初中记叙文阅读指导

初中记叙文阅读指导 记叙文阅读指导训练 记叙文 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 、出题点举隅 【知识点】 什么是记叙文, 记叙文是以写人记事、写景状物为主要内容，结合议论和抒情，以叙述为主要 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达方式的一种文体。广义的记叙文包括新闻、通讯、特写、传记、访问记、游记、报告文学、回忆录、童话、寓言、散文、小说等。根据初中教学的特点，我们重点研究小说及散文。 【出题点】 1、 整体感知，分清要素、线索、顺序。 2、 划分文章段落、层次，概括段意、层意，明确详略，归纳中心。 3、 理解重点段落、关键语句含义及作用。 4、 理解叙述、描写、说明、议论、抒情表达方式的作用。 5、 欣赏散文、小说等文学作品的形象、语言、表现手法等。 指导与训练,一， (一)文章信息的感知和提取 文章的信息包括文章的内容要点、写作顺序线索、作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情 【出题形式】 1、 理清文章的思路(梳理写作顺序或文章线索) 〖补充知识点〗 记叙文的线索:物线、事线、人线、感情线 常见的叙述顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙。 2、 归纳内容要点、概括中心思想(找出文章要素、理解作者思想感情) 〖补充知识点〗 记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。 概括记叙文中心的常用格式:本文记叙了(描写了)„„的故事(事迹、经过、事 件、景物)，表现了(反映了、歌颂了、揭露了、批 判了)„„的思想(性格、精神、实质)，抒发了作 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 者„„的感情。 【习题训练】 例一:《背影》节选 到南京时，有朋友约去游逛，勾留了一日;第二日上午便须渡江到浦口，下午上车北去。父亲因为事忙，本已说定不送我，叫旅馆里一个熟识的茶房陪我同去。他再三嘱咐茶房，甚是仔细。但他终于不放心，怕茶房不妥贴，颇踌躇了一会。其实我那年已二十岁，北京已来往过两三次，是没有什么要紧的了。他踌躇了一会，终于决定还是自己送我去。我再三劝他不必去;他只说:“不要紧，他们去不好～” 我们过了江，进了车站。我买票，他忙着照看行李。行李太多了，得向脚夫行些小费才可过去。他便又忙着和他们讲价钱。我那时真是聪明过分，总觉他说话不大漂亮，非自己插嘴不可，但他终于讲定了价钱;就送我上车。他给我拣定了靠车门的一张椅子;我将他给我做的紫毛大衣铺好坐位。他嘱我路上小心，夜里要警惕些，不要受凉。又嘱托茶房好好照应我。我心里暗笑他的迂迂他们只认得钱，托他们只是白托～而且我这样大年纪的人，难道还不能料理自己么,唉，我现在想想，那时真是太聪明了～ 1、 指出这段文字的记叙要素。 ,(时间 ,(地点 ,(主要人物 ,(事情 2、 用横线在文中画出插叙的语句。 3、 文中画横线的句子表达了作者什么思想感情, 例二:《大声地生活》 那天，我领着女儿上街，在一个书摊前选了两本书，手伸到兜里掏钱，突然碰到一只手，我吓了一跳，禁不住“哎”了一声，就见一个男人嗖的一下转身离开了，留给我一个穿黑色皮夹克的背影。女儿在旁边连忙问:“妈妈，怎么了,” 我小声说:“有小偷。 女儿大声说:“在哪,快抓住他～” 我用手指了指那个背影，小声说:“就是他，不过没偷着，别吱声。” 