各种自然灾害的预防及自救方法（Prevention and self-help methods of natural disasters）

各种自然灾害的预防及自救方法（Prevention and self-help methods of natural disasters） 各种自然灾害的预防及自救方法(Prevention and self-help methods of natural disasters) A new generation of weather radar and automatic meteorological station, mobile meteorological station and the meteorological satellite and other modern means of detecting the increase for the latest typhoon real-time monitoring capability of the exergy numerical forecast products for accurate forecast of typhoon path for the future provides a reference for the operator to make pre typhoon disaster weather forecast more confident and accurate grasp the advanced forecast provides scientific basis for exergy backbone forecasters play an important role in Typhoon Forecasting service. The 4 strategic measures the universal public awareness of disaster prevention disaster prevention is the main. Enhance the awareness of prevention the suffering from the disaster prevention and mitigation measures need to enhance the public awareness of disaster prevention, extensive understanding and mastering the knowledge of disaster prevention. In the event of natural disasters, the ordinary people can know how to deal with the disaster situation how to protect themselves and help others ". The government and social organizations should organize and publicize the knowledge of disaster disaster training professionals or volunteers. The relevant departments through books, newspapers and periodicals, audio-visual products and electronic publications, radio, television, network and the extensive publicity prevention, risk aversion, self and mutual rescue and disaster relief of the sense to enhance public awareness, social responsibility consciousness and self-help and mutual aid capabilities. Through the development of the disaster prevention and disaster reduction in exergy into the community, into the campus, into the enterprise, into the village "the most basic action to community residents, the majority of the students, employees, especially the rural farmers in remote areas, social vulnerable groups enhance awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation of the master basic disaster prevention and self-help, mutual aid skills" to achieve the goal of reduction disaster. The need for disaster prevention and mitigation from children to disaster, disaster emergency knowledge into the teaching content of primary and secondary schools. The relevant departments should prepare natural disaster prevention brochures and publicity materials of the wide publicity to improve grassroots participation in emergency management capabilities and ability to save and spread knowledge, disaster emergency management knowledge, the knowledge of disaster prevention and mitigation. The public should attach great importance to the understanding of the disaster warning information of all kinds of warning information meaning in disaster warning information received the warning information according to the different, different warning level "to take positive and effective coping. Need to build a broad, smooth warning information dissemination channels. The use of radio, telephone, SMS, mobile phone and Internet display blocks and other forms of warning information the important warning information can be real-time playing and rolling broadcast on television. The relevant departments to ensure that disaster warning information to the hands of users effectively in time so that they have the opportunity to take effective preventive measures to reduce the casualties and property losses to. In recent years, the meteorological department in major weather warning information service in the relevant government departments to submit the decision for meteorological information at the same time in the TV broadcast and the rolling warning by mobile phone SMS weather warning information will be released to the user so that the grassroots cadres and the masses of the early warning case so as to solve the meteorological products from the Meteorological Bureau to ordinary users of the "last mile" problem "has achieved good results. The 5 strategic measures emergency rapid response mechanism of government, the relevant departments need to establish emergency management mechanism of the unified command, responsive, full-featured, coordinated and orderly and efficient operation. "Rapid response, coordinated response" is the core of emergency mechanism. Disaster prevention and mitigation involves all aspects of the needs of various departments of government organization and leadership of the positive response. In the meteorological disaster emergency management in the meteorological department in the internal linkage and the strengthened horizontal linkage with news, civil affairs, water conservancy, safety supervision, marine, agriculture, forestry, environment and other departments in close collaboration and the establishment of emergency response mechanism to the meteorological work into government public service system. The need to strengthen local management on the construction of the emergency response team to establish the joint coordination system to fully mobilize and play a role in the towns, communities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and volunteers of the disaster management rely on public power to form a standardized and efficient workflow. Effect of 6 strategic measures for the action of different classification of disaster prevention disaster to human life, social and economic activities, the key difference in disaster prevention and mitigation measures are also different as the focus is on the typhoon disaster the strong winds, heavy rain, high tide defense of coastal vessels, the strong influence of fog, coastal residents are great influence on the formation of snow the main sand storm disaster the effect of air quality on aviation and transportation. Take targeted measures according to the different