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BEC中高级写作精华第一讲 BEC写作概述 BEC写作简介: 写作考试共进行45分钟,占总成绩的25%,小作文占10分,大作文占20分。 1、写作目的与要求 • Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues. • Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not p...

BEC中高级写作精华
第一讲 BEC写作概述 BEC写作简介: 写作考试共进行45分钟,占总成绩的25%,小作文占10分,大作文占20分。 1、写作目的与要求 • Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to colleagues. • Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do; such errors as occur will not prevent understanding of the message. • Can write a simple report. 2、测试题型 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 题型: •商务便条类; •商务便函类;•商务书信类;•商务报告类 3、BEC写作评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 注意:content; accuracy; conciseness第二讲 BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体 第二讲 BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体 第一节 BEC作文评分标准 级别 第一部分 第二部分 5 全部完成答题要求 · 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 · 语言 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 、自然;错误最少,均属小错。 · 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。 · 组织效果好,注意前后呼应。 · 语域和格式完全适当。 给读者的印象极佳。 9或10分 18或20分 4 较好的完成答题要求 · 所有内容点都处理得不错。 · 大体准确;运用复杂语言时有错误。 · 结构合理,用词准确。 · 大体上组织较好,注意逻辑关系。 · 语域和格式总体来说适当。 给读者的印象良好。 7或8分 14或16分 3 尚能达到答题要求 · 所有的主要内容点已包括进去,遗漏了一些次要的内容。 · 出现一些错误,但不妨碍交流。 · 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。 · 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 · 语域和格式尚可,虽然并不完全成功。 给读者的印象较好。 5或6分 10或12分 2 不能完全达到答题要求 · 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分,可能有些不切题。 · 有时错误影响清楚交流,错误较多,使读者感到迷惑。 · 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 · 内容条理不清、不连贯,造成理解困难。 · 语域和格式不适当。 给读者的印象不佳。 3或4分 6或8分 1 未能达到答题要求 · 显著的内容遗漏或大量内容不相关,可能由于误解题目要求。 · 严重不规范,经常出现基本错误。 · 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。 · 缺乏组织,造成交流失败。 · 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。 给读者的印象极差。 1或2分 2或4分 0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。 0分 0分 评分五个方面: • content • language • structure & vocabulary • organization 第二节 商务英语写作的一般特点与基本要求 I. 内容的完整性 II. 语言: 6C原则 1.准确 (correctness) (1) 恰当的语言风格 (2) 准确的措词和信息 (3) 正确的语法和标点符号 (4) 正确的拼写 2.清楚(Clarity) (1) 逻辑布局 (logical organization) 常用的逻辑布局 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 包括: • 因果关系 • 时间顺序 • 序列顺序 • 一般到特殊 • 特殊到一般 (2) 合理构架句群与段落(well-written sentences & paragraphs) 合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度,把各种长短句、简单句复杂句组合成长度适中的段落。 (3) 统一性与一致性 (unity & coherence) 每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证。而每一个段落中都要有一个主题句,其它句子都围绕它进行论证。句与句,段与段都要前后呼应,首位连贯。 (4) 强调 (Emphasis) ①位置:重要内容放句首。 ②重复:简单地重复表达某一部分。 ③数量:利用较多篇幅讨论某一观点。 ④技巧:大写、加下划线等技巧 (5)避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。 3.简洁 (Conciseness) (1) 使用简洁的语言 (2) 少用陈词滥调 (3) 免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复 (4) 删改无关紧要的成份 (5) 多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。 4.具体(Concreteness) 尽可能将a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less量化 (1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。 (2) 使用具体词汇 5.完整 (Completeness) 6.礼貌 (Courtesy) (1) 使用礼貌友好的词汇 (2) 采用体谅对方的写作态度 (3) 措辞得体,避免采用消极性的词汇或句式 (4) 避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语 (5) 及时答复 III. 结构:注意连贯和衔接 1. 连贯 (coherence) 常见连接词有: • 表示罗列增加   First/ First of all/ Above all/ To begin with,   Besides / What’s more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover/ Additionally, Finally/ Last but not least,   For one thing … for another…,   On (the) one hand…on the other hand,   Especially / In particular, • 表示时间顺序   now, at present, recently,   after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,   at first, in the beginning, to begin with,   later, next, finally,   immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment   form now on, from then on,   at the same time, meanwhile,   till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, • 表示解释说明   now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually • 表示转折关系   but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, • 表示并列关系   or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor • 表示因果关系   because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that • 表示条件关系   as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless • 表示让步关系   though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom) • 表示举例   for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example • 表示比较   be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as, • 表示目的   for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, • 表示强调   in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, • 表示概括归纳   in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion, 2. 衔接 (cohesion) • 返指 (referring back) 例如: A. Davis opened a door. “Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.” He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer. B. The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by. 第三节 商务英语写作的文体风格 关于文体,还应该注意: • 注意自己在题目中的身份 • 从来不要用And引导一个句子。 •不需要括号 •不要缩写 •不要引用 •不要one-word sentence. •不要使用口语谚语、不要使用比喻 •不要使用修辞性的句子。 第三讲 商务便函 I. 商务便函的内容与特点 商务便函(memorandum, 简写Memo)是同一商业组织内部广泛使用的书面联系方式。它可以在同事之间、上下级之间、部门与部门之间使用。商务便函的内容通常包括:传达指示、发布通知、任命职务、了解情况、要求合作、汇报工作、提出建议、发表看法、探讨问题或节日安排等。 注:凡是与公司外部进行正式的商务联系,必须用正规的商务书信。 II. 商务便函的结构与格式 一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函。虽然排列格式不一,但基本组成部分是一样的。请看下面的例子: Interoffice Memo To:(收信人) From:(发信人) Date:(日期) Subject:(事由) Message:(正文) 商务便函一般由以下几个部分组成: ① Memo Memo是Memorandum缩写,因此也可以用Memorandum,此外还有Internal Memorandum和Interoffice Memorandum,其意思都是一样的。 ② To 这一标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔,姓名前可以用尊称或不用。如: To:Mr. John Smith,Sales Manager ③ From 这一标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔:职衔可根据需要决定写或不写,但姓名前不要用尊称。如: From: John Smith, General Manager ④ Date 日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样,不要用数字来表示月份。 ⑤ Subject 这一标题后是写事由的,即用一个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内容,以便查阅。事由必须简洁明了,不要用完整的句子,如: Changes in Travel Advance Form Promotion of Staff Vacation Schedule Participation in Training Programmes ⑥ Message 正文常常不需要注明这一标题。 正文与一般书信有所不同,可长可短,往往使用简短地句子和段落。有时只有一句话,有时有好几个段落。为了使阅读者一目了然,各段前还可以写上序号。 便函的内容虽然丰富,但它不像商务书信那样讲究措辞,那样注意开头与结尾的表达,只要意思表示清楚即可。 ⑦ 除了上述6个部分,商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。 SCHOOL OF ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS MEMORANDUM To: Mr. Kingswick, Course Coordinator From: Barnsby Campbel Date: 19 November, 1995 Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November Lecture To: Mr. Kingswick, Course Coordinator From: Barnsby Campbel Date: 19 November, 1995 Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November Lecture I intend to teach memo writing in my next lecture. I plan to cover the following plans: 1. Inside Address This is omitted in a memo. As internal communication the reason is obvious. 2. Greeting It is mere polite to put Mr., Mrs. or Ms before and the office after the name of the recipient You may sometimes address the readers as a group. 3. Subject This is a phrase to tell the reader what the memo is about. Sometimes only the phrase is given without the word Subject before it. 4. Body These should be short, less than 10 lines, and concentrate on only one paragraph one idea each: Sometimes for memos with three or more paragraphs, it is advisable to begin each with a heading in capital letters to tell what the paragraph is about. Another practice is numbering the paragraphs for easy reference later on. 5. Carbon copy This is written as c.c. for short. As in a letter, it lists the persons who are also receiving the memo. 6. Signature Only the initial is needed, The office and name in print of the writer are omitted. In more casual memos there is no signature at all. Any thought on my notes? Anything to add? Let me know at tea break. c. c. Mr. P.L. Ducke, Training Officer III. 商务便函写作的基本要求 •倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。 •内容可长可短,但必须紧扣主题,切忌在一封便函中讨论几个不通的话题。 •用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。 •常常在一开头将写作目的和盘托出,中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐述,结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。 IV. 商务便函分类范例 1. 告知信息类 tell/ notify/ mention /express/ inform/ explain /note/ report/ advise I am writing to tell/inform you that….. I am writing to explain…. (tell your boss why you cannot attend) I am writing to express (my regret) 例题 2: You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organise foreign language training for some of your staff. Write a memo of 40 - 50 words to staff: • explaining why the courses are necessary • saying which members of staff should attend • announcing when the courses will start 【范文】 Internal Memorandum To: All Staff Date: 1 March 2005 From: the Training Manager Subject: Foreign Language Training Course I was asked to organise a foreign language training course because of the large export order we received recently. It will start on 15 March and will last 2 weeks. Those who will deal with orders should attend this course. 2.布置安排类 例题 : You are Head of Research for an international car manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a colleague who works for a subsidiary. Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretary: • telling her who you are going to see and when • asking her to book flight tickets and accommodation • telling her what work you would like her to do in your absence. 相关词汇:subsidiary, parent company, holding company, affiliate, branch, headquarters, representative office 【范文】 Memorandum To: Date: From: Subject: I need to have an urgent meeting with Pierre Blanco of our Paris office tomorrow. Please book a return ticket to Paris and a hotel room for me as soon as possible. During my absence, please keep me informed of the progress of the project. If there is anything urgent, give me a phone call. 3.征求意见类 例题 : You are a Project Team Leader. You have had to postpone your next project meeting because some of the members of your team will be abroad. Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team: • informing them of the postponing and giving the reason • stating a new date and time for the meeting • requesting suggestions for the agenda. 相关词汇:postpone; delay agenda, schedule, timetable 【范文】 Memorandum To: Date: From: Subject: I am writing to inform you that the next project meeting will be postponed. Because several team members will be abroad for another project, we will hold our next meeting on 1 August, starting from 9am. Please let me know if you have any suggestions as to the agenda of the meeting. 最后一句话可以替换为: Do you have any suggestions regarding the schedule? I welcome your suggestions concerning the timetable. 4.求助申请类 You have lost your calculator, and you want to order a new one. You need to make a written request to your supervisor, Ann Ray. Write a memo of 40-50 words to her • saying that you need a replacement • explaining what happened to the old one • asking her to approve the request 【范文】 Memorandum To: Date: From: Subject: I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator. I found the old one missing after the client meeting yesterday. As a calculator is essential to my daily work, could you kindly approve this request? 第四讲 商务便条 I.商务便条的内容与特点 商务便条则是一种最简易的非正式的书面联系形式,其内容多是当天或近日内要办的事。便条的形式简单,所用语言更加口语化,往往寥寥数语,直接告知对方某件事情或要求对方做什么。商务便条多用于同事之间,语气没有商务便函正式。通常在无法当面通知或电话联系的情况下使用。 常见内容有:临时通知、请求、询问。留言、转述电话留言等。 II. 商务便函的结构与格式 商务便条一般有四个组成部分:日期、称呼、正文、签名。一些公司有印好的便条笺。如: Message To: Date: ___________ Message: 商务便条的称呼比较随便,可直呼其名,如:Mary, Tom,也不用结尾敬语。但在较为正式的场合,如写 请假条 请假条模板免费下载请假条下载请假条范文下载请假条文本下载请假条模板免费下载 给上司,最好用敬语,如:Dear Mr. Smith。 签名写在右下方 ,只写名字,不写信,有时也用姓名缩写。 商务便条的格式不规范,那人尽可能简单。一段话或一句话,甚至不用完整的句子,只要把意思表达清楚就可以了。便条的文字通俗而口语化。一般可省去 “I”的自称和系动词。 例 1:请假 Thursday To: Mr. Slater I am sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to go to the office today due to a sudden dizziness. So I have to ask for a day’s sick leave. Susan Dulles 例 2:让秘书通知推迟约会 9 a. m. Miss Wang , I've got an urgent meeting today. Please contact the applicants to postpone the interviews till further notice. DS 例 3:安排工作 To: Mr. Richardson Message: Please send a letter to Naves Limon in C. R. Find out: Are they satisfies with the order? Can we provide any after-sales advice? Encourage repeat order. III. 商务便条写作的基本要求 •倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。 •内容可长可短,但必须紧扣主题,切忌在一封便函中讨论几个不通的话题。 •用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。 •常常在一开头将写作目的和盘托出,中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐述,结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。 IV. 商务便条范例 例题: You would like to go to a seminar on presentation skills. Write an email of 40-50 words to your line manager: • requesting time off work to go to the seminar • saying when the seminar is • explaining why you want to go 相关词汇:line and staff management, line manager, staff manager 句型:May I have your permission to do sth。? To: Nick Johnson Subject: Presentation Skills Seminar I would like to attend a seminar on 3 April. It is about presentation skills. Since I have to make many presentations to customers, this seminar will be very useful. Could you tell me if it’s possible to take time off work to attend this seminar? Thanks Angela 例题:推荐建议类 Your company’s Sales Department has asked you to give a talk next Friday on your most recent project. Write an email to Mrs. Jay in the Sales Department: • agreeing to give the talk and suggesting a time • saying what equipment you will need • requesting information about the participants. To: Anna Jay Subject: Talk Next Friday I would like to give the talk suggested by you and I think 9.30am, after the break, would be the perfect time. Required equipment: — Overhead Project — Flipchart with Pens Please give me some information about the people participating. Renate 第五讲 商务信函写作 第一节 商务信函的内容与格式 I.商务信函的内容 商务信函是企业对外进行联系的书面手段。 商务信函涵盖广泛,种类繁多,主要包括推销函、讯价函、报价函、订货函、催款函、投诉函、索赔函、邀请函、道歉函、致谢函、申请函、应征函等。 II.商务信函的组成部分 商务信函一般由7个部分组成。下面依次介绍: 1. 信头 (letterhead) 大多数公司一般都有用印有信头的特制信笺,多数印在信笺上方的正中。 2. 日期(date) 写法有英式和美式两种。英式写法是按日、月、年的次序;美式写法是按月、日、年的次序。尽量避免用数字写日期的方式。 3. 信内地址(inside address) 包括收信人的姓名和地址。一般写在信笺的左上角。分数行来写。 4. 称呼(salutation) 如:Dear Mr. Morris Dear Sirs/Madams Dear Members of Federation of Trade Union Dear Program Director 5. 正文 (body) 首先,表明写信人收到对方的来信或来电,或是作自我介绍,或是扼要说明写作目的。然后,用主要篇幅阐明所要表达的内容。结尾,表达写信人希望早日收到回信或回复。正文要求简明扼要,条例清楚,段落不宜太长,尽量一段一意。 6. 结尾敬辞(complimentary close) 结尾敬辞的选择要视通信者之间的关系和写信目的而定,应该同称呼相吻合。 参看下表: Salutation Close Comment Dear Sirs/Madam Dear Professor Lee Dear Ms. Jackson Yours faithfully Yours truly Yours respectfully formal Tom My dear Chirs Yours sincerely Best wishes/regards With lots of love informal 7. 签名(signature) 在打印体的上方签名。 以上7个部分是商务信函的必要组成部分。以下部分可以根据实际工作的需要,有选择地增减。 8. 事由 (Subject) 写信人为了突出改信的目的,或是为了使收信人迅速领悟来信的意图,可以采用标题的形式写明信函的主旨。事由写在称呼的下一行、正文上方的中间位置。 一般不超过一行。 第一个词和关键词的首字母要大写。前面可以冠以“Subject”或 “Re” (with reference to) 的缩写。 例:Subj.: Cancellation of the Order (No. 205) 9. 附件 (Enclosure) 商务信函后常附有其它文件,如产品目录、价目表、订单、发票等,这就需要在信笺的左下角,签名下方二至三行处注明Enc.或Enc.。若附件不止一个,用Encs.或Encls.。 10. 抄送 (Carbon Copy) 如果写信人需要将该信交给收信人之外的其他相关个人或部门,可以在附件下方写上C.C. 字样,然后再写抄送个人或部门的名称。例: C.C. George Alexander C.C. After-sales Service Dept. 11. 附言 (Postscript) 附言的使用要慎重。它是用来强调信中谈及的要点,或补充说明某一问题。语言要简练,一般写在信笺的最下端,抄送的下方。附言前可加上P.S.或PS。例: P.S. Discounts are available for VIP clients. III. 