数码相机拍照技巧和要素（Digital camera photography skills and elements）

数码相机拍照技巧和要素（Digital camera photography skills and elements） 数码相机拍照技巧和要素(Digital camera photography skills and elements) Digital camera photography skills and elements Today, with a simple digital camera, you can easily take pictures of the United States and the United states. In fact, to take pictures of the United States and the United States is very simple, as long as the master of the following three elements, your photos are no longer in the eyes of others commonplace life. Shoot three major elements: The three elements of a photograph: focus, exposure, composition, are the basis of photography. Exposure refers to the intensity of light induced by a negative or CCD photosensitive element. If the light is not adjusted to the most suitable intensity, the film and the CCD cannot correctly record and confirm the image. The intensity of light can be controlled by adjusting the aperture and shutter speed. 1. focus should be clear "People in this picture look at fog and fog." do you often have this problem? Generally speaking, this is the problem of focusing. There are several techniques for focusing. Look down, please: Recognize the focus: The general digital camera to focus, are at the center of the camera, you can see a small box from the LCD camera to take pictures, please put on to a small box, press the shutter, hear the beep, and there will be a small green light (depending on types of camera), said have to focus on. The subject is focused: 1. put people first in the center and focus 2., press the shutter first to complete the focus, then press the shutter hand do not let go, otherwise the focus will run away. 3. move the person to the side, complete the composition, and then press the shutter button to complete the photo, because the focus has been focused before, so the focus will not run away. Watch your hands shake: Stable camera is the only proper course to take, but you also need to keep the shutter speed, now the digital camera, will display shutter and aperture data. Generally known as safety shutter, simply say, do not be less than 1/30 seconds, if you find the shutter value is less than 1/30, please use the tripod to increase stability. 2. exposure should be correct What is exposure (exposure compensation)?: In traditional photography, we refer to the exposure value (Exposure, Value) is called the EV value. You can do + / - adjustment, which is more than one exposure (light) or less exposure to a (DIM) adjustment, the exposure of the image more correctly, photos will not be too dark or too bright. (digital cameras now have the EV button.) Formula: the case of dark dark, bright light is met If the subject is very dark, then reduce the EV value (change the dark) If the subject is bright, increase the EV value It's a contradiction, right? After reading the following explanation, you'll see the effect of the EV value The current digital camera will automatically help you figure out the best exposure, but in some cases, the camera will be deceived by the circumstances of the shooting, resulting in misjudgment. Pay attention to the environment: Usually the background is too bright environment, there may be a hero standing in a white wall, or wear white clothes, or in the white sand, or snow, will cause the background brightness is greater than that of the body, this formula will come in handy. Conversely, if you wear dark clothes or when the background is too dark, you should reduce the EV value. Flashing light: The flash is not only used at night, but the appropriate time during the day and the use of flash can increase the correct exposure rate. 3. the composition should be special When you are familiar with the first two techniques, we come to the last and most important technique: composition The general composition of the following tips, please look carefully: Gold composition: Often hear some professional photographers about gold composition, but we never know what is the composition of gold today, simply introduce the concept of gold composition, so that you can become a professional photographer. In fact, the gold composition is a proportion of the segmentation, the segmentation ratio of 2:3, 3:5, 5:8, etc., that is, in the photos, cut out the proportion of lines, and then arrange the photos of the scene, showing the proportion of 2:3 Square composition: It is found that the intersection of the four lines in the square is the most sensitive aspect of human eyes These four points, in the theory of foreign countries, also known as "fun center point", as long as we master these four points to composition, to ensure that you shoot out of the map, is no longer a life picture. When shooting, you can use LCD camera, imagine, cut out squares, then the main body and the extension of the foreground or background, arranged in two different points on a diagonal mark, to complete a Jiugongge composition, simple. In fact, the squares of the composition can be applied in many places, such as shooting coastline, you can put in the 1/3 above or below the 1/3 on the coast, can create a different feeling, it is not put in the middle of the screen. 6 practical techniques for digital camera photography Even if you have the experience of traditional film photography, you should pay attention to using digital cameras for digital photography The problem is to make the photos more perfect! 1. be careful with the viewfinder error The optical viewfinder of a common digital camera is of a paraxial type, and the scenes seen from the optical viewfinder are shot with the lens The photograph is not passed through the same optical axis, and the more myopic the object is, the more obvious the difference is. There are always some optical viewfinder The proximity compensation flag tells the photographer the approximate error. Using LCD viewfinder can solve this problem to a large extent. but Yes, the resolution of LCD is not always proportional to the camera's CCD. I found a lot of what I saw on my camera LCD in my test The image can't be exactly the same as the picture in the cut. If you are satisfied with one hundred percent of the photos taken, Often concerned, it is best to shoot their own checks. 2. don't trust LCD too much The most interesting thing about digital cameras is that they can instantly see pictures taken, if not satisfied Delete, re shoot immediately. The obvious problem of composition, framing, light, of course, can be found immediately, but the focus is not Accurate, camera shake and other glitches may not be visible on a very low resolution LCD display, so you don't have to be superstitious about L CD. As with traditional film cameras, an important prerequisite for taking good pictures is to hold the camera and focus the camera. We send Existing camera LCD brightness and color recovery are some errors, from the LCD saw the shooting results with the final display in the computer The image on the monitor is not very different. After a few careful comparisons, users can adjust to the difference. 3. ensure camera stability The shutter lag time of digital cameras tends to be close to 1 second, and many people use digital cameras to hold them down as soon as the shutter is turned off The camera's hand, and as a result, when the shutter is open, the camera is moving and gets blurry pictures. Using LCD viewfinder allows shooting More convenient, but the hand will leave some unconsciously shake, and this shake is often not aware of the photographer. therefore If your digital camera has an optical viewfinder, use it as much as possible, and close the camera to the head can effectively reduce the shake - - - You've also got an added reward: the camera battery has been used for a long time since the power hungry LCD screen has been turned off. stay Try to use a tripod or other support as much as possible to ensure that the camera does not wobble for longer periods of exposure when the light is poor. (three) . 4. accurate focus Digital cameras now focus automatically, but the machine doesn't do everything for you. Focusing of digital cameras The point is usually located at the center of the picture, that is, it adjusts the focus distance based on the position of the object at the center of the picture. If yours The composition happens to be that the subject deviates from the center, so you need to focus your camera first on the main body, and then re compose and follow the shutter Filming. When the light is weak or the contrast of the object is small, we find that many cameras are difficult to find the correct focus Find an object that is the same distance as the camera from the camera, and focus it first, then change the composition Photo. 5. with proper resolution Users who buy digital cameras often prefer to pick high resolution ones, Also like to shoot with the highest resolution of the camera. actually Many applications (such as web pages, photos, prints, etc.) do not require 2 million pixel pictures, and use lower scores at this time Resolution allows you to take more pictures, and the camera handles more quickly. 6. use the best aperture Digital cameras tend to have lenses with larger aperture numbers, and in automatic mode, the camera program tends to be larger The aperture to shorten the shutter time and prevent vibration. But the common sense of photography tells us that the camera lens is usually from the biggest light When the circle shrinks around two, the pictures taken are the best. So if the image quality is your most concern, you can make With aperture first automatic exposure, the aperture from the maximum down to smaller, often better results. Large optical band Another problem is that the depth of field is small, that is, the range of focus is small before and after the focus, and the small aperture can extend the depth of field, This is especially true in close proximity. If the camera does not have aperture priority, try to maximize ambient brightness, The camera will automatically select a smaller aperture or use a flash, and the quality of the image will also improve. Ten elements of photography One of the ten elements: always get your camera ready There are many wonderful pictures that only appear once in our lives, when we have no cameras on our hands. In order to be able to capture these priceless photos, as a photographer you must hold a camera at any time and place. If your professional camera is too big to carry, I recommend you buy a small camera to capture it. Personally, I think an ordinary photograph captured in an instant is far more valuable than a long, colorful picture. Ten elements of the two: let your portrait like pictures full of dynamic Do not keep your model in a pose when shooting a portrait, so that he can try all kinds of movements. In this case, it can