海外洪门与辛亥革命

海外洪门与辛亥革命 孙中山先生曾有过一句名言:“华侨为革命之母”，以 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 彰海外华侨对辛亥革命的支持。由于华侨中十之八九皆系洪门成员，故华侨在辛亥革命中的贡献，在很大程度上由海外洪门做出的。 一、兴中会成立初期的成员大多是洪门成员 早在兴中会成立时，孙中山就等到了海外洪门分子的大力支持。1894年11月24日，孙中山在檀香山华侨何宽家中创立兴中会，便得到洪门中邓荫南的大力支持。兴中会建立初期，其成员中大多是洪门成员。 孙中山为了“纠合海外华侨，以收臂助”，曾三次赴美，向华侨 宣传 免费孕前优生健康检查孕期保健知识宣传1冬季预防流感知识宣传手足口病防知识宣传森林防火宣传内容 革命，以取得华侨在经济上对革命的资助。光绪二十二年(1896年)孙中山第一次赴美时，因未能得到洪门致公堂的帮助，收效不大。孙中山在回忆当时情况时说:“美洲华侨之风气蔽塞，较檀岛尤其。故予由太平洋东岸之三藩市登陆，横过美洲大陆，至大西洋西岸之纽约市，沿途所过多处，或留数日，或数十日，所至皆说以祖国危亡，清政腐败，非从民族根本改革，无以救亡，而改革之任，人人有责。然而劝者谆谆，听者终归藐藐，其欢迎革命主义者，每埠不过数人或数十人而已。”孙中山从这次实践中认识到，鉴于美洲华侨中，十之八九皆列籍洪门，故欲收革命宣传之实效，必借助于洪门之帮助。而洪门之门户之见甚深，若非加入其中，皆被视为“空子”、“风仔”，不可能给予帮助。故于1903年第二次赴美途经檀香山时，便接受其ensure the quality and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the construction requirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientific organizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire project. Ensure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General construction project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipeline detection, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain piles, bored piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2-PC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh and shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in subgrade pit dewatering and curing in the work carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reverse-circulation drilling machine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back beam, the frame of the project using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, construction 母舅、檀香山洪门人士杨文柄与胞兄孙德彰之建议，决定亲自加入洪门。当时，由洪门前辈钟兆养介绍，在国安会馆“入围”，加入洪门致公堂，并被封为“洪棍”。从此，洪门中人便尊孙中山为“孙大哥”，在到达美国后，得到了致公堂的大力支持与帮助。 光绪二十四年(1898年)戊戌政变失败后，康有为、梁启超均逃亡国外，于1899年在加拿大维多利亚、温哥华两地华侨中，发起组织“保大清光绪皇帝会”，假称曾受光绪皇帝之衣带诏，华侨多受其愚弄而加入其中，许多洪门中人也纷纷加入，给革命党人造成很大困难。孙中山此次赴美，便是要向华侨宣传革命，揭露康、梁等人所谓保皇会“名曰保皇，实则革命”的谎言。 1904年3月，孙中山由檀香山乘船前往美国旧金山。抵达后，保皇会串通美国移民局官员，称孙中山之护照系伪造，而将他囚于安琪儿岛之木屋。全美致公堂总堂大佬黄三德闻讯后，立即组织营救。他与致公堂英文秘书兼《大同日报》总理唐琼昌等人，以五千美元将孙中山保出。又延请律师同华盛顿有关当局交涉，终于使孙中山脱险。 孙中山获释后，受到致公堂总堂大佬黄三德等人的热情接待，让孙中山在致公堂堂址下塌。 二、孙中山亲自修订致公堂章程，加入革命党的纲领 孙中山感到，致公堂虽然人数众多，但是，团体涣散，加之受到保皇会之影响，很难为革命服务，因而提出致公堂成员重新注册，并亲手对致公堂章程加以修订。 他在《致公堂征订章程要义》中说:原夫致公堂之设，由来已久。 e project using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionmachine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back beam, the frame of th circulation drilling-he work carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversend shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in subgrade pit dewatering and curing in tPC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh a-bored piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2 tion, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain piles,detec uction project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipelineEnsure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General constrject. organizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire prouirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientific construction req ensure the quality and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the2 本爱国保种之心，立兴汉复仇之志，联盟结义，声应气求，民族主义赖之而昌，秘密社会因之日盛，早已遍布于十八省与五洲各国。凡华人所到之地，莫不有之，而尤以美国为隆盛。“惟是向章太旧，每多不合时宜，维持乏人，间有未惬众意，故有散漫四方，未能联络一气，以成一极强固之团体，诚为憾事。近且有背盟负义趋入歧途，倒戈相向者，则更堪痛恨也。若不亟图振作，发奋有为，则洪门大义必将沦隳矣。有心人忧之，于是谋议改良，力图进步，重订新章，选举贤能，以整顿堂务，而维系人心。” 修订后的致公堂章程中，已加进了革命党人的纲领，其主要内容有: 1.本堂名曰致公总堂，设在金山大埠，支堂分设各埠，前有名目不同者，今概改正，名曰致公堂，以昭划一。 2.本堂以驱除鞑虏，恢复中华，创立民国，平均地权为宗旨。 3.本堂以协力助成祖国同志施行宗旨为目的。 4.凡国人所立各会党，其宗旨与本堂相同者，本堂当认作益友，互相提携。其宗旨与本堂相反者，本堂当视为公敌，不得附和。 5.凡各埠堂友须一律注册， 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 于大埠总堂，方能享受总堂一切之权利。 (下略) 致公堂在接受革命党的纲领后，已经从旧式会党转化为具有民主革命内容的社团，这是革命党人改造旧式会党一个典范。不过，由于洪门内部派系林立，不少人仍未识破保皇会的真面目，有些人也不明 roject using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionbeam, the frame of the pcirculation drilling machine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back -ork carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversesubgrade pit dewatering and curing in the w PC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh and shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in-ed piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2s, borection, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain pileon project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipeline dettructi. Ensure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General consnizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire projectc orgaequirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientifiity and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the construction rensure the qual3 了革命之大趋势，因而使致公堂重新注册一事，未能收到预期的效果。 三、孙中山赴美策划美洲致公堂与同盟会合并 为了进一步争取海外洪门参加反清革命，为国内武装起义筹措经费，孙中山又于1911年5月第三次赴美。在旧金山同致公堂而皇之大佬黄三德协商后，决定将美洲致公堂与同盟会合并。凡未曾加入同盟会的致公堂成员，一律加入同盟会;凡未入洪门致公堂的同盟会员，也均加入致公堂。经过合并，使具有革命思想的同盟会员加入致公堂，为致公堂输入了新鲜血液，为洪门筹饷局的建立，打下了基础。而致公堂成员加入同盟会后，则直接受到革命思想的熏陶，许多人从此走上了革命道路。经过双方协商，同盟会在《少年中国晨报》上刊出布告。 同盟会布告 洪门为中国提倡排满革命之元祖，而致公总堂之改良新章，更与本会三民主义相合。原可互相提携，共图进取。惟洪门内含有秘密性质，而本会会员尚多未入洪门者，故不免窒碍。今得孙总理驾抵金山，主张联合，而致公总堂开特别会，以招纳本会会员之未加入洪门者。本会集议全体赞成，特此布告各埠会员，一体遵照，以成大群，合大力而图光复之大业，是为厚望。 天运辛亥年五月二十二日，三藩市中国同盟会启。 致公堂则在《大同日报》上刊登启事。 致公总堂布告 孙文大哥痛祖国沉沦，抱革命真理，遍游五洲，驾抵金山，与众 e project using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionmachine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back beam, the frame of th circulation drilling-he work carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversend shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in subgrade pit dewatering and curing in tPC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh a-bored piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2 tion, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain piles,detec uction project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipelineEnsure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General constrject. organizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire prouirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientific construction req ensure the quality and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the4 兄聚集，倡议与同盟会联合，结大团结，匡扶革命事业。同盟会员热心祖国，全体会议，其未进洪门者，一律入闱，联成一气。本总堂叔父大佬义兄弟备极欢迎，开特别招贤之礼，以示优遇。尽释从前门户之分别，冀赞将来光复伟业，扫虏延专制恶毒，复汉家自由幸福。仰我洪门人士，一体知悉。须知招纳天下英才，乃本总堂之主义。特此布告，统为鉴照。 天运辛亥五月二十二日，美洲大埠致公总堂启。 同盟会员一律加入洪门致公堂，便要履行洪门入闱之仪式，而该仪式十分繁琐，要“通宵达旦，其礼始成”。还须熟悉会内之联络暗号。在辛亥革命时期，美洲致公堂的入闱仪式、暗号与国内天地会之入会仪式，亦大同小异。“大佬先锋开坛喃唱反清歌谣，夹以手舞足蹈，锣鼓喧天，如演戏剧，并传授秘密手印、口号。例如客至奉茶，只以右手三指夹持茶杯，其法大指夹杯外，食指、中指夹杯内，而左手亦只伸大、食、中三指，横向心胸以为礼。如客系手足(同堂)，则亦以右手大、食、中三指同样接茶杯，而左手亦以三指同样向心胸以答礼。其伸三指向心者，用明有心之意。又例如同桌吃饭，通常饮汤，皆以手持汤匙舀载羹汤时，必将汤匙底之余滴，向碗边揩去，然后送口咽下，此在洪门则为犯例。盖其饮汤之汤匙，不得在汤碗边揩擦也。至其口号则讳言‘七’，而以吉代之。写清字为 ，是断其头之意。又剪小纸人，写清朝最近皇帝名号于其上，而挥剑斩之。其余一切措词动作，皆甚为神秘，不能备述。所进堂员，例由舅父带领入闱，拜跪受训，花亭结义，歃血为盟。大佬择其中尤者几人，封受红 roject using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionbeam, the frame of the pcirculation drilling machine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back -ork carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversesubgrade pit dewatering and curing in the w PC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh and shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in-ed piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2s, borection, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain pileon project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipeline dettructi. Ensure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General consnizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire projectc orgaequirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientifiity and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the construction rensure the qual5 棍、白扇、草鞋(三种皆高级职员名称)，以备应用。 鉴于加入洪门致公堂须履行上述带有浓厚迷信色彩之仪式，同盟会中一些会员，对孙中山提出的同盟会一律加入致公堂一事，颇有异议。认为“新旧人物，心理思想异趣，恐难合作，即合作亦不易持久”。孙中山则一再劝说，希望大家勉为其难。对大家解释说:“洪门的加入仪式，有些像宗教的迷信，如果简化了，无异把这个迷信破弃了，这恐招来全部涣散”。所以，“宁可社会上没有香烛供应，亦要自己造香烛，来维持这个迷信”。同时又对洪门致公堂中人做工作，要求他们“自己办个大报，宣传洪门宗旨和革命宗旨，这样表示自己有新思想，自然不怕有思想的人不加入洪门的”。 四、孙中山策划组织洪门筹饷局为国内武装起义筹集军饷 在同盟会与致公堂合并后，消除了双方的畛城之见，孙中山又向致公堂提议，组织洪门筹饷局，不国内武装起义筹集军饷，对外则用国民救济局之名称。在洪门筹饷局缘起中写道: 兹当人心思汉，天意亡胡，所以各省义师，连年继起。然未能一战成功者何也,岂以人才之不足，战阵之无勇耶,皆不然也。试观最近广州一役，舍身赴义者，其人多文武兼长之士，出类拔萃之才。当其谋泄失败，犹能以数十人力战而破督署，出重围，以一当十，使敌丧胆，可知也。然人才既如此，英勇又如此，仍不免失败者，其故安在,实财力不足，布置未周之故也。内地同胞久在苛政之下，横征暴敛，剥皮及骨，遂至民穷财尽，因无从以集资，而为万金之布置也。故输财助饷，以补助内地同胞之所不逮，实为我海外华侨之责任，义 e project using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionmachine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back beam, the frame of th circulation drilling-he work carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversend shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in subgrade pit dewatering and curing in tPC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh a-bored piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2 tion, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain piles,detec uction project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipelineEnsure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General constrject. organizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire prouirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientific construction req ensure the quality and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the6 不能辞也。内地同胞舍命，海外同胞出财，各尽所长，互相为用，则革命之成，可指日而定也。我洪门创设于美洲已数十年矣，本为合大群，集大力，以待时机，而图光复也。 所谓反清复明者，此也。今时机已至，风云亦急，失此不图，则瓜分之祸立见矣。本总堂今承孙大哥指示，设立筹饷局于金山大埠，妥订章程，务祈完善无弊，以收效果，捐册寄到之日，切望各埠手足，竭力向前，踊跃捐资，以助成革命大业，则洪门幸甚，中国幸甚。 谨以章程开列如左: 1.革命军之宗旨，为废灭鞑虏清朝，创立中华民国，实行三民主义，使同胞共享自由平等博爱之幸福。 2.凡我华人皆应供财出力，以助中华革命大业之速成。 3.凡事前曾捐助饷者，不论多少，皆得列名为优先国民。他日革命成功，概免军政府条件之约束，而入国籍。 4.凡事前未曾捐过军饷之人，他日革命成功，须照军政府之约束，而入国籍。 5.凡捐过军饷五元以上者，当照革命军筹饷约章奖励条件办理。 6.议在金山大埠致公总堂设立一筹饷局。由众公举人员办理，由孙大哥委人监督，各埠曾捐助军饷者，皆可派一查账员，随时到来查账。 (下略) 美洲金山大埠致公总堂特启。 洪门筹饷局成立后，致公堂总部立即派员赴美国各地进行演说， roject using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionbeam, the frame of the pcirculation drilling machine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back -ork carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversesubgrade pit dewatering and curing in the w PC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh and shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in-ed piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2s, borection, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain pileon project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipeline dettructi. Ensure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General consnizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire projectc orgaequirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientifiity and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the construction rensure the qual7 动员洪门成员为革命捐款，同时公布筹饷布告。内称: 本总堂首次提倡筹饷，这空前伟举。我洪门人士，虽羁身海外，而二百六十余年亡国之惨痛，刻不去怀。今者风云急矣，时机熟矣，筹饷之议，全体赞成，同肩责任矣～现经印就捐册，寄呈各埠，复派演说员两队。孙大哥、黄芸苏君为一队，周流美国之北;张蔼蕴君、赵昱君为一队，周流美国之南。分途遍游全美，演说劝捐，发挥本堂宗旨，务达实行目的。该员等所到各埠，凡我同志，务祈优礼欢迎，并望各埠职员、叔父，鼓励同胞，慷慨捐助，巨资麇集，大举义旗，十代之仇，指日可复。不特洪门光，抑亦汉族之幸也。 经过致公堂总堂与洪门筹饷局的努力，仅仅在五个月的时间内，便筹集到144130余元，有力地支援了国内的革命事业。 在美洲洪门致公堂为革命筹款的过程中，加拿大洪门致公堂的事迹尤为感人。1911年初，孙中山抵达加拿大的温哥华，受到当地华人的热烈欢迎。孙中山在华人大戏院连续演讲四天，听众极为踊跃，盛况空前。为了支援国内革命事业，温哥华致公堂“以应祖国大举”，捐港币一万元。维多利亚致公堂一洪门成员，鉴于洪门人士多系下层劳动者，难出多资，故提议将致公堂之公产楼宇抵押，以支援革命。加拿大致公堂总堂盟长马延元便召集会议进行讨论，结果，与会者一致同意将维多利亚致公堂的公产抵押给银行，所得三万元全部用来支援国内革命。消息一经传出，温哥华、多伦多的致公堂也相继效法，将其公产抵押，各得一万元，大多捐助革命。加上美国檀香山、旧金山、纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等地华侨与洪门的捐款，总数达99000余 e project using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionmachine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back beam, the frame of th circulation drilling-he work carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversend shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in subgrade pit dewatering and curing in tPC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh a-bored piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2 tion, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain piles,detec uction project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipelineEnsure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General constrject. organizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire prouirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientific construction req ensure the quality and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the8 元。 海外洪门在辛亥革命中，除了慷慨解囊，为革命事业捐款外，不少洪门成员还亲返祖国，直接参加推翻清王朝的武装起义。1895年广州起义，便有海外洪门成员邓荫南、谢缵泰等参与策划与领导。1902年广州起义，也有海外洪门成员谢缵泰和浪迹海外多年的洪门首领洪全福参加并领导。1907年潮州黄冈起义，主要领导人，乃澳洲洪门(三合会)成员，参与其事者，亦有来自海外的洪门成员。同年惠州七女湖起义中，参加者“多属星洲黄亚聪会党回国参加者”。黄亚聪系新加坡洪门首领之一。 总之，海外洪门在辛亥革命中做出了重大贡献。 (本文摘自《洪门真史》) roject using concrete, concrete transport truck transport, concrete pump truck pouring, constructionbeam, the frame of the pcirculation drilling machine drilling, concrete pouring; programme of grout cure holistic cure of roadbed. Skateboards, back -ork carried out during the excavation, protection pile and supporting pile and move the pile using reversesubgrade pit dewatering and curing in the w PC300 excavator excavation, slope mesh and shotcrete. Protection, resistance to move pile and supporting pile and Grouting in-ed piles, then protection of the excavation and dewatering construction. Working pit 2s, borection, work, strictly according to the requirements of strengthening of luanhe river water protection measures. Curtain pileon project construction team approach, first in civilization, stadium construction and relocation of underground pipeline dettructi. Ensure quality construction program reasonable, optimal shortest, least cost and construction schedule. 3.1.3. General consnizations, network technology, a parallel job, high quality and high speed to complete the construction of the entire projectc orgaequirements, my unit in the project construction organization design and implementation, integrated construction of scientifiity and duration of construction. 3.1.2. the General programming principles based on the total duration of the construction rensure the qual9