QC七大手法培训资料

QC七大手法培训资料 一. 层别法 1. 定义:即将多种多样的数据根据 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 者不同目的需要分类成不同的类别.使数据按类别显得具有差 异性,以方便分析. 2. 层别方向:人员,机器,材料,环境,方法,即4M1E. 人员:Man 材料:Material 环境:Environment 方法:Method 机器:Machine 3. 步骤 a. 确定层别方向 b. 确定数据范围 c. 按层别方向确定数据分类 d. 设计统计表填入对应数据 4. 举例 现库存有一料号为342712150004物料,由于作业及物料失控,产生丝印颜 色有偏暗,偏亮的两种情形,同时又有圆头与平头螺柱的混用,而该物料又有MPT 与ESS两供货商,有关数据如下: 总库存:490PCS MPT生产:圆头螺柱 180PCS 其中丝印偏暗 85PCS 丝印偏亮 95PCS 平头螺柱 120PCS 其中丝印偏暗 60PCS 丝印偏亮 60PCS ESS生产: 圆头螺柱 190PCS 其中丝印偏暗 120PCS 丝印偏亮 70PCS 平头螺柱 0 Fj-Lite Cover 不良状况统计表 5(注意事项 , 对于有多个层别的,要分第一层,第二层别(及第三层别). , 表格内一定要设有备注栏及合计栏 , 表头/表尾数据要完整(表格名称,制定人及日期等). , 制定时不同层别最好用线条区别开来,对重点突出数据用大号,颜色较鲜艳的字体 二、流程跟踪法 1. 定义 a. 理解和记录一个产品制造情况的方法 b. 亲自体验制作过程中的每一步 c. 有目标地寻求机会去改良生产方法与质量控制手段 2. 工序及详细说明 a. 给每一工序编号:即按顺序列出工序编号 b. 工序描述:使用统一的动词记录各步骤——(移动,等待,准备,冲压,皮膜,铆接,焊接,拉钉等) c. 工序区别:工序尽可能分细 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 3. 流程跟踪分步规类 a. 建设性工序 , 操作:使组件实质上有某种物理或化学的改变,属于建设性工序. , 内部检查:在作业过程中建设性步骤与操作者实时进行的检查 b. 非建设性工序 , 外部检查 , 材料/转移/运输 , 等候库存/加工/转移时间 c. 工序统计资料 , 在本工序使用/提供的机器数 , 人数:有时只有人兼做,无人专做 , 转移距离 , 本工序耗时 , 工序 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 : & 对本工序更详尽的说明 & 记录有关的数据如何完成一个工序 & 记录各种产量,数量 4. 流程跟踪法技巧 a. 设想你自己成为一个零件 b. 随同零件零件应该去的地方 c. 文件化零件的每 一工序,从开始到完成 d. 观察每一工序是如何完成的,并向作业者询问. e. 不存在不重要或意义不大的工序.(任何工序都很重要) f. 有目的观察是必须的.(5WIH) g. 尽可能准确记录观察到的现象 h. 用表格总结工序的数据. 5. 流程跟踪的利用. a. 优化建设性工序 , 改善工具,减少内部检查进间,机率. , 改人工判断为机械加工后自行判断 b. 减少非建设性工序 , 化外检查为检查 , 减少材料的转移与运输 , 减少库存/加工/转移时,及早发现质量问题 三.查检表 1.定义: 查检表是以表格的形式,将要进行的检查项目分类整理出来,然后按查检表定期进行检查,其作用在 于比较简便,直观地反映问题. 2.目的: 2.1.为了日常管理: 对质量管理项目的查检作业前的查检,设备安全的查检,作业标准的要求与遵守. 2.2.为了特别调查: 质量异常问题重点调查,不良原因调查及发现改善点的查检. 2.3.取得记录: 为了要 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 ,调查需取得记录,做成统计表以便分析. 3.分类. 3.1.点检用查检表 此类表在记录时只作“YES”或“NO”;”OK”或“NG”的注明. 3.1.1.制作步骤 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic A.制作表格,决定记录形式. B.将点检项目列出. C.查检,记录检查结果. D.异常事故处理. 3.1.2.实例: 冲压OQA组长日常工作点检表 日期: 点检项目 白班 夜班 现场物料是否按规划区域摆放. 1 10:00 16:00 23:00 29:00 物料摆放,包装是否符合质量要求. 2 是否对ON HOLD物料作出确认及处理. 3 现场之拒收物料是否通知相关人员处理. 4 现场急验或大量待验之物料是否已安排. 5 授权特采之物料是否已知会巡检. 6 各检验人员是否定岗检验物料. 7 客户投诉问题有无重点跟进. 8 工程变更,修模,改模通知单是否知会检验员. 9 上一班同事交接问题有否清楚明白. 10 白班是否有参加PC ASS’Y广告牌会议. 11 白班是否有参加MPT广告牌会议. 12 检验是否按QII或特定要拒收/允收物料. 13 检验是否按检验工作指示填写记录. 