effectively avoid the rigidity of the characters in the picture and allow your model to maintain a natural expression at all times. Now, pictures of PLMM on the cover of the magazine are taken in this case. Ten elements of the three: the use of large zoom In general, the closer your camera is to the object, the better the pictures you take. Because the short distance removes the distracting background, the themes are prominent and the images are clearer. Many DC can now be taken at very close distances. This makes it easy for us to create images that are subject to detail. Four of the ten elements: use a simple background We can only take long distance shots when the camera or the situation is not allowed. Here, try to use the color and structure of relatively simple content as the background. It also highlights the theme of your picture. Five of the ten elements: keep the theme of the photo away from the center of the composition Although the body is in the composition of the center is a prominent theme, very correct however, appropriate the image of the subject deviates from the center can increase the image motion, and the traditional method is also able to attract most attention. But the deviation from the center must be moderate, otherwise it will be counterproductive, resulting in messy picture composition results. Six of the ten elements: putting foreground objects into landscape photos While we're shooting our vision, it's better to include close objects in the picture (say, four corners of the picture). This can highlight the distance sense of the picture and increase the depth of the picture. Ten major quality seven: find a suitable light source Light is very important for the exposure of film (CCD). A perfect light source can make your photograph look colorful, deep and beautify the object you are shooting. Strong sunlight is just one of many light sources. Cloudy weather is the best for shooting people, because of the weather, The light is very soft and the performance of the face is very good. The pictures taken on a sunny day are very sharp and shadow. Eight of the ten elements: firmly hold your camera In order to take sharp and sharp pictures, your camera must be firmly controlled. In order to achieve this effect, when pressing the shutter, you should press it at a uniform speed, not too fast, otherwise it will affect the stability of the handheld camera. You can maintain the stability of the camera by forming a triangular support with the strap. Of course, it's better to use a tripod. Nine of the ten elements: use your Flash correctly If you can make full use of the flash, you can greatly enhance the imaging effect of the photo. Especially indoors. The flash of each camera has its range of action, and the object should be within the range of the flash when shooting. Generally speaking, the range of the flash is within 4~12 feet. Not only indoors, but also outside the flash can play a role, he can play down the shadow generated by the sun, and make the color bright. The final ten elements: use the correct ISO SPEED (this is not the same as Kodak) As you all know, different ISO values correspond to different light. generally speaking ISO 100: clear, bright weather ISO 200: cloudy, cold weather ISO 400: indoors, night But because of the particularity of DC, high ISO value in the case will generate noise. So try to use low ISO values whenever possible. Photography skills: 7 entry techniques for night scenes I believe many photography beginners like to shoot night scenes. But at the beginning, the results are often not satisfactory. In fact, as long as you master the skills, you can easily take a high level night view! Tip 1: bring your own foot rest Shooting night scenes usually takes a long time to expose, so the camera must stay hidden before taking a clear picture. It is better to use a three - foot stand to reduce the shake, so as not to destroy the photo effects due to shock. Tip two: lower the brightness (ISO) I believe we all know high brightness can shake the problem at the same aperture value that a faster shutter speed to reduce the shooting, but it will make the photo generate noise. Especially when shooting night scenes, long time exposure to shadow noise is particularly evident, so if the circumstances permit, should use the three foot and the lower ISO value in order to obtain the best shooting effect. Tip three: use a wide circle lens for framing When we put the lens on the fuselage, the aperture of the lens will automatically open to the maximum. In a dark environment, the larger aperture allows more light to enter the camera, making the viewfinder picture clearer. For example, two photographers shoot the night scene at the same time and at the same location. A maximum aperture of f/2.8 camera and another using the maximum aperture f/5.6 lens viewfinder f/2.8 aperture the photographer on the screen will be significantly more bright, the photographer can easily see details. Tip four: shoot with a small aperture It looks like it might be a little contradictory. I just said I was going to use a big lens. Why do you want to use a small aperture now? The reason is simple. The use of the large circle lens is to make the photographer see more clearly in the viewfinder, but the aperture is smaller when shooting because of the following two reasons: The small aperture makes the depth of field greater, so