经济学毕业论文英文文献及翻译2

经济学毕业论文英文文献及翻译2 Green trade organizations: striving for fair benefits from trade in non-wood forest products K. Dürbeck Klaus Dürbeck is a consultant based in Raubling, Germany. A sampling of organizations and alliances that bring together producers and traders committed to ecological, economic and social sustainability. Green trade organizations aim to secure sustainable supply systems and to ensure benefits to local people from national, regional and international trade. These organizations promote trade practices that adhere to the principles of sustainable development in all its facets: ecological sustainability (use and conservation), economic sustainability (productivity) and social sustainability (equity). The main handicap of those involved in production and trade of non-wood forest products (NWFPs). from indigenous peoples' associations to private-sector enterprises, is the lack of market information and market access and the difficulty of obtaining information on appropriate processing technologies for their products. Green trade organizations can help improve access to national and/or international markets for NWFP producers, especially those in developing countries, and at the same time provide guidance on increasing added value for their agricultural and forest products. In addition, they can assist in the export of products, thus helping to provide foreign exchange for the home country. Green trade organizations are united in various alliances according to their main focus (ecological, social or economic): • The International Federation for Alternative Trade (IFAT) (www.ifat.org) brings together producers of handicrafts and food products from developing countries with buyers and managers of "alternative" trading organizations to do business in a way that is beneficial and fair, avoiding traditional intermediaries. • The Fair Trade Federation (FTF) (www.fairtradefederation.com) is an association of wholesalers, retailers and producers committed to providing fair wages and good employment opportunities to economically disadvantaged artisans and farmers worldwide. It links low-income producers with consumer markets and educates consumers about the importance of purchasing fairly traded products which support living wages and safe and healthy conditions for workers in developing countries. FTF also acts as a clearinghouse for information on fair trade and provides resources and networking opportunities for its members. • The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) (www.ethicaltrade.org) is an alliance of companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and trade union organizations working to promote correct implementation of codes of labour practice. Its activities include the monitoring and independent verification of the observance of code provisions. 中文翻译: 绿色贸易组织:木材争取不公平的利益为林产品贸易 光Dürbeck 克劳斯Dürbeck是Raubling的一名顾问，德国。 一个组织的抽样和联盟，汇集生产商和贸易商致力于可持续发展的生态，经济和社会。 绿色贸易组织的目标是确保可持续供应体系，确保贸易的区域和国际利益，当地人民从国家。 这些组织促进贸易做法，坚持可持续发展原则的所有方面:生态可持续性(使用和保护)，经济可持续性(生产力)和社会可持续性(股票)。 从人民的土著协在非木材森林产品)主要伤残(其中包括产品的生产和贸易的非木材森林。 会，以促进私营部门的企业，是产品缺乏市场信息和市场准入以及他们的困难为适当的加工技术获得的信息。 绿色贸易组织可以帮助改善获得国家和/或国际市场的西北边境省的生产者，特别是在国家的发展，同时提供更多指导附加值产品价值的农业和森林。 此外，他们还可以协助产品出口，从而帮助提供本国的外汇。 绿色贸易组织是团结各联盟根据他们的主要重点(生态，社会或经济): •应用IFAT)(国际联合会替代贸易( www.ifat.org )汇集了组织“另类”交易生产者和管理者的手工艺品和食品的购买者来自发展中国家做到公平营商的方式，是有益的，并避免传统的中介机构。 •公平贸易联盟(飞思卡尔技术论坛)( www.fairtradefederation.com )协会是一个批发商，零售商和制造商承诺提供公平的工资和良好的就业机会，经济上处于不利地位的工匠和农民全世界。生产者与消费者的联系是市场的低收入和发展中国家educates消费者在购买有关公平交易的重要性以及安全和健康的条件下支持产品，对工人生活工资。 飞思卡尔技术论坛也作为一个公平的贸易交流中心，并提供信息资源及其成员交流机会。 •道德贸易行动(ETI)的( www.ethicaltrade.org )是一个实践的联盟公司，非政府组织(NGO)和工会组织的工作，以促进劳动法规的正确实施。 它的活动包括监测和守则条文独立核查的遵守。