2015年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

2015年12月大学英语四级真题及答案 精品文档 2015年12月大学英语四级真题及答案 今天是四级英语考试的日子，2015年12月四六级真题 暂未公布，以下为大家提供2015年6月的四级考试真题及 答案，仅供参考! Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank follwing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making choices. Each choie in the bank is identificated by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answere Sheetwith a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questiontoare based on the following passage. Its our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity,after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting ___36___ can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how___37___being a couch potato can be. In an analysis of data from eight large 1 / 20 精品文档 ___38___published studies, a Harvardled group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel ___39___,the risk of developing Type diabetes(糖尿病)rose0% over.years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a ___40___, and the odds of dying permaturely___41___ 13% during a seven-year follow-up .All of these___42____are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting ,viewing TV may be especially__43___at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to ___44___them. Even so, the authors admit that they didn?t compare different sedentary activities to ___45___whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes,heart disease or clearly death compared with, say, reading. 注意:此部分 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 请在答 题卡2上作答。 2 / 20 精品文档 A)climbed I)previously B)conseme J)resume C)decade K)suffered D)determine L)suffering E)effectIve M)term F)harmful N)terminals G)outcomes O)twisting H)passively Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attavched to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Essay -granding Software Officers Professors a Break [A] Imagine taking a college exam, and instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professoer a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are done and receiving a grade back 3 / 20 精品文档 instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with the exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade. [B] Edx,the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Thnology(MIT) to offer courses on the Internet ,has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institutioons that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks. [C]The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of the automation education. Altough automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet provided widespread acceptance by educations and has many critics. [D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is 4 / 20 精品文档 president of Edx, predicted that the instant grading software would be a useful teaching tool,enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers . He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades.“Thers is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr.Agarwal said, “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.” [E]Butskeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no matter for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human grades. [F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁) opposing automated assessment software. The group, 5 / 20 精品文档 which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky. [G] “Let?s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group?s statement reads in part. “Computers cannot „read?. They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical (伦理)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.” [H] But EdX experts its software to be widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Geogetown and the University of Texas. In all, 1universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools. [I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders 100 essay or essay questions. The 6 / 20 精品文档 system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank. [J] Edx is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. there is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states — Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia — are using some form of the technology in second schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader”, to check the reliability of the human graders. [K] But the growing influence of the Edx consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. 7 / 20 精品文档 L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “it allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right, ” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera. [M] Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 Prizes aimed at improving software that grades essay and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contents, Vik Paruchurt was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. [N] “One of our focus is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It?s probably 8 / 20 精品文档 impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests”. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot of more time. [O] Mark D.Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation?s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology — though imperfect — has a place in educational settings. [P] With increasing large class, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation?s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. [Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine over could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.” 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Some professors in education are collecting 9 / 20 精品文档 signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading. using software to grade students? essay saves teachers time for other work. the Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software. Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators. 0Somepeopledo?t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders. 1 Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in leses famous university. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot measured by computer rating programs. As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give student valuable comments as to how to improve their writing. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders. Students find instant feedback helps their 10 / 20 精品文档 learning considerably. Directions: There are passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questionto0 are based on the following passage. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some5% of American men aged2-7with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with2% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound. The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than 11 / 20 精品文档 ever before. Over the next0 years the global population of those agedor more will almost double, from00 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the0th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美 国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly 12 / 20 精品文档 educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age. 注意:此部分试题请在答 题卡2上作答。 .what is happening in the workforce in rich countries? A. younger people are replacing the elderly B. well-educated people tend to work longer C. unemployment rates are rising year after year D. people with no college degree do not easily find work 7what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor? A. Longer life expectancies B. Profound changes in the workforce C. rapid technological advance. D. A growing number of well-graduated. 、what do many observers predict in view of the 13 / 20 精品文档 experience of the0th century? A. Economic growth will slow down. B. Government budgets will increase. C. More people will try to pursue higher education D. There will be more competition in the job market. 、What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B. more people have to receive in-service training. C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 0.What is characteristic of work in the1st century? A. Computers will do more complicated work. B. More will be taken by the educated young. C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones. D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age. Some of the world?s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is 14 / 20 精品文档 the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world?s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring. The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between4% and9% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world?s most populous(人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. 15 / 20 精品文档 The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.” The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed billion people in050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued. Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughted up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 1.What does the author try to draw attention to? A)Food riots and hunger in the world. C)The decline of the grain yield growth. B)News headlines in the leading media. D)The food supply in populous countries. 16 / 20 精品文档 2.Why does the author mention India and China in particular? A)Their selfsufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets. B)Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years. C)Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns. D)Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted. 3.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts? A)They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s. B)They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production. C)They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world. D)They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 4.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades? A)The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies. B)The optimistic prediction about food production 17 / 20 精品文档 should be viewed with caution. C)The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed. D)The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 5.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation? A)It is built on the findings of a new study. B)It is based on a doubtful assumption. C)It is backed by strong evidence. D)It is open to further discussion. Directions: For this part, you are allowed0 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2. 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是 大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位， 以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植 水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区因为过于 寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。 在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和 面条。 -5FBMCE QGPJD 18 / 20 精品文档 B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. B) A rapid technological advance. A) Economic growth will slow down. C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. 0 D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 1 C) The decline of the grain yield growth. A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food feed grains. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是 大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位， 以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植 水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区由于过于 寒冷或过于干燥无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在 中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面 条。 In the eyes of the western, the basic food closest 19 / 20 精品文档 to China isrice. Rice has long occupied so significant a position in the dietof Chinese that there is a proverb “ Even a clever housewife cannotcook a meal without rice”. Rice is grown mostly in southern Chinawhere people usually take rice as their staple food, while itcannot be planted in northern China where the climate is either toocold or too dry for rice to grow. As a result, the main crop in thenorth is wheat. In China, flour is sometimes the main ingredientfor bread but more often used to make buns and noodles。第一句，简 单句;第二句如此以至于结构“so... that„“注意so的用 法，直接接adj. 或adv。第三句南北对比，可以用while 或whereas连接，最后一句也是对比句，主语people是比 较泛的大主语，考虑改写为被动句。 20 / 20