合逻辑) S5: So forbid hunting is very important. S6: Third, many people like hunting and killing the animals, because it can give many money, people like things that made from animals. S7: I think people should pay more attention to protect environment. 2. 优美句子欣赏法 笔者组织学生将同学写出的优美词句与自己的相应表达进行对比，以体会高级词汇和较 复杂句子结构的使用，并灵活运用所学知识到自己的写作中。因为，好句子成就好文章。例 如: (一)有关旅游话题的作文中学生写出的优美词句录 S1: Let’s go for a travel without a second thought. S2: I hope all of you can make a challenging but rewarding journey S3: You should stop people from dropping litters casually. No matter how little the power is, it’s still a kind of support. S4: Another important thing you should remember is to follow the local customs when you go to a new place. S5: However, you can not ignore the following tips while traveling. S6: It is one of the best ways to keep a long journey in memory. It never fails to make our trip memorable. S7: I can well remember there was a time when I was first kept spellbound by the West Lake. The water shone like glass in the soft sunlight and I found myself clearly in the water. (二)有关网购话题的作文中的优美词句集 S1: Online shopping has gradually gained its popularity because it is more convenient for people to buy goods online than in traditional stores. S2: Online shopping, however, is not as perfect as it seems to be. S3: Personally speaking, shopping online surely brings us a convenient life, but it shouldn’t take the place of the traditional means of shopping. 从以上学生习作中的这些优美佳句可以看出，高一学生能写出如此精美的语段，也真的 是难能可贵了。笔者要求学生去背诵这些好词好句，学习习作中的经典语句，以求提高自己 编写经典语句的能力，进而创造有自己特色的良句美文。 3(优秀习作赏析法 学生在每次的写作之后，笔者都会让学生欣赏几篇优秀习作，并体会其中的谋篇布局， 应用到他们以后的写作当中。此外，笔者还把其中最优秀的一篇打印出来，稍作修改，润色， 然后让学生去背诵。以下是学校第一次学程考试的英语作文范文 How to Make True Friends Hello, everyone! Today I’d like to talk about “How to Make True Friends”. As is known to all, friendship plays a very important part/role in our daily life. People who have several true friends often live a free and enjoyable life. However, how to make true friends is still a puzzle to us. Now 6 I’d like to give you some tips. Firstly, be friendly to others. When coming across other people, saying “Hello” to them with a charming smile can make them feel at home. And we surely/certainly get one in return. Secondly, be helpful to others. Give a hand generously and properly when people need your help. Thirdly, be honest with others. Don’t cheat people by telling lies. Otherwise, nobody will believe you again. Finally, stay with those who have good habits so that you can learn from them. Remember to keep away from those who leave you alone when you are in trouble. Just as the saying puts it, “a friend in need is a friend indeed.” In a word, I sincerely hope all of you can find true friends. Thank you! 这是我在重新提炼后展示给学生的一篇优秀范文。我让学生在熟读成诵后并要求他们默 写出来。因为，想要文章写得有姿有色，只有阅读到能够背诵，才能将背诵的知识吸收并提 炼出来，活用于写作当中，学生的语用能力也得到了潜移默化的提高。在写作文时，学生也 会有一种思如涌泉的感觉。所以，“You ought to read very carefully, Not only very carefully, but also around and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were you.”(葛传英《The write of English》), 这就很充分说明了熟读成诵对写作多么的重要～ 七(小结 要提高学生的写作，期望学生的作文写得准，写得对，写得彩，写出水平，写出特色， 写出个性，绝非一日之功。需要教师在平时的教学中重视学生的基本功训练。笔者相信，只 要树立学生的写作信心，激发他们的写作兴趣，让他们掌握必备的写作技能，形成正确训练 的意识，尊重学生的实际情况和不同的学习阶段特点，创造性地开发和利用好各种教学资源， 为学生的写作积累素材，教师良好的教学目标定有收获。教师可每周给学生布置不同体裁的 写作，长期坚持适量的训练，学生对于写作的态度也会从面对pressure到充满pleasure. 他 们 “下笔如有神”的境界也将水到渠成。 参考文献: 1, 教育部 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》人民教育出版社，2003年 2. 马智慧“在日常英语教学中基于词块的写作技能训练”，《中小学英语教学与研究》 2013 年第5期 3. 刘涛 夏飞华 “一节高三书面表达讲评课的教学设计”，《中小学外语教学》2008年第6期 7