nullFoundations of Group Behavior & Understanding Work Team Foundations of Group Behavior & Understanding Work Team NISHA HARIYANIDefinition of a GroupDefinition of a GroupA collection of individuals, the members accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment
Harold H. Kelley
and J.W. ThibautThe Nature of groupsThe Nature of groupsThree views :
Normative views describes how a group is to be organized and how its activities are to be carried out.
Group dynamics consists of a set of techniques.
Regarding internal nature of groups null Theory of Propinquity- People associate with one another due to geographical proximity.
Balance Theory- People who have similar attitudes toward certain objects and goals tend to form a group.
Exchange Theory- The reward-cost outcomes of interactions serve as the basis for group formation
Dynamics of Group FormationnullVarious Types of Groupsnull These groups are formed by the organization to
carry out specific tasks.
It includes two types:
Command group
Task groups
Formal GroupsnullCommand Group:
Represented in the organization chart.
Permanent in nature.
Members report to common supervisors.
Functional reporting relationship exists.
Task groups:
Formed to carry out specific tasks.
Temporary in nature.Formal Groups contd…null Informal groups are formed by the employees
themselves. Hence they are not formally
structured.
They are of two types:
Friendship groups
Interest groups
Informal GroupsnullSmall groups:
Only a few members.
Face-to-face interaction and better communication is possible.
Large groups:
Members is very high.
Personal interaction is not possible.Other types IncludenullPrimary group:
It is made up of members who have similar and loyalties and has a feeling of friendship towards each other.
Secondary groups:
They share same values and beliefs, but because of the size of the group, they do not interact often with each other
Coalitions:
They are created by members for a specific purposed and do not have a formal structure.nullMembership groups:
They are the groups to which individual actually belongs.
Reference groups:
It is actually the groups to which an individual would like to belong. Stages of Group DevelopmentStages of Group DevelopmentnullStages of Group DevelopmentnullPunctuated Equilibrium ModelPunctuated-Equilibrium Model
Temporary groups go through transitions between inertia and activity.Sequence of actions:
Setting group direction
First phase of inertia
Half-way point transition
Major changes
Second phase of inertia
Accelerated activitynull It helps shape the behavior of its members, predict the behavior and guide the performance of the group as a whole.
Group Structurenull Leader’s behavior has a significant impact on the group behavior and performance
Style of a leader is imitated by the members of the group. Formal leadershipnull Set of behavior pattern which an individual occupying a certain position in society is expected to display.
Dimensions of role are:
Role Identity
Role perception
Role Expectations
Role ConflictRolesnull Acceptable standards of behaviour within a group that are shared by the group’s members.
Norms pertaining to performance related process
Appearance norms
Norms pertaining to informal social arrangements
Norms that regulate the allocation of resourcesNormsnullA socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.
Example : a cabin of one’s own an air conditioner etcStatusnull
Groups of 5-7 members exercise the best
elements of both small and large groups.
Social Loafing - The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.Size of a Groupnull Most group activities require a variety of skills and knowledge. Research studies show that heterogeneous groups are likely to perform more effectively.
Composition of a Groupnull The effectiveness of a group is influenced by the complexity and the interdependence of the task to be performed by its members.
Large groups facilitate pooling of information e.g. addition of a diverse perspective to a problem-solving committee.
Group Tasksnull The processes that go on within a work group e.g. communication patterns, group decision processes, leader behaviour, power dynamics, conflict interactions etc.
Synergy.
Social
facilitation effect.Group ProcessesnullNorms and roles in informal groups
Norms:
Roles: sharper, plant, monitor evaluator, team worker, implementer, co coordinator, complete fisher, resource investigator, specialist
Dynamics of Informal GroupsnullSignificance of Informal Groups: Informal group are quite powerful and influential because the members of the group have a lot in common and depend on each other to carry our organizational activities.null Prevent organizational changes
Role conflict
Increased scope for rumor
Pressure to conform to group normsDifficulties and problems Associated with informal GroupsnullDynamics of formal work GroupsAlthough group dynamics is generally associated with informal norms and roles, formally designated work groups also have noticeable dynamics.
Example: CommitteenullPositive Attributes of Committees It facilitates the integration of the ideas and opinions of the members.
It brings together people with varied experience, knowledge and abilities.
It helps in the development and growth of human resources
It helps in the development and growth of human resources Negative Attributes of CommitteesNegative Attributes of Committees very time-consuming and costly.
responsible for a bad decision or mistake Understanding Work TeamsUnderstanding Work TeamsDefinition of Work TeamsDefinition of Work TeamsA small number of people with complemen-tary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable”.
-G. Moorhead and R.W. GriffinBenefits of Work TeamsBenefits of Work TeamsEnhanced performance
Employee benefits
Reduced costs
Organizational enhancements
Team Versus Group: What’s the DifferenceTeam Versus Group: What’s the DifferenceWork Group
A group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each group member perform within his or her area of responsibility.Work Team
A group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.nullTypes of TeamsTypes of TeamsProblem-Solving Teams
Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment.Self-Managed Work Teams
Groups of 10 to 15 people who take on the responsibilities of their former supervisors.Types of Teams (cont’d)Types of Teams (cont’d)Task forces
CommitteesCross-Functional Teams
Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.Types of TeamsTypes of TeamsVirtual Teams
Teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.Team EffectivenessTeam EffectivenessProviding a supportive environment:
Relevant skills and role clarity:
Focus on superordiante goals.
Team rewards:
.
Shaping Individuals Into Team PlayersShaping Individuals Into Team Players Selection:
Good interpersonal skills
Training:
Can be trained by specialists
Rewards:
Financial or non financial rewardsApplying Group Concepts to Teams: Towards Creating Effective TeamsApplying Group Concepts to Teams: Towards Creating Effective Teams Size of work teams
Abilities of members
Allocation of work roles
Strong commitment to a common purpose
Specifying clear and realistic performance goalsnull Good leadership and effective structure
Preventing social loafing and determining accountability
Proper evaluation and reward systems
Generating mutual trust among team membersnullTeams and Total Quality Management TQM means process improvement and employee involvement is the key to process improvement.nullTeams and Workforce DiversityDiversified teams provide unique and innovative solutions, but at the same time, they are cohesive.nullTeams and Workforce DiversityAdvantages
Multiple perspectives
Greater openness to new ideas
Multiple interpretations Increased creativity
Increased problem actions solving skillsDisadvantages
Ambiguity
Complexity
Confusion
interpretations Miscommunication
Difficulty in reaching a single agreement
Difficulty in agreeing on specific
本文档为【群体行为与工作团队】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑,
图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享,如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服,我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。