[宝典]动名词作主语、宾语和定语
动名词作主语
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It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
解析:答案为D。Having the answers ready是动名词在句中作主语的用法。
【重点归纳】
动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式之一,起名词的作用,但是仍然保留动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。 动名词作主语的主要用法如下: 1. 动名词直接放在句首作主语。如:
Taking more exercise will keep you healthy.
2. 动名词在“It is no use (no good, fun, a waste of time) 等 + 动名词”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。如:
It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
It is no use complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.
3. 动名词在“It is useless (nice, good, interesting, worthwhile) 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主
语。如:
It is good having a walk after supper.
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。如:
No smoking! (= No smoking is allowed!)
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语。如:
有时可以在动名词前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构,此时,该所有格作动名词的逻辑主语。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
动名词作宾语
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Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____alone, but she didn’t like it and
moved back home. (2008湖南卷)
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
解析:答案为A。本句考查动名词作宾语。try doing sth意为“试着做某事”。
【重点归纳】
动名词作宾语主要有以下用法:
1. 有些动词后面
要求
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跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有:
admit 承认;excuse 原谅;practise 练习;appreciate欣赏;finish 完成;prevent 防止; avoid 避免;forbid 禁止; consider 考虑; forgive 宽恕;delay 耽搁;imagine 想象;deny 否认;resist 抵制;risk 冒险;dislike 讨厌;mind 在意;dread 害怕; miss 错过; suggest 建议;enjoy 喜欢;escape 逃避;permit 允许。如:
Will you admit breaking the window?
2. 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词短语有:
can’t stand 忍不住;can’t help 忍不住;feel like 想,欲;give up 放弃;put off 推迟,
等。如:
He put off making a decision till he had more information.
Do you feel like taking a walk?
3. 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后作宾语。这样的介词短语有:instead of, look forward
to, object to (反对), keep on, see about (料理,处理), take to (开始从事)等。如:
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.
We are looking forward to coming to China.
4. 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词; be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lose time (in) + 动名词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中,动名词作介词宾语,in常要省去。如:
The children are busy doing their homework.
There is no point (in) doing the simple experiment once again.
5. 在复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,将动名词短语放在后面。如:
I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.
6. 动名词完成式由“having,过去分词”构成,
表
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示发生谓语动作之前的动作。如:
I remember having locked the door when I left the office.
7. 动名词被动式的用法:
当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时,动名词则要用被动式“being,过去分词”。
如:
He didn’t mind being left at home.
This question is far from being settled.
注意:
1) 在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时,习惯上要用主动式表示被动意
义(但若用不定式,则用不定式的被动式表示被动意义)。如:
The outside of the house needs painting (to be painted).
2) 在be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义。如:
This might be worth thinking about.
不定式作宾语
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There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 解析:答案为B。mean to do sth意思是“想,打算做某事”。本句考查不定式作宾语。
【重点归纳】
不定式作宾语的主要用法如下:
1. 以下动词后面只能接不定式作宾语:
help, refuse, learn, demand, choose, expect, agree, plan, promise, offer, mange, pretend, fail,
aim等。如:
He pretended to be friendly with me.
2. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后。
Jim found it important to learn English well.
3. begin, continue, start既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词。但是要注意以下两点:
1)当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,后跟动词不定式。如:
He is beginning to realize what a rough situation he was in.
2)begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,后跟动词不定式。如: