2012年江西中考化学试题及答案

2012年江西中考化学试题及答案 江西省2012年中等等学校招生考试化学试题卷 说明:1(本卷共有五大题，23小题。全卷满分100分，考试时间为70分钟。 2(本卷可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 O—16 Na—23 S—32 Fe—56 Zn—65 3(本卷分为试题卷和答题卷，答案 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 写在答题卷上，不得在试题卷上作答，否则不给分。 一、单项选择题(本大题包括9小题，每小题2分，共18分。每小题有四个选项，其中只有一个选项符合题意，请将正确选项的代号填涂在答题卷的相应位置上) 1(下列生活用品用金属材料制作而成的是( ) A(陶瓷杯 B(不锈钢碗 C(塑料盆 D(玻璃茶壶 2(下列物质不属于空气污染物的是( ) A(氧气 B(一氧化碳 C(烟尘 D(氮的氧化物 3(用灯帽盖灭酒精灯的灭火原理是( ) A(清除可燃物 B(降低酒精的着火点 C(隔绝空气 D(降低温度至酒精的着火点以下 4(下列取用固体药品的操作正确的是( ) A( B( C( D( 5(下列关于水的说法不正确的是( ) A(水是人类宝贵的资源 B(长期饮用蒸馏水有益健康 C(水是一种常用的溶剂 D(自然界的水都是混合物 6(江西武宁白钨矿储量丰富，有望成为世界钨都。白钨矿的主要成分是钨酸钙(CaWO),其中钨元素的x 化合价为+6价，则X是( ) A(2 B(3 C(4 D(5 7(蚊虫叮咬时分泌的蚁酸(CHO)会使人体皮肤肿痛。下列有关蚁酸的说法正确的是( ) 22 A(蚁酸是氧化物 B(蚁酸是由碳、氢、氧三种原子构成 C(蚁酸中碳、氧元素的质量比是1:2 D(蚁酸中氢元素质量分数最小 8(小明发现月饼盒里的脱氧剂部分呈红褐色，查阅资料得知脱氧剂中含有铁粉和活性炭。他猜想这包脱 氧剂中可能含有:?Cu和C;?FeO和C;?FeO和C;?FeO、C和Fe;?FeO、C和Fe;( ) 23343423 A(??? B(??? C(?? D(?? 9(下列图象正确的是( ) A( B( C( D( A(向一定量的硝酸钾溶液中不断加水 B(向一定量的稀硫酸中不断加锌粉 C(向一定量的稀盐酸中不断加氢氧化钠溶液 D(向一定量的硫酸和硫酸铜混合溶液中不断加氯化钡溶液 personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political 二、选择填充题(本大题包括4小题，每小题3分，共12分。先在A、B、C中选择一个正确选项，将正 确选项的代号填涂在答题卷的相应位置上，然后在D处补充一个符合题意的答案。每小题的选择2 分，填充1分) 10(下列变化属于化学变化的是( ) A(粉笔折断 B(香蕉腐烂 C(冰雪融化 D( 11(下列能源属于清洁能源的是( ) A(风能 B(煤 C(石油 D( 12(物质的组成和结构决定物质的性质。下列解释合理的是( ) A(生铁与钢的性能不同的原因是含碳量不同 B(稀盐酸与稀硫酸的化学性质相似的原因是都含有酸根离子 C(HO与HO的化学性质不同的原因是原子个数不同 222 D(金刚石与石墨的物理性质差异大的原因是 13(下列实验 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 合理的是( ) 选项 实 验 目 的 所用的试剂或方法 A( 除去氧化钙中的碳酸钙 加水溶解、过滤、蒸发 B( 测定溶液的酸碱度 紫色石蕊试液 C( 软化硬水 煮 沸 D( 验证镁、铜、银的金属活动性 三、填空与说明题(本大题包括6小题，共35分) 温馨提示:本大题的选择填空有1~2个选项符合题，漏选给1分，错选、多选不给分。 14((5分)请从指定的H、N、O、S、Al五种元素中选择合适的元素，按下列要求用化学用语 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示: ?金属元素 ; ?空气中含量最多的气体 ; ?人体含量最多的物质中氧元素的化合价 ; ?中和反应 (写一个)。 15((4分)紫薯营养丰富，具有特殊的保健功能。紫薯中富含淀粉、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B、维生 素C、锌、铁、钙、硒等。 ?紫薯中维生素 (选填“A”、“B”或“C”)可预防坏血病; ?紫薯中还缺乏一种能给人体供能的营养素是 ; ?紫薯中的硒元素被誉为“抗癌大王”。硒元素的部分信息如右下图， 则下列说法中正确的是 。 A(硒元素的相对原子质量为78.96g B(一个硒原子中有34个中子 C(硒原子结构示意图中的X=18 D(硒元素在化合物可能显-2价 16((6分)古代诗词中蕴含有化学知识。 ?“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”。草木灰烬中含有的KCO属于 ; 23 A(氮肥 B(磷肥 C(钾肥 D(复合肥 ?“有麝自来香，不用大风扬”说明粒子具有 性质; ?“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”。下列关于“泪”的说法正确的是 ; A(“泪”是指石蜡燃烧生成的水 B(“泪”说明石蜡溶点低，受热易熔化 C(“泪”说明化学变化的同时伴随有物理变化 ?“以曾青涂铁，铁赤色如铜”是指古代用铁置换硫酸铜溶液中的铜，该反应的化学方程式 为 。 17((6分)右图是a、b、c三种固体物质的溶解度曲线。 ?物质C的溶解度随温度的升高而 ; ?物质a的溶解度大于物质c的溶解度的温度范围是 ; ?t?时，用50g水配制物质a的饱和溶液，至少需要 g物质a; 2 ?将t?时a、b、c三种物质的饱和溶液升温至t?(溶剂量不变)， 12 溶液中溶质质量分数不变的是 。 personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political 未央化学教育网 2012年江西中考化学试题及答案 18((6分)工业上常用“碳捕捉”技术将CO和CO混合气体中的CO捕捉并回收CO,其基本过程如下图22 所示，(部分条件及物质未标出)。 ?反应?分离出的CO可制成干冰，干冰常用于 ; 2 ?反应?在“反应分离室”内进行，将NaOH溶液与CaCO分离的操作是 ; 3 ?“捕捉室”中发生反应的化学方程式为 ; ?下列有关该捕捉过程的叙述正确的有 。 A(捕捉到的CO可制备其它化工产品，减少了温室气体排放 2 B(“反应分离室”中的反应要吸收大量热 C(整个过程中，只有一种物质可循环利用 D(能耗大是该捕捉技术的一大缺点 19((8分)如右图所示，A~F是初中化学常见的物质。图中“?”表示 转化关系，“—”表示相互能反应(部分物质和反应条件未标出)。其中 A是紫红色的金属，B常温下是气体，C是人体胃液中含有的酸。 ?A的一种用途 ; ?B的化学式为 ; ?E和F反应的化学方程式为 ; ?右图转化关系中没有涉及的基本反应类型是 。 四、实验与探究题(本大题包括3小题，共25分) 20((9分)下图是 实验室 17025实验室iso17025实验室认可实验室检查项目微生物实验室标识重点实验室计划 常用的一些装置。 ?仪器a的名称是 ; ?实验室制取并收集二氧化碳气体应选择的装置是 (填序号)，检验二氧化碳是否收集满的方法是 ; ?用装置A与C连接制取并收集氧气，则装置A中反应的化学方程式为 ，当观察到装置C中 时才开始收集。 ?SO通常是一种无色有刺激性气味的有毒气体，密度比空气大，易溶 于 2 水，排放到空气中会形成酸雨。实验室用右图装置收集一瓶干燥的SO， 2 装置的导管按气流方向连接的顺序是 ? ? ? ?e(填字母)，装置中的X是 。 21((8分)小丽实验操作模拟考试的考题是:用碳酸钠溶液鉴别稀盐酸、食盐水和澄清石灰水。 【进行实验】 操作步骤 实验现象 实验结论 分别用A、B、C三支A中无明显现象 A中的物质是食盐水 试管取样，然后各加入适B中 B中的物质是稀盐酸 量碳酸钠溶液 C中 B中的物质是澄清石灰水 【发现问题】如何处理上述废液才能减少对环境的污染, 【思考与 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 】应先对废液中的溶质成分进行探究，后制定方案。 【实验与探究】 第personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the 3 页 共 6 页 original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political ?小丽将所有废液到入一洁净烧杯中，静置后得到上层清液; ?取少量清液加入足量的氯化钙溶液(中性)，再滴加几滴无色酚酞试液，若出现 的现象，说明上层清液中一定有碳酸钠和氢氧化钠，一定没有 (填 离子符号)。 【方法与应用】通过以上探究，处理上述废液的正确方法是 。 22((8分)小雨阅读课外资料得知，双氧水分解除了用二氧化锰还可用氧化铜等物质作催化剂，于是她对 氧化铜产生了探究兴趣。 【提出问题】氧化铜是否也能作氯酸钾分解的催化剂,它是否比二氧化锰催效果更好, 【设计实验】小雨以生成等体积的氧气为标准，设计了下列三组实验，(其它可能影响实验的因素均忽略) 实验序号 KClO质量 其它物质质量 待测数据 3 ? 1.2g ? 1.2g CuO 0.5g ? 1.2g MnO 0.5g 2 ?上述实验应测量的“待测数据”是 ; ?若实验?比实验?的“待测数据”更 (选填“大”或“小”)，说明氧化铜能加快氯酸钾的分解 速率。 ?将实验?反应后的固体加水溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥，若称量得到0.5g黑色粉末，再将黑色粉末放 入试管中， (简述操作和现象)。 【预期结论】氧化铜还能作氯酸钾分解的催化剂。 【评价设计】你认为小雨设计实验?和实验?对比的目的是 。 五、计算题(本大题包括1小题，共10分) 23.(10分)为测定某赤铁矿石中氧化铁的质量分数，小龙和他的同学用足量的一氧化碳与在10g样品充分反应(杂质不能与反应)，并将生成的气体用一定量的氢氧化钠溶液完全吸收，该溶液总质量与反应时间的变化关系如右图。 ?上述反应产生二氧化碳的质量为 g; ?计算该赤铁矿石中氧化铁的质量分数; ?若上述反应后剩余固体质量为m克，写出计算 该赤铁矿石中氧化铁质量分数的表达式: (用m表示)。, personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political 未央化学教育网 2012年江西中考化学试题及答案 ,, 第personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the 5 页 共 6 页 original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political personal and collective learning on your own, combining learning reading and discussion, read, learn, and understanding of the original principles, focused learning around topics discussion, ongoing positive and negative type education. Members should close their own thoughts, work, real life, comparing reflection and further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of learning, continue to unlock the buttons, correct wrong, think of practical realization in mind, party rules discipline, firm and correct political orientation, develop discipline, and being a qualified member of the adherence to the Constitution Party rules and political discipline. Second, "to do" as the key, seriously, do try to do, to set an example. Two lies in the doing. To learn to do, and the unity of knowledge, qualified party member, is the focus of this study and education and essential point. A qualified party members not only to watch his Constitution Party rules and talk to learn how, through, dark and light, and also what does he end up doing, is not a unity. This study and education, is essential to enhance the party's political awareness, awareness of overall, core, par. In learning education in the, each members are to control "told political, and has faith, do political qualified; told rules, and has discipline, do implementation discipline qualified; told moral, and has conduct, do conduct qualified; told dedication, and has as, do play role qualified" "four told four has" this put ruler, often measure himself, view himself, transformation himself, with actual action reflected learn of effectiveness, and reflected belief faith of power. To firm to to Central par, to XI General Secretary par, to party of theory, and route, and approach par, to Central of the decision deployment par, strongly maintenance Central of authority, maintenance XI General Secretary this core, strongly obey Central of concentrated unified led, in thought, and political