characteristics of disaster and impact on social and economic characteristics of the. The typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation should be based on the typhoon warning the timely evacuation of the coastal area residents personnel should stay for flash flood and debris flow and strengthening port facilities in a safe place to prevent the wind ship anchor, grounding and collision the removal of billboards in high-rise building the strong prevention caused by heavy rain as much as possible. On the development of flood disaster based on rainfall the flood detention area, the timely transfer of personnel, the timely transfer of property of city residents in dilapidated and low-lying danger zone "cut off low-lying danger outdoor power. The fog occurs when the atmospheric visibility and air quality significantly decreased the airport, highway, shipping outage, closed the traffic driving speed control measures to ensure the safety of the personnel of the residents go outside, when they go out wearing masks. The snowstorm occurred when the relevant departments to do well the off road traffic and road sweeping the snow melt work drivers to drive carefully to prevent the influence of the icy road traffic when necessary. The effect of artificial 7 strategic measures to help disaster weather has become an important means of disaster reduction technology. In the organization under appropriate weather situation to carry out artificial precipitation, artificial rain, hail suppression, artificial fog operation can effectively prevent and mitigate the drought, floods, hail, fog and other weather disasters and losses. The 8 strategic measures risk assessment of the rainy day natural disaster risk refers to the possibility of the disaster may reach in the future several years and the. To carry out the investigation, analysis and evaluation of the occurrence of the disaster risk to specific areas and different kinds of disaster to understand all kinds of natural disasters caused by natural disaster factors, social, economic and environmental effects of short-term and long-term changes in the way and the effect of the action and on the basis of the natural disaster risk reduction the reduction of natural the disaster caused by the social economy and people's life and property loss. Natural disaster risk assessment including disaster monitoring and identification, to determine the natural disaster grade and the establishment of disaster information system and assessment standards, assessment model, disaster risk evaluation and countermeasures. The sensitivity of different levels of development of area of natural disasters and vulnerability of the disaster prevention ability of the different vary. Areas of economic strength and development level, the social system, the disaster area is an important factor affecting regional self-help skills and ability to recover the ability of self-organization. The economic developed area once suffered major natural disasters the disaster recovery capability of the high speed "but its loss is bigger also included underdeveloped areas to withstand natural disasters is very weak. When the disaster risk caused by the vulnerability of disaster factors and nature, society, economy and environment is also combined with the increase. The natural disaster risk assessment and application of the comprehensive evaluation results we can further explore the natural disaster risk management model and the preventive measures can be targeted to the disaster control standards and improve the understanding of disasters in the disaster area to use. In the disaster risk assessment of the experience and practice of the United States and other developed countries are worth our learning and reference. The United States began in 1960s on the establishment of the inland and the surrounding waters, forests and other natural resources mapping, survey collected a large number of relevant government agencies of the flood, fire, storm and disaster related data for the area later to provide a scientific basis for disaster management. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological survey, geological survey, the United States Coast and Forestry Bureau, the agency recorded a large flood, shipping disaster, extreme weather events, the forest fire and the related reasons and measures of information. On the basis of the risk assessment information such as dams, reservoirs, etc. the seawall emergency refuge sites from the legal control of exergy exergy utilization of disaster prone land development and construction of infrastructure building the large-scale disaster prevention and disaster prevention engineering standards and regulations included through education and publicity of disaster area residents provided the high awareness of disaster prevention of exergy crop, flood and earthquake insurance to carry out the experiment to improve the exergy of climate such as artificial rainfall, fog, and the storm weakened and decrease formation pressure to avoid the earthquake gap. In the first part of the disaster relief in the middle of the last century the federal government has also developed a nationwide start permanent disaster relief project. The U.S. Army Corps of engineers in the construction engineering disasters (levees, dams and flood control wall) and the implementation of the large-scale artificial beach nourishment project also provides funding for coastal areas, establish the supervision storm invasion model of cross continent hurricane evacuation plan (flood affected) wetland use license management etc.. The insurance company as the federal insurance administration together with the local government supervision area and high risk in coastal areas and the management of the drawing through a variety of policies to enhance public awareness of the flood disaster recovery work life of the staff to help promote in the severe flood threat to the region's long-term residents relocation.