高考阅读理解攻略2

第二讲正确选项的特点 1正确选项是原文的同义改写 (2013广东)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England,an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?” 36. When he first met the author, David . A. felt a little excited B. walked energetically C. looked a little nervous D. showed up with his teacher 【解析】:根据信息He kept… walking up and down restlessly(不安地),可以判断选项C 为正确 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。nervous与原文中的restlessly为同义不同词性的复现。 2正确选项是原文的“反说”改写 Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Q:If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _______ A .have a high IQ. B .be less intelligent. C .be insensitive to verbal signals. D .not necessarily be backward. 【解析】:第一句句意为:专家们指出人们学习语言的阶段往往是通过一个固定的进程、并且在一段时期内,但是却有一些特例,那些孩子们掌握语言能力的时期较晚,但最后却变成了高智商的人。A和B与这句话的前后两个部分相矛盾,C的内容与原文表述的内容不符,原文中并没有提到孩子是否对事物(或信号)有不敏感的表现,而是提到他们的母亲在他们学习语言的阶段所发出的非语言信号敏感与否。D项包括两种可能性,即这个孩子有可能很迟钝,但是有可能又很聪明,因此D“不一定落后于其他人”最符合第四段第一句话的表述,通过not和backward的双重否定增加了题目的难度。 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. Q: A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _________ . A he has given up his smoking habit. B he has made great efforts in his work. C he is keen on learning anything new. D he has tried to determine where he is on his journey. 【解析】:本文阐述的一个观点是人们通常认为个人的成长是外在的成果或产物,是容易辨别和衡量的,文中使用概括性的语言,而选项则是具体的表象。正确答案必须符合“外在”、“易辨别和衡量”这两个一般特征。A项“当一个人戒了烟”,烟戒了是一种易辨别的、外在的“成果”,与“升职”等相似,属于特殊的情况。故A正确。 4正确选项常常是原文简化 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s li fe, the stimulus that produces a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one‘s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”Q: Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _____. A .whose front view is fully perceived. B .whose face is covered with a mask. C .whose face is seen from the side.D. whose face is free of any covering. 【解析】:C选项是对文中文字的解释和简化,in profile是侧面像的意思。 “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:“How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Q:The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 1 because _________. A Rudolph Flesch is best-known expert in the study of human creativity. B the quotation strengthens that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things. C the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view. D the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented. 【解析】:作者引用Flesch的话当然是为了支持自己的观点:有创造力的人经常探索做事情的新 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。文章Flesch指出创造性思维往往只起源于一种认识:做事情的传统的方法未必是最好的。A、C所表达的内容也许是正确的,但并不是文章引用Flesch的目的。D Flesch的话所表达的思想与作者的看法是相吻合的,且进一步解释了文中的观点。 6正确选项是原文的概括 For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. Q:Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers________ . A. to improve their hard life. B. in view of their long-distance travel. C .to add some flavor to their own daily life. D .out of a charitable impulse. 【解析】:第一句句意为:很久以前在大多数地方的乡下, 旅行者的到来会暂时打破沉闷枯燥的氛围。选项C意为“为人们日常生活带来欢乐的气息”是对下文内容的概括,符合文意。故选C。 7正确选项是对大意的归纳 Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child raising, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each other’s strengths. Q:The paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is ______. A husband and wife can share house work. B two adults are always better than one. C the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized. D husband and wife can make up for each other’s shortcoming. 【解析】:本段的话题是子女抚养中母亲或父亲的作用,如果双方互相支持,可以弥补对方的缺陷。可见D“夫妇可互相补偿彼此缺点”是段落中心的概括,符合题意。A“夫妇可共同做家务劳动”和“两个总比一个好”都是根据生活常识编造的选项;C“母亲的重要性可以得到充分认可”,表达较为片面,没有全面归纳文章的大意。 8正确选项是原文的推理 1)(2013福建)... It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs. Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more "female" dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city's business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she'd no doubt have enjoyed Davos—and might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures. Q: What does the writer intend to tell us? A.Women with brains can also be as successful as men. B.Women have to pay a high price for success. C.A judgment must be made free from prejudice. D.Sex discrimination still exists nowadays. 【解析】:文中介绍Mrs. Bennet虽为执行经理,但薪水,奖金都比男性低,且工作年限比男性短。由此可推断出:在当今社会中,性别歧视依旧存在。故选择D。 2)(2013广东)Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me? "Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. "It’s your turn," he said. After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life. Q:What can be inferred about David? A. He recovered after months of treatment. B. He liked biking before he lost his family. C. He went into university soon after starting to talk. D. He got friends in school before he met the author. 【解析】:根据“Some months later,he looked up at me suddenly,David started talking.几个月后的一天David开始看我并开始对我说话了”,再根据“After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.从那天起,他开始说话,并且交了朋友、参加了社团,而且从此“开始了新生活(末句)”,以及最后He wrote to me a few times得知,这些都是他结束治疗写信告诉我的,因此判断A项“几个月的治疗之后,他痊愈了。”为正确答案。 【技法体验】: 1)(2013福建)Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here's my own suggestion. . . 67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Austen was born 200 years ago. B.Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C.Austen's success lies in her wisdom. D.Austen's updated work gains popularity. 【解析】:首句Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence中的popularity和intelligence 与选项中的success和wisdom属于“同义转述”,故选择C。 2)(2013北京)When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it --- but her tail didn’t. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle. 60. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ______. A. physical build B. potential ability C. chance of survival D. adaptation to the surroundings. 【解析】:第二段当中的“She was fighting for her life. Is she going to make it ?她在为她的生命战斗。她能活下来吗?”与选项C中的chance of survival(幸存的可能)最相对应,故答案选C。 3)(2013湖北)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past? 51. Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______. A. observing her school routine B. expressing her satisfaction C. impressing her classmates D. preserving her history 【解析】:根据After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?与选项D preserving her history相对应,故D为正确答案。 4)(2013湖北)Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future. 53. What does the author put in her diary now? A. Notes and beautiful pictures. B. Special thoughts and feelings. C. Detailed accounts of daily activities. D. Descriptions of unforgettable events. 【解析】:根据题干关键词now和put in her diary定位对应的文章中的“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling”故选项B. Special thoughts and feelings为正确答案。 5)(2013湖南)In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom(开花) where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s,when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area. 61.“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph I refers to ________. A.a program directed by Dorothy B.a course given by the author C.an activity held by the students D.an organization sponsored by Union College 【解析】:由文章中I was teaching “Early Childhood Development”through a program可知Early Childhood Development是作者教的一门课程。 6)(2013山东)Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job. One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 a.m. and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed. 56. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job? A. He was out of work. B. He was bored with his job. C. He wanted a higher position. D. he hoped to find a better boss. 【解析】:根据“Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”中的“lost his job ”与选项A中“out of work”同义,故选A。 57. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview? A. A friend’s car had a flat tyre. B. A wild man was pushing a car. C. A terrible car accident happened. D. An old man’s car broke down. 【解析】:根据题干“on the way to the interview”定位对应的第二段第三句;“he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car”当中的something wrong with the car可知是老人的车出问题了,与选项D同义,故选D。 7)(2013重庆)I took my puree and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasn't he as busy as the others? 57. What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist? A. The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice. B. The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists. C. The surroundings of the dentist's office. D. The laughing assistant of the dentist. 【解析】:根据题干关键词begin to doubt定位文中的What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? 什么样的牙医急于在如此短的时间治疗一个人?可知A项“牙医同意在如此短的时间为她治疗”正是此句的同义转述,符合题意,故选A。 8)(2013四川)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear. 47. What is the finding of the study? A. One’s heart affects how he feels fear. B. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat. C. Fear has something to do with one’s health. D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. 【解析】:根据题干关键词finding定位相应文章中的according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear依据研究,发现:心跳循环与人感知恐惧是有关联的可以锁定选项A One’s heart affects how he feels fear(人的心脏影响他对恐惧的感知)。 9)(2013福建)Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion. Mum noticed my questioning look. “You’ll recognize this one," she said, smiling. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The writer's family moved several times. B.The writer never stopped looking for her ring. C.The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner. D.The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off. 【解析】:由段首Years passed, and a couple of moves later可知,在这些年中他们又搬过几次家。故A正确。 10)Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digitrates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the group of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expected to average only about 3% for the years as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a Percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Q:From the passage we learn that _______ . A there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates. B economy will always follow certain models. C the economic situation is better than expected. D economists had foreseen the present economic situation. 【解析】:根据第二段的部分段意“《经济学家》杂志每月调查的经济学家小组称:1995年美国平均通货膨胀率会达3.5%左右,但是,8月份它实际降至2.6%,全年也不过3%左右;在英国和日本,平均通货膨胀率比上年底预测的低0.5个百分点(或:半个百分点)。而且,在过去几年里一直是如此(this is no flash in the pan):在英美两国,平均通货膨胀率一 直比预测的要低。”可知C项是对文中诸多数据的总结。意为:经济形势比预想的好,故选C。 11)(2013江西)Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. 66. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _______. A. preparing a topic list first B. focusing on one’s own mind C. directing the talk to the desired results D. experiencing the speaker’s inside world 【解析】:本篇都在围绕聆听者要专注于说话者,让说话者感觉到被接受,融入到说话者的内心世界的这一主题在展开阐述。由第二段Bracketing includes …, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside可知D项experiencing the speaker’s inside world 就是此句的转化表述,选择D。 12)(2013江苏)If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. 61. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A. A twisted body. B. A gradual decrease in blood supply. C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D. A drop in blood pressure. 【解析】:根据题干中的the bends可定位到原文中的The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name,a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。故选择A。 13)Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Q:While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to _________. A alert themselves to the approaching enemy. B emerge from water now and then to breathe. C be sensitive to the ever-changing environment. D avoid being swept away by rapid currents. 【解析】:题干意为“一些海里哺乳睡眠时半醒的目的”,emerge from water对应原文to surface,occasionally对应from time to time, to avoid drowning对应to breathe,故选B。14)ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE Last night Belton firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Sea breeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield. Question: The Canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the Belton Post by saying that _______. A. the bedroom lamps were very old at the Sea breeze Hotel B. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took place C. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other things D. such accidents never happened in Canfield for the past 5 years 【解析】:选项C中的fail to save…是文中arrived too late to save的同义改写,故选C。15)We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is widespread: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently helpful uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess(过度)will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions(直觉扭曲). Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Q:Physical dependence on certain substances results from ______. A uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time. B exclusive use of them for social purposes. C quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases. D careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms. 【解析】:句意为:频繁使用某种药物会使身体对之上瘾或形成依赖。依赖起先表现为耐药量(tolerance)的增加:要达到满足,需要的剂量越来越多;停止服用后,一些不舒服的反应就会出现。可见,用药量和用药时间是造成药物依赖的两个重要因素。文中的repeated use 对应选A项中的uncontrolled consumption。答案为A。 16)One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in different locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not coming---it’s already here. Q:According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________ . A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes. B obtain more convenient services than other people do. C enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper. D cash money wherever he wishes to. 【解析】:根据文章大意“信用卡持有者可在商店、饭店、宾馆,以及在当地、外地甚至国外赊购货物,同时信用卡还可以使他们得到银行提供的许多服务。”B项意为“比其他人得到了更多的便利服务”是对文中斜体句大意的概括,为正确选项。C选项则在原文中没有提及。D选项的表述过于绝对,该段第三句话中的“scattered locations”(分散的地点)并不意味着“wherever he wishes to”,从常理判断这也是不可能的。