that the scene is not blurred by the effect of shallow depth of field; If there is lighting at night, the use of small aperture shooting, you can make the light star type, the effect is more prominent. Tip five: long exposure One of the most common techniques for night scenes is long exposure (shutter speeds slow to 10 seconds, 30 seconds or hours), which can be used to track cars, stars, rails, waves, and so on. Long exposure not only smoothes the waves, but also records the tracks of the red tail lights of the car, Low light, let him go. But with negative film, especially color negative, you'd better gain exposure to a. 8.Quick Flash-fill Rule (fast flash output rule) When your camera does not automatically control the flash, the sensitivity of the flash is set to two of the film. If the body is measured, the body selects the aperture, and the flash is set to the same aperture. In this way, the shadow area of the picture is lower than the brightness of the main body. 9.Flash Range Rule (flash distance rule) The law is simple: the distance is multiplied by 2, and the sensitivity is multiplied by 4. For example, when your flash is on ISO 100, the effective distance is 20 feet. If you want to make the distance of the flash reach 40 feet, you need ISO 400. 10.Megapixel Multiplier Rule (pixel doubling rule) If you want to double the resolution of your digital camera, it's simple to quadruple your pixels. 11.Action-stopping Rule (capturing dynamic rules) The law is based on empirical formulas of angles and velocities. If the object moves along the axis of the lens, and you can capture it with a 1/125 shutter, then its motion against the lens axis can be captured with 1/500. That is to say, if the object moves 45 degrees along the axis of the lens, it requires only 1/250 of the shutter speed. 12.Sunset Rule (Sunset rule) When shooting sunset, you want to measure the upper part of the sunset, but you can't let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to look one hour later than the actual time, you can reduce it by 1. in the exposure compensation Photography skills: 3 techniques for photographing people in the sun Source: New Photography Imagine the scene. In a sunny day, you go out with your friends. You decide to take some pictures with your camera - what weather is better for a photograph than a bright day? Bright lights are good pictures, don't they? Unfortunately, most light doesn't equal good pictures - in fact, when you shoot people in bright sunlight, you often get into trouble. Taking a picture of the sun in direct sunlight at the end of the day means that your subject will have very strong shadows on his face. Not only that, if you take a picture of yourself in the sun's lap, you'll know how difficult it is to get a picture that looks very natural. In the picture you squint and look like you're suffering from pain. What else can we do? Here are 3 simple tips for shooting portraits in the sun. If you don't want to drag out an outdoor studio to take pictures, they're the best for you. 1. fill flash Using flash lights in the hot sun seems a bit out of the question, but the sun is actually one of the best things to do with flash. A flash of light from the pop-up light on the camera can drive off a dense projection of the object's face - these projections usually appear in the eye. Most of the cameras have flash output compensation function, allowing the user to adjust the flash light, so don't meet the first photo shoot on you like the left or the right to adjust the compensation to a few pictures, until a light is the most natural photo. Another advantage of using filler flash is that it can darken the background, which makes the picture more visual and allows the object to be more prominent from the background. You can also create and fill flash eye sign. The backlit photos fill flash is also useful, although the model's face from the sun, but the light can give their hair and shoulders with contour light, creating a very good effect. 2. take pictures in the shadows A simple way to eliminate the shadow on the model's face is to take pictures in the shadows. The key is to find a less black and well lit place, so avoid the kind of light that leaves the sun shining through the trees. If you're going to take a picture of yourself, then you can ask the other person to lift an umbrella or something, just give a uniform shadow on your face. 3. use reflectors You may not always carry out the reflector (but I know that some readers are always reflector in photography with a bag can be folded), but that doesn't mean you can't find some simple alternatives in its principle is that the light reflected to the subject's face to fill the shadow area. Most of the white surface can be used as a reflector, which raises them at the correct angle, to fill the model. Some photographers always wear white T shirts for this reason, but it's the same effect that makes the model stand next to the white wall or place some white objects outside the screen. I've also seen a friend's foil used as a reflector on a picnic (but this can produce spot light). Additional skills: Creativity Once you've taken some great portraits of people based on these tips, why don't you do some experiments to see if you can add more ideas to the photos with bright lights? You can just add some great elements. Shooting in the sun, for example, creates flare flares.