14 稽核人: 备注: 说明:若该项目点检并完成,请当班组长在对应空格内填“Y”,其它未明之事可在备注栏内注明. 3.2.记录用查检表. 记录用查检表用来收集计量或记数数据,通常使用划记法. 实例: 4.查检表的使用方法.: 4.1. 查检内容要使工作现场的人员了解,并能作在职训练(OJT). 4.2. 需明确查检责任者由谁来做. 4.3. 对事实,现物的观察要客观,详细. 4.4. 发现的现况要当场记录. 4.5. 根据记录作成数据及统计图. 4.6. 尽快将发现的情况,向主管阶层报告. and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 4.7. 了解现况要马上采取对策. 4.8. 有了对策要立即采取行动. 4.9. 查检的结果,有关人员必须了解. 四.柏拉图 1.定义 柏拉图是将质量不良原因加以量化,对高比率项目加以原因调查,分析.并采取适当纠正措施进行改善,以获得质量效率提升的一种图表. 2.制作步骤 2.1.决定质量分析的期间,以确定进行数据的选取. 2.2.将质量统计数据按项目别进行分类登记. 2.3.各项目数据按其大小顺序依次自左向右排列在横轴上.(即大数靠近纵轴). 2.4.以纵轴表示项目的数量. 2.5.在横轴上绘制每个项目的柱状图. 2.6.逐项累计项目数量,并按纵轴参数将所得之累计数标在柏拉图上. 2.7.连接累计曲线. 3.实例 3.1 PC厂2001年装配一部产品质量状况统计如下表. 序号 不合格项目 不合格数量 占不合格总数比率(%) 累计比率(%) 产品表面刮花 1 392 39.2 39.2 产品变形 2 330 33 72.2 破损 3 116 11.6 83.8 油污 4 91 9.1 92.9 标签移位 5 31 3.1 96 装箱数量不符 6 27 2.7 98.7 其它 7 13 1.3 100 合计 1000 100 3.2.绘制柏拉图. 3.3.解读柏拉图. 由上图可知: 造成质量不合格的主要因素是: A.产品表面刮花; B.产品变形; C.产品破损. 此三项累计达83.8%,工厂应着重调查造成此三项不合格的原因,并在综合分析的基础上,制定出有针对性的纠正措施. and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 4.柏拉图看法. ,以及要因别,现象别,品种别(Y轴) 柏拉图是以数据,项目分类.如:不良损失金额,不良件数,缺点数(X)轴 依其大小顺序排列的条图,对现场管理及监督者而言,可看出下列问题. 4.1.哪一项目问题最大. 4.2.问题大小排列一目了然. 4.3.各项目对整体所占分量及其影响程度如何. 4.4.减少不良项目对整体效果的预测评估. 5.柏拉图用法: 5.1.掌握问题点:虽然分类很多,但实际上影响较大的只不过是2-3项,因此很容易找出问题出在哪里. 5.2.发现原因:从结果到原因,可查出结果如:不良项目别,场所别,工程别,原因如:原料别(Material),机械别(Machine),方法别(Method),人为别(Man),测量别(Measurement). 5.3.报告与记录:只看数据是无法知道分类项目的影响,但柏拉图就能正确的把内容表示出来,可用在报告及记录上. 五.特性要因图(鱼骨图) 1.定义: A.所谓特性要因图就是将某项结果的众多 原因以系统的方式图解之,亦即以图来表示结果(特性)与原因(要因)之间的关系. B.因其形状象鱼骨,又称鱼骨图. C.某次结果之形成,必定有其原因 ,应设法利用图解法 找出原 因来. 首先提出这个概念的是日本品管的权威石川博士,所以特性要因图又称“石川图”)D.由于是集中众多人智慧,全方位分析问题, 所以又)称为“脑力风暴法”. 2. 优点: ,)从多方面分析问题,不遗漏) ,)系统分析问题,使要因明朗化) ,)集中众人的智慧,发挥团队协作与各人专长) 3. 特性要因图使用步骤 步骤1: 集合有关人员:召集与此问题相关的,有经验的人员,人数最好4 –10人 步骤2: 准备一块白板及2 – 3支白板笔. 步骤3: 由集合的人员就影响问题的要因发言,发言内容记入 图上,中途不可批评或质问.(脑力激荡法) and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 步骤4: 时间大约1个小时,搜集20 –30个原因则可结束. 步骤5: 就所搜集的要因,何者影响最大,再由大家轮流发言, 经大家磋商后,认为影响较大的予圈上红色圈. 步骤6: 与步骤5一样,针对已圈上一个红圈的,若认为最重要 的可以圈上两圈,三圈. 步骤7: 重新画一张要因图,未上圈的予去除,圈数愈多的列 为最优先处理. 特性要因分析图提供的是抓取重要原因的工具,所以参 加的人员应包含对此项工作具有经验者者易奏效. 4. 特性要因图与柏拉图之使用 , 建立柏拉图须先以层别建立要求目的之统计表. , 建立柏拉图之目的,在于掌握影响全局较大的重要(少数)项目. , 再利用特性要因图针对这些项目形成的要因逐予探讨,并采取改善对策 所以特性要因图可以单独使用,也可联合柏拉图使用. 六.直方图 1.定义: 直方图又称柱状图,是将统计数据汇总,分组,并将每组数据绘成柱状图,依统计数据的分布形状, 进行产品生产过程.质量状态及管制能力的分析. 2.目的 2.1.比较平均值与标准值,将其作为是否调整制程生产质量管理方式的依据. 2.2.评估制程能力是否符合工程设计能力的依据. 2.3.考核各部门质量管理绩效的依据. 2.4.比较物料或供货商的方法. 3.制作步骤 3.1.收集数据,并记录于纸上. 3.2.将统计数据的分组,确定组数是直方图分析中的重要步骤.将统计的样本总数进行合理分组便于观察数据分布情况,合理的组数与样本总数的关系通常为: N(样本总数) 组数 N(样本总数) 组数 4-6组 15-19组 50 200-400 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 7-10组 400以上 20组 50-100 11-14组 100-200 3.3.计算全距,组距,组界,中心值. A.全距:代号为R,是数据中最大值(L)与最小值(S)的差.即R=L-S. B.组距,代号为C,组距( C )=R/组数.组距通常选整数. C.确定组界. 最小值的下组界=S-测量值的最小位数/2. 测量值的最小位数一般是1或0.1. 最小一组的上组界=下组界+组距. D.确定中心值. 各组界之间的中心值,也称中值,每组的中心值=(该组的上组界+下组界)/2. 3.4.统计符合各组值的数据次数. 在已确定的每组上下界的数值范围内,将样本数据中符合此范围的样本统计出来,每一个数 据为一次. 3.5.建立坐标系. 以数据的次数值为纵轴,特性值为横轴,建立坐标系. 3.6.按每组数据的多少在坐标中绘出柱状图,并记入图名.日期,制作人等. 4.实例: 4.1.塑料厂为测定其2号注塑机射出速度是否正常,经统计获得以下数据: 4.2.由上表可知,样本最大值L=306,最小值S=292.全距R=306-292=14 假定组数为8组,则组距C=14/8=1.75=2 第一组的下组界=最小值-测定值的最小位数/2=292-0.5=291.5 4.3.次数分布表 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 4.4 2号注塑机射出速度直方图 2019 18 16 14 1112 10 877???Æ 6 34 2111 0291.5-293.5293.5-295.5295.5-297.5297.5-299.5299.5-301.5301.5-303.5303.5-305.5305.5-307.5 5.直方图在应用过程中的四种常见形态: 图(一):正态分布,左右对称,表明制程正常,稳定. 图(二):偏态分布,制程中显示有异常因素. 图(三):双峰分布,表明制程内有二种不同的偏差. 图(四):不正常分配,可能测定的数据有偏差. 七.散布图 1.定义: 散布图是用来表示一组成对的数据之间是否有相关性,这种成对的数据或许是“特性-要因”,“特性-特性”,“要因-要因”的关系. 2.应用过程中的六种常见形态. and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 3.制作步骤: 3.1.收集资料(至少30组以上). 3.2.找出数据中的最大值与最小值. 3.3.画出纵轴,横轴的刻度,计算组距. 通常纵轴代表结果,横轴代表原因. 组距的计算应以数据中的最大值减最小值再除以所需设定的组数求得. 3.4.将各组对应数标示在坐标上. 3.5.须填上数据的收集地点,时间,测定方法,制作者等. 4.实例: 下列数据表示铸造工程所使用铸砂混合树脂(粘剂),树脂量(%)对砂抗折力强度(kg/cm*cm) 的关系诫作一散布图分析两者关系性. 数据相关性研究统计表 NO X Y NO X Y NO X Y NO X Y NO X Y NO X Y 1 2.6 38 6 3.6 65 11 2.3 31 16 2.7 48 21 3.5 70 26 4.0 55 2 3.9 63 7 3.6 53 12 3.2 49 17 2.6 48 22 2.8 45 27 4.2 79 3 3.3 50 8 3.8 61 13 3.1 57 18 3.3 57 23 2.5 42 28 2.3 50 4 3.8 67 9 4.0 72 14 2.9 51 19 4.4 79 24 4.2 80 29 4.1 78 5 2.7 49 10 3.3 54 15 3.1 53 20 2.0 28 25 2.6 38 30 2.5 40 5.散布图重点: and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 5.1.可发现原因与结果的关系:收集原因的数据,与结果的数据,相对比较. 5.2.绘出散布图,对结果可一目了然:在散布图内,将原因和结果的数据点放. 5.3.可判断是有关联或是没有关联:由散布图可以清楚了解两组数据间的关系. 5.4.收集到的数据在图上无法判定:则应先属别,再行点入绘成散布图. and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic