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高中非谓语动词讲解

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高中非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词) 不定式 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往...

高中非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词) 不定式 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如: It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. To believe him is to negate my own idea . (3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth.中当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用 for. 作宾语 He managed to escape from the fire. I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如: I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 作宾语补足语 表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如: We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态) (3) There +不定式。如: We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 (2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. 作定语 不定式作定语,通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如: I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系) He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系) 作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。 做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如此···以便···)如: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed. 作表语 His dream is to be a doctor. Her work is to look after the babies. 独立结构。如: To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you. To make matters worse, it began to rain. 不定式的时态和语态 不定式的时态 现在时: I hope to see you again. 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如:I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如:He seems to be eating something. 完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。如: She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 不定式的语态 He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. 省to 的动词不定式 情态动词(除ought 外,ought to) Would rather, had better. 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补,省略 to. 注意:在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如: The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. 使役动词 let, have, make. 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个 to 可以省去。如:He wants to move to France and marry the girl. Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth. Why…/Why not… But 和 except 前是动词 do 时,后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较: He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后,可以省去 to be .如: He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。 动词不定式的否定式。如:Tell him not to shut the window. 动名词(动名词具有动词和名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语) 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语,常用于如下结构: It’s no good/use doing···如: Seeing is believing. 作宾语 只能接动名词作宾语的动词: admit,advise 建议 关于小区增设电动车充电建议给教师的建议PDF智慧城市建议书pdf给教师的36条建议下载税则修订调整建议表下载 ,risk,appreciate,envy嫉妒,avoid避免, consider考虑,delay延迟,deny否认,dislike不喜欢,enjoy,escape逃避,excuse原谅、宽恕, finish完成,forgive原谅,understand理解,give up放弃,imagine想象,keep保持,mind介意、在乎,miss未达到,practise训练,put off推迟,resist抵抗,suggest建议、暗示 can’t help 禁不住,can’t stand无法忍受,devote to(to为介词)致力于···,look forward to 期望、盼望, stick to坚持,be used to习惯于,object to反对,be busy忙于···,fee like想要··· be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃 接动名词、不定式均可,意义相同的动词:like,love,dislike,hate,begin,star,continue, 下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词: Stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 Forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 Remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 Regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 Try to do 企图做,尽力做 try doing 试着做 Go on to do 继续做(另一件事) go on doing 继续做(同一件事) Mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 Need, require, want作“需要”讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,be worth也有类似用法。如: The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 作定语 动名词作定语,一般表示用途。如: a waiting room,a diving board,a reading room,a dining hall 注:(1)现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句。 如:a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping (2)动名词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 如:a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 动名词的时态和语态 动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常要用完成式,否则都用一般式。如: We are interested in playing chess. He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time. I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. We must do something to prevent water from being polluted. He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 分词(分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。) 现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 现在分词和过去分词的区别: 在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义; 在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成 如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 分词的作用 作定语 The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. There is nothing interesting. 分词与定语从句。 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件) ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light. A followed B following C to be followed D being followed ______ , liquids can be changed into gases. A Heating B To be heated C Heated D Heat 注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较: Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。 (二)分词的时态 现在分词分一般式和完成式,而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。 现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生,或在谓语动词之前发生。例如: Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations. 现在分词的完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如: Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。 (三)现在分词的被动式 被动一般式 being done 被动完成式 having been done This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine. (四)分词的否定形式 分词的否定式,由not+分词构成,例如: Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again. Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help. (五)分词独立主格结构 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构, Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. The meeting being over, they all left the room. 作插入语 其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如: _1234567890.unknown
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