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反意疑问句(JYP)

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反意疑问句(JYP)反意疑问句 一、定义:指附着在陈述句(肯、否句)后面的简短问句。 二、基本结构: 1、前肯后否型。即:肯定句,be动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如: He can speak Chinese,can't he?  2、前否后肯型。即:否定句,be动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如: We aren't going to help him,are we?  三、一般要求:1、前后两部分肯否相反。 2、反意疑问句与前面的陈述句在人称、数和时态上应保持一致。 3、反意疑问句的主语应...

反意疑问句(JYP)
反意疑问句 一、定义:指附着在陈述句(肯、否句)后面的简短问句。 二、基本结构: 1、前肯后否型。即:肯定句,be动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如: He can speak Chinese,can't he?  2、前否后肯型。即:否定句,be动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如: We aren't going to help him,are we?  三、一般要求:1、前后两部分肯否相反。 2、反意疑问句与前面的陈述句在人称、数和时态上应保持一致。 3、反意疑问句的主语应为与陈述句主语相应的人称代词主格。如: They don't like playing volleyball,do they?    We didn't visit Shanghai last week,did we? He is a middle school student,isn't he?  She can do it,can't she? 四、回答反意疑问句用yes和no: 1、前肯后否型,yes/no正方向翻译。(见Ⅲ10)His mother is a policewoman,isn't she? Yes,she is.(是的,她是。)/No,she isn't.(不,她不是。)  2、前否后肯型,yes/no反方向翻译。(见Ⅲ8,与回答否定疑问句一样。) It isn't cold,is it?Yes,it is.(不,它是。)/No,it isn't.(是的,它不是。) (三、四两点归纳为以下口诀:肯否不合时人合,be情助后接主格,回答否肯朝反说,特殊情况不包括(祈使,there be不包括)。 五、句型归纳: (一)常见句型如下:He was born in 1987,wasn't he?  Lucy watched TV last night,didn't she?    The boy is writing,isn't he?    Those students go to school by bike,don't they?    Jim can't do it,can he?    We are going to have a meeting,aren't we?            My father will go to see my brother,won't he? (二)较复杂的情况如下: 1. have/has作“有”讲,其反意疑问句有两种变法;作“吃”讲,只有一种变法。如: She has some apples,hasn't she?/doesn't she?(有) She has supper at home,doesn't she?(吃) 2. need/dare作情态动词与作实义动词时的反意疑问句不一样。如: We need to buy a pen,don't we?(need为实义动词)  We needn't buy a pen,need we?(need作情态动词)    You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you? 3. this/that作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用it;these/those作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。如: This/That isn't a dog,is it?  These/Those aren't dogs,are they? 4. 陈述句主语部分为I am时,其反意疑问句应为aren't I或ain't I; 当陈述句主语部分为I am not时,其反意疑问句应为am I如: I am a teacher,aren't I?/ain't I?  I am not a teacher,am I? 5. 注意'd为had与would时,其反意疑问句的回答不一样。如: You'd better catch a number 16 bus,hadn't you?  He'd like to have a cup of tea,wouldn't he? 6. 陈述句的主语为不定式、动名词或主语从句时,其反意疑问句的主语用it;感叹句变反意疑问句时,其主语也用it。如: To learn English is hard,isn't it? Walking is good for health,isn't it?  What a fine day,isn't it? Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it? 7. 陈述句中含有no,few,little,never,nobody,nothing,none,seldom,hardly等表否定含义的词时,应将陈述句当否定句看,其反意疑问句用肯定形式。如: Tom has no sisters,has he?/does he?  Nothing can stop me,can it? 8. 陈述句中含有由un,dis,less等前后缀构成的表否定含义的词作表语或谓语时,当肯定句看,其反意疑问句用否定形式。(如unimportant,unlucky,useless,dislike等)如: She is unhappy,isn't she?  John dislikes oranges,doesn't he?  They are careless,aren't they? 9. 陈述句的主语为something,anything,nothing,everything等表物的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语用it。如: Something is wrong,isn't it?  Everything is ready,isn't it?  Nothing is important,is it? 10. 陈述句的主语为someone,somebody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,no one等表人的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语可用they,也可以用he。如: Everyone is here,aren't they?/isn't he?  Everybody is here,aren't they?/isn't he?    Anyone is OK,aren't they?/isn't he?    Anybody is OK,aren't they?/isn't he? 注意当陈述句的主语为nobody时,其反意疑问句的主语常用they.如:Nobody can answer the question,can they? 11. 陈述句的主语为none,当它指代可数名词复数时谓语可以用单、复数,其反意疑问句也可以用单数或复数;当它指代不可数名词时谓语用单数,其反意疑问句也用单数。如: None of the books is/are mine,is it?/are they?  None of the money is mine,is it? 12. 并列句的反意疑问句以后一分句为准。如: He is a student and he studies hard,doesn't he? We must study hard, or we shall fail, shan’t we? 13. “情态动词 + be/have done”常用来表示对现在/过去的推测,变反意疑问句时应注意:如果它们后面接be,表示对现在的推测,变反义疑问句时,应将其当成be动词一般现在时态看待。如: He must be a teacher,isn't he?  He can't be a teacher,is he?  He may be a teacher,isn't he?  He may not be a teacher,is he? 如果它们后面接have done,表示对过去的推测,变反义疑问句时:如果句中有了表示过去的具体的时间状语,应将句子当作实义动词的一般过去时态看待;如果句中没有具体的时间状语,应将句子当作现在完成时态看待。如: Lucy must have gone there yesterday,didn't she?  He must have finished his homework,hasn't he? 14. 陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句部分要与主句一致,但注意如果主句的主语是I/We,谓语动词是think/guess/believe/suppose等时,反意疑问句部分应与从句保持一致;如果句中出现了否定的转移,反意疑问句一律用肯定形式。如: He said that they were late for the lecture, didn’t he? I/We think he is right,isn't he?  I/We don't think he is right,is he? 15. There be句型的反意疑问句中必须带there.如: There was lots of water in the glass just now,wasn't there?  There is a pen on the desk,isn't there? 16. 肯定祈使句,其反意疑问句都用will you?/won’t you?均可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you?。但“Let's….”句型的反意疑问句只能用shall we?如: Open the door,will you?/won’t you?      Don't come in,will you?    Let us help him,will you?/won’t you?   Let's help him,shall we? 17. 陈述句中含有wish,want等表愿望的词作谓语时,其反意疑问句要用may,并且两部分都用肯定形式。如: I wish to go home,may I?  We want to go home,may we?     18. 含有used to的句子变反意疑问句时,用usedn’t和didn’t 均可。如: She used to be very fat,didn’t she?/use(d) n’t she?     19. must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用needn’t,作“禁止、不允许”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用must/may.如:     You must go now, needn’t you?    You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?     20. 含有ought to的句子变反意疑问句时,用oughtn’t和shouldn’t均可。如:     He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?     21. 陈述部分由neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接主语时,其反意疑问句部分用复数代词。如:     Neither you nor I can do it, can we?    Not only she but also I passed the exam, didn’t we?     22. 陈述句部分是感叹句时,反意疑问句部分用否定形式,其主语取决于表示感叹的对象,采用相应的代词,且用动词be的现在时态。如:     What a lovely day, isn’t it?    What colors, aren’t they?     23. 陈述部分有语气词so/ah/oh等时,反意疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定形式。如:     So you are a student, are you?    So he can’t swim, can’t he?     24. 当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时,用简略的形式重复对方的话,然后再加上反意疑问句,陈述部分和反意疑问句部分的形式应取得一致,要么都肯定,要么都否定。如:     ----Tom told me he saw a snake last night.     ----He did, did he?
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