商务信函的格式及例题 1. 平头式 (Block Version) 【范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, We welcome you the order above order. The prices you mentioned are old ones. The current prices should be 5% higher. However, we accept your order and wish to assure you that delivery will be made immediately we receive your L/C. Our T-shirts and knitting wares enjoy favourable reception in the world market because of their fine quality and excellent craftsmanship. No wonder your customers have remarked favourably on our products. You may be sure that we shall do our best to maintain our reputation for quality and reliability. We enclose a quotation for summer wares, such as bathing suits, all cotton vests and shall be pleased to receive further orders from you. Yours faithfully, Edward White 2. 缩行式 (Indented Version) 【范文】 October 30,2005 Messers Samson Ghadban Co., Ltd. 15 Horns Avenue, Tripoli Lebanon. Dear Sir or Madam Thank you for replying so promptly to our enquiry for lightweight extinguishers and also for your offer to arrange a demonstration. Our general manager and our office manager will both be able to meet Mr Burton at any time during the morning or afternoon of Thursday, November 10th. It would be helpful if Mr Burton would write or phone to let us know at what time we may expect him. Yours faithfully, John Black 3. 例题 例题1 • You are the owner of a clothing factory. A customer has sent you a letter summarising a recent negotiation. You have written some notes on the letter. • Write a 120 - 140 word reply to the buyer using the letter and your notes. Mrs P Mirza Lahore Textiles 6 Ocean Road Lahore Dear Parveen It was good to see you again last week and we are delighted that your silk blouses will be included in our winter catalogue. As promised, listed below are the points agreed at the meeting. 1. The contract is for the Sheba range of silk blouses in three colours. 2. You will grant us exclusive import rights for the blouses in the UK. 3. The quantity will be 5,000 pieces, with a further option of 3,000. 4. The price per piece will be $ 5.65 for the first 5,000. You will confirm the price for the optional 3,000 pieces. 5. Payment will be by letter of credit. 6. The initial order will be ready ex factory by 1 August 1999. I trust you will find this in order. I look forward to your written confirmation in due course. Best regards Stephanie powell Chief Purchaser 【范文】 Dear Stephanie, Thank you for your letter of 1 March. We are delighted that the Sheba range will be in your catalogue. There are, however, some small points which need clarifying. • The Sheba range comes in six colours. Please look at the samples and confirm which three colours you would like. • You referred to the further option of 3,000 pieces. I thought we had agreed on 4,000. Please confirm the correct figure. • I can confirm the optional pieces will cost $ 5.25 each. Unfortunately, due to a full order book, we are unable to deliver by 1.8.99. The earliest date would be 15.8.99. I hope this will be acceptable. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Parveen Mirza 例题2 • The company you work for is expanding rapidly and is looking for new premises. Your Managing Director is interested in Waterside Industrial Park, and has asked you to write a letter to find out more information. • Read Waterside Industrial Park’s advertisement below, on which your Managing Director has already made some notes. Then, using all your Managing Director’s handwritten notes, write your letter to Rosemary Brown at Waterside Industrial Park. • Do not include postal addresses. Write 120-140 words. WATERSIDE INDUSTRIAL PARK · A variety of large and small units available. · Financial help available for many companies moving to the area. · Excellen
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