流派There are 3 major schools of linguistics in western. They are respectively the Structuralism School, the London School and the Transformational-Generative Grammar.
1. The Structuralism School
The Structuralism School includes the Prague School, the C...
There are 3 major schools of linguistics in western. They are respectively the Structuralism School, the London School and the Transformational-Generative Grammar.
1. The Structuralism School
The Structuralism School includes the Prague School, the Copenhagen School and American structuralism.
The major representative of the Structuralism School---Saussure---is the father of modern linguistics. He believed that language is a system of signs and language is of arbitrariness. He distinguished language and speech, synchronic and diachronic, and proposed the concepts of signifier and signified.
2. The London School
Britain has a long tradition of language studies.
The major representatives of this school---the great phoneticians B. Malinowski, J.R. Firth and M.A.K. Halliday---all stressed the importance of context of situation and the system aspect of language.
Its major views are as follows: Meaning is use. Context determines meaning. Language is a system of many sub-systems. It pointed out three macro functions of language (ideational, interpersonal, textual function).
3. Chomsky’s Transformational-Generative Grammar
Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and children are born with what he calls a Language Acquisition Device which is a unique kind of knowledge that fits them for language learning. He argues that children are born with knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal.
区别与联系
The connection and difference between the Structuralism School and the London School are as follows:
Both studied language from the perspective of system.
The former studied language in terms of syntagmatic. It was argued that no element of any language can be satisfactorily analyzed or evaluated if viewed in isolation.
The latter studied language in terms of paradigmatic. It argued that the system is a list of choices that are available in the grammar of a language.
The differences between the London School and Transformational-Generative Grammar are as follows:
First, the former held that language is a social fact while the latter held that language is a psychological fact.
Second, the former believed that language similarities come from the common use of language while the latter believed that linguistic universals are men’s biological inheritance.
Third, the former said that language learning comes from children’s needs and development while the latter said that children are born with the ability to acquire language.
传承：The London School added the functional studies on the basis of the Structuralism School.
本文档为【流派】，请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑，
图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换，文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改，也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享，如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服，我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生，若发现您的权利被侵害，请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn，我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权，请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传，仅限个人学习分享使用，禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
浙公网安备 33021202002483