想不到女儿冲着那个背影大声地喊道:“坏蛋，小偷，谁让你偷我妈妈,我给你告警察～” 我吓得用手猛拉女儿两下:“别喊了，你爸爸不在这儿，小心他会打我们～” anges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordinations, wor2 “他敢～有警察呢。妈妈，快把电话拿出来，打110。”女儿理直气壮地大声说。 我有些害怕地看着那个背影，生怕他回转身来打我们母女二人。可是，他没有，他走得更快了，走到街角拐弯处，急忙钻进胡同里，看不见了。我这才松口气。这时女儿拉拉我的手，生气地说:“妈妈，你为什么不报警察,你看你让他跑了，他又去偷别人了。”让她这么一说，我有些脸红，周围的人都看着我，我心里有些别扭，就冲着她说:“你大声嚷嚷什么,”“我就大声嚷嚷，好让坏人怕我们，你那么小声，好像我们是坏人似的～” 我望着才8岁的女儿，哑口无言。想了一会，只好说:“算了，算了，我们买书吧～”我又从兜里掏钱。想不到女儿拦住我，又冲那卖书的人大声说:“我看见你刚才用那样的眼光看我妈妈，你肯定是看见小偷掏我妈妈的兜，可你为什么不说,你帮助坏人，我们不买你的书了～”说完，拉着我就走。我这才想起来，刚才小偷在我旁边，我和小偷正对着书摊，卖书人看着我往外掏钱，一定也看见了小偷正在掏我的钱。我不满地看着他，他也看着我，把头扭到一边去，什么也没说。我牵起女儿的手，大声地说:“走，我们不买了～” 我领着女儿上了公共汽车，女儿瞪着一双眼睛，东瞧瞧，西望望，好像在找什么，我拉了 你干什么呢,” 她一下，小声问她:“ “我看有没有小偷,”声音宏亮，传遍整个车厢。周围的人愣了一下，接着哄笑起来。 女儿扬起脸，冲着他们说:“我就要大声喊，让那些坏人怕我们，让他们不敢再做坏事～”我张了张嘴想说她却没有说出口。周围突然变得安静起来，人们都闭紧嘴巴不再说话了。车停了，我领着女儿下了车，走了两步才想起来忘了给女儿买票，回过身来看见那个平时总 是凶猛地盯着小孩查票的女售票员冲我们友好地笑了，车就开走了。 这时候，我就想:也许我们大人的话，不一定就是对的，至少我们在使用声音这个问题上，就不如小孩子:我们对自己的孩子大声嚷嚷，我们对父母也曾大过嗓门，我们对朋友同事也曾高声叫喊。唯独，我们面对危害我们的坏人，却能保持沉默。 1、 用自己的语言概括文中写了哪几件事, 2、 这篇文章主要表达了作者怎样的思想感情, (二)重点语句和关键词语的分析和体味 【出题形式】 1、 理解文章中重要词语、句子的含义 out consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners a3 词语(1)指代性词语(短语)在文中指代的具体对象或内容。 (2)题眼，揭示文章中心和主题的词语。 (3)在文中具有特定含义的词语。(反语讽刺、一语双关) 句子(1)中心句 (2)过渡句 (3)语言优美，哲理深厚的句子 2、 重点语句和关键词语的作用 〖补充知识点〗 作用要从两方面考虑， 一从结构上，常起A承上启下过渡、B总领下文或C总结上文的作用; 二从内容上，常有A开篇点题，B设伏笔、C作铺垫、D深化中心、E点明主旨(画龙点睛)等作用。 【习题训练】 例一: 从前有个人，在沙漠中迷失了方向，饥渴难忍，濒临死亡。可他仍然拖着沉重的脚步，一步一步地向前走，终于找到了一间废弃的小屋。这间屋子已久无人住，风吹日晒，摇摇欲坠。在屋前，他发现了一个吸水器，于是便用力抽水，可滴水全无。他气恼至极。忽又发现旁边有一个水壶，壶口被木塞塞住，塞上有一个纸条，上面写着:“你要先把这壶水灌到吸水器中，然后才能打水。但是，在你走之前一定要把水壶装满。”他小心翼翼地打开水壶塞，里面果然有一壶水。 这个人面临着艰难的抉择，是不是该按纸条上所说的，把这壶水倒进吸水器里,如果倒进去之后吸水器不出水，岂不白白浪费了这救命之水,相反，要是把这壶水喝下去就会保住自己的生命。一种奇妙的灵感给了他力量，他下决心照纸条上说的做，果然吸水器中涌出了泉水。他痛痛快快地喝了个够!休息一会儿，他把水壶装满水，塞上壶塞，在纸条上加了几句话:“请相信我，纸条上的话是真的，你只有把生死置之度外，才能尝到甘美的泉水。” 为什么说“这个人面临着艰难的抉择”, 例二:《美丽的桥》 ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s4 很久以前，一直和睦地生活在相毗邻的两个庄园里的一对亲兄弟陷入了一场纠纷，这是四十年来两兄弟之间首次发生的纷争。 在这四十年当中，他们俩肩并肩地辛勤劳动，共用农业机具、互换丰收果实。这种漫长而有益的合作突然停止了，原因是发生了一起小误会，结果发展到了反目成仇的地步。 一天上午，有人敲开了哥哥家的大门，一个背着木匠工具的人对哥哥说:“我正在找活干，如果您的庄园需要修缮，我可以帮助您。”“是的，我这里正需要你，”哥哥回答说。哥哥说:“你瞧，在小溪另一边的那个庄园里住着我弟弟。上周我们两个庄园之间还是一个美丽的大牧场，但是，前几天我弟弟用推土机开了一条渠，从此，一条小溪横在我们的庄园中间。”“他这样对待我，我要给他点颜色看。你看到粮仓旁边那堆废木头了吧，我想让你在这里造一个两米高的围栏，此后，我永远都不想见到他了，”哥哥说道。木匠对哥哥说:“我懂了，请给我钉子和挖坑埋木桩用的铁锨，我的活肯定会使您满意的。” 哥哥帮助木匠准备好了所有的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 后，离开了庄园忙别的去了。 木匠一整天都在忙碌着，又是测量，又是锯木头，又是钉钉„„日落时分，木匠已经干完了活。这时哥哥回来了，看到眼前的一切惊讶地目瞪口呆。因为他没有看到两米高的围栏，而是一座小桥———一座穿过小溪连通两个庄园的桥，它精美的简直就像一件艺术品。 这时，弟弟从桥那边的庄园走过来，抱住哥哥说:“你真伟大～在我做了对不起你的事之后，你却建造了一座美丽的桥。”说完，他哭了。 当兄弟两人重归于好的时候，他们看到木匠正在一边默默地收拾工具。“等一下，我这里还有很多活需要你做。”哥哥对木匠说道。木匠回答说:“我倒是很愿意留下来，但是还有很多桥等我去造。” 1、这作桥所以是“美丽”的，有两方面的原因: 2、结合语境，谈谈文中“颜色”一词的意思。 3、怎样理解“我倒是很愿意留下来，但是还有很多桥等我去造。” (三)文章的表达方式与表现手法的作用 【出题形式】 判断文章或段落采用了何种表达方式、表现手法，并分析其作用 roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig5 〖补充知识点〗 表达方式:叙述、描写、议论、抒情、说明。(记叙文中一般都要综合运用叙述、 描写、议论、抒情，而叙述和描写是不可以缺少的) 表现手法:详略得当、首尾呼应、正侧结合、虚实相间、欲扬先抑、借景抒情、巧 设悬念、托物言志、象征、对比等 【习题训练】 例:《萌芽》 在院子里乘凉，老是看见邻家一个小男孩葡萄时把葡萄核埋在一个装满土的花盆里。起先，我并不在意，看久了，便问:“你怎么老把葡萄核埋在花盆里,” “我想种出葡萄来”他头都不抬。 “可种葡萄是用葡萄藤插栽呀，你这样种不出来的。” “知道。” 那你干吗还这样,“我好奇了。 “种葡萄非要用葡萄藤吗,我想创造奇迹。”孩子抬起头，眼里贮满了希望。 过后，总看见男孩精心地为他种下的葡萄浇水，然后就蹲在花盆前发呆，眼中尽是希望，以至于院子里其他小孩叫他去玩，他也不理。显然，他沉浸在他的希望里。 男孩的家长几天后才发现男孩的古怪。这天，家里正好酱油用完了，男孩正蹲在门外，他父亲叫他买酱油，连叫了几声，没人应，出去一看，发现男孩呆呆地蹲在花盆前，父亲便说:“你蹲在这里干什么,叫你几声都听不见，你心到哪去了,买酱油去～”说着，便递钱给了孩子。 过了很久，男孩还没把酱油买回来，孩子的父亲慌了，忙走出去，一出门，就见孩子还蹲在门口的花盆前，手里捏着他给的钱。 孩子的父亲生气了，过去一把扯着孩子的手，呵斥道:“你怎么搞的,叫你去买酱油，你还死在这里,” 孩子的心思还在花盆里，葡萄核栽进去很久了，还没发芽，孩子有些失望了，他说:“我在想，这葡萄怎么不发芽,” 孩子的父亲听了，更气了，大声说:“以前就跟你说过，你这样做没用，你真是执迷不悟。”说着打了孩子一个耳光，并举起花盆，把它摔碎了。 孩子看着满地的泥土与碎片，哭了。 男孩毕竟还小，他在沉默了几天后，又恢复了以往的活泼，又开始和院里的小孩一起玩。 一星期后，也在乘凉的时候，我看见院里的一个女孩吃葡萄时也把葡萄核埋在花盆里，我想过去告诉她葡萄核长不出葡萄，但还没等我过去，男孩也看见了，男孩走了过去，跟女孩说:“你怎么老把葡萄核埋在花盆里,” s, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordination6 “我想种出葡萄来。” “种葡萄要用葡萄藤插栽，你这样种不出的。” “知道。” “那你干吗还这样,” “种葡萄非要葡萄藤吗,我想创造奇迹。”女孩抬起头，眼里贮满了希望。 男孩说:“真的，你这样做没用，我以前也这样做过，没用的。” “种下去要每天浇水，你知道吗,”男孩点点头，张开嘴，还想说些什么，但什么也没说就跑回屋子。 几天后，女孩的花盆里居然长出嫩嫩的葡萄藤来，女孩开心极了。我看见她把院子里的小孩都叫去看，也叫了男孩，但男孩没去，男孩在一群孩子围着花盆时，一个人躲在一边流泪了。 我看见男孩流泪，走过去，我说:“你怎么在这里流泪,” 男孩说:“葡萄藤是女孩的父亲插下去的，我看见了。” 男孩又说:“她父亲真好。”说着，男孩呜呜地哭了。 1、分析文章画线句子的表达方式及作用。 2、分析文章主要运用的表现手法及作用。 综合训练,一， 两种命运 墙外有一棵槐树，合抱那么粗。操场扩建时，施工队把它锯掉了。第二年，我和邻居家的院子里各拱出一堆槐树的嫩芽，肥肥的、壮壮的，没等盛夏到来，它们就已是一丛茂密的小灌木。 一天，见邻居把灌木砍得还剩一枝。我也拿了把菜刀来到我家的那丛灌木前，想去掉它们中的一些。就在要动刀时，我犹豫起来，因为十几根嫩绿的枝条生得都很有力，大小也差不多，去掉谁呢,斟酌再三，我又把刀送了回去。 冬去春来:寒暑往返。我家的小灌木不断地长粗长高，俨然一片小森林，就在我期望它们都长大成材的时候，一棵小槐树在隔壁邻居家的院子里拔地而起，它浓黑的树冠隔墙可见。没等我家的小灌木高过墙头，它的枝叶就已罩了过来。 一年，两年，三年，随着邻居家的树愈来愈大，我家的这丛小灌木显得愈来愈力不从心， ners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) act7 等邻居家的槐树碗口粗的时候，我家的小灌木再没了生机勃勃的景象，由于它们上面的天空全部被大槐树遮盖。它们不再长高、长粗、长大，而是今年发芽明年枯萎，后年再发芽接着再枯萎。直到我们从那儿搬走，它们都在重复着这样的命运。 前些日子，我重返那座小院，见新主人已把它们彻底地铲除，取而代之的是一张石桌和四只小石凳，夏日的阳光烤着大地，桌子和小凳上却是一片浓密的树荫，隔壁的那棵大槐树亭亭如车盖，在微风中摇曳着墨黑的树叶。 回家的路上，我对丈夫说，钢琴、书法、绘画，只能让儿子学一样，不能再这样下去。丈夫不明白什么意思。这也难怪，因为他没住过那个小院，没见过我家的那丛小灌木生长在大树下是什么样子，更不知道那张石桌下曾拱出过一堆嫩芽。 1、解释文中加点的词。 斟酌 (( 2、“两种命运”在文中具体是指两种什么命运, 3、找出文中着力描写邻居家槐树的词语(3个)，说说这样多次描写的目的, 4、造成灌木丛“两种命运”的原因是什么,结合文中内容作简要分析。 5、文章结尾由树木的成材议及莘莘学子的成才，请思考“我”为什么说“钢琴、书法、绘画只能让儿子学一样”, 6、在推行素质教育的今天，你有怎样的“成才观”, 指导与训练,二， anges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordinations, wor8 (一)段落层次的划分 思路，就是文章作者按照一定的条理由此及彼地表达思想的脉络、路径。不同的文章，有不同的思路。而思路并不是什么抽象的东西，事实上，文章的思路隐含在文章的结构之中，一篇文章的结构就是文章思路的具体展现。 因此，要想把握住文章的总体思路，就应该从分析文章的结构入手，从归纳各段段意入手。给文章划分层次，理清段与段之间以及一段之内各个句群或句子之间的层次关系，是把握文章思路脉络的手段，也是了解作者的写作意图、观点态度的手段。 【出题形式】 1、 为文章划分段落结构 〖补充知识点〗 如何划分段落层次呢,方法如下:(不同的依据可有不同的划分法) 1)按时间推进划分(时间词语为标志) 2)按空间变换划分(地点词语为标志) 3)按感情的变化划分 4)按选材角度或内容的变化划分 5)按逻辑关系划分(总分式、层进式、并列式) 〖技巧〗 简单说就是合并同类项，把相同内容的合为一层，把不同的分开来。找中心句，注意段首句、段尾句。(如无中心句)归纳段意:本段(概括或具体)写了“谁——干什么”(或“什么——怎么样”) 2、 段意、层意的概括 〖补充知识点〗 归纳大意是在分层次的基础上进行的，或者是同步进行的，一般说来在分层次合并同类项的同时，大脑也就在归纳各层的大致意思，再进而形诸文字而已。归纳层次大意主要有三种形式:一是用最简洁的文字说明各层写了什么;二是用表明作者观点的话来概括;三是选用文中现有的关键词自己组合成句来概括。不论采用哪种形式，都要遵循基本的原则:一是力求完整，不能以偏概全;二是力求简洁，不要过多复述;三是力求明确，不能笼统含糊。 【习题训练】 例:阅读下面一段记叙文，用双竖线在原文中划分出三个层次，并概括每层的 out consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners a9 主要意思。 这天一大早，我们去山林里采野果。我们顺着一条崎岖的路走着，山越来越近了，瞧，千枝万树，五颜六色:青翠的松柏，墨绿的椴榆，火红的枫树，橙黄的榛树，枝丫搭着枝丫，叶子覆着叶子，一层层，一片片。红绿相间，紫橙交错，好看极了。我不禁喊了一声:“好一座五彩山～”走进林子，阳光暗淡了，天空也被树木的枝叶撕成了各种形状的白片片，林子里的山果使我们眼花缭乱。那紫莹莹的山葡萄，抖落着晶莹的水珠，像一串串的响铃;那山里红、野海棠，扬起了红喷喷的脸蛋儿，大松树上挂着的松塔一个个像大绣球。我们从榛子叶下摘着一个个圆鼓鼓的榛子。我咬开硬壳，吃了几口榛子仁儿，那浓浓的香味使我忘记了路上的疲劳。谁会想到这些不显眼的小灌木，竟然长出这般酥脆清甜的果实,到这里，我真感到胳膊短了，眼睛少了。太阳偏西，我们背了满篓的榛子、松子、山核桃、野海棠，还有一些蘑菇下山了。 (二)欣赏作品中的形象 【出题形式】 通过描写分析人物形象 〖补充知识点〗 1、 小说三要素:人物、环境、故事情节。 2、 记叙文中的人物描写手法 说明:小说中有关人物的描写还有环境等，其作用是为了突出人物描写心理，衬托人物的某种心情，烘托渲染气氛。 〖技巧〗 1、 找人物性格特征的内容依据:包括动作、语言、外貌、、心理、环境描写) 2、 结合文中对人物称谓或有关人物的隐喻的事物，确定答题的用词感情倾向 褒贬色彩 3、 用清晰、准确、全面的语言写出分析结果 【习题训练】 例:《父亲给我上的一堂课》 我听过一个美国男孩拉凡?斯蒂恩讲的故事，他从父亲对一个贫苦孩子的尊重中，懂得了怎样做人。 s, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordination10 我家住在北达科他州莫特市的一个草原小镇上，爸爸在那里开了个小商店，我们称之为“我们自己的五金家具店”，我们七个孩子从小就在店里帮忙。这样，我们自然就学到了从商的技能。 开始，我们只是做些诸如打扫卫生、把货物摆到货架上、以及包裹材料之类的零活，后来我们就开始接待顾客了。在这期间，我们逐渐了解到这项工作的意义不仅仅是生存和销售。有一天，父亲给我上的一堂课让我永远铭记在心。那是在圣诞节前，当时我上八年级，只在晚上帮爸爸干活，替爸爸管理玩具部。这天晚上，一个五六岁的小男孩走进商店，身上穿着一件棕褐色的旧衣服，袖口又脏又破。他的头发乱七八糟，还有一绺头发直直地立在前额上。他的鞋子磨损得非常厉害，有一只鞋子的鞋带还是断的。在我看来，这个小男孩非常穷，穷得根本买不起任何东西。他在玩具部左看右看，不时拿起一两件玩具，然后又仔细地把它们放回原来的位置。 爸爸下楼走到小男孩身边，望着他那微笑着的眼睛以及脸颊上深陷的两个漂亮酒窝，和蔼地问小男孩想买什么。小男孩说他想为他的兄弟买一件圣诞节礼物。爸爸对待他的态度就像接待成年人一样，这给我留下很深的印象。爸爸告诉他随便看、尽管挑，小男孩确实这样做了。 大约20分钟后，小男孩小心翼翼地拿起一架玩具飞机，走到我爸爸面前说:“先生，这个多少钱,” “你有多少钱,”爸爸问。 小男孩握着的拳头松开了。他的手掌因为紧握着钱而留下一道又湿又脏的折痕。手掌展开后，我看到里面有两枚一角的硬币、一枚五分镍币和两便士，折合计27美分。而他选中的玩具飞机价值3.98美元。 “你的钱正好够。”爸爸说着接过他手中的钱。爸爸的回答至今仍在我耳畔回响。在我为小男孩包裹礼物的时候，我心里一直在想着这件事，当小男孩走出商店的时候，我没有再去注意他身上那件又脏又旧的衣服和他的乱蓬蓬的头发，以及那只断了的鞋带。我只看到一个怀抱珍宝的容光焕发的男孩。 你看，拉凡?斯蒂恩从父亲对待贫苦小顾客的态度中，懂得了怎样尊重一个平凡的孩子。 为什么要赔钱把小飞机卖给那个小男孩,因为父亲知道小男孩是想“为他的兄弟买一件圣诞礼物”，父亲看重的不是赚钱，而是小男孩的爱心，因为大爱无价～ 但父亲为什么不直接把小飞机白送给小男孩，而是问他“你有多少钱”,因为父亲明白，小男孩更需要自尊，而不是施舍。 当男孩子展开手掌，数出比飞机价格低得多的27美分时，父亲却说“你的钱正好够”，这让男孩子产生了极大的成就感。 n coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and ow11 斯蒂恩在父亲的感染下，还学会了看人。当这个五六岁的小男孩刚刚走进商店时，斯蒂恩看到的是他破旧的衣服和乱七八糟的头发，但在父亲的影响下，斯蒂恩改变了他的眼光，当男孩走出商店时，他“只看到一个怀抱珍宝的容光焕发的男孩”。 有的同学爱以貌取人，瞧不起普通劳动者，但你仔细想一想，如果没有建筑工人，我们住的房子哪儿来,没有种地的农民，我们吃的粮食哪儿来,没有制衣的裁缝，我们穿的衣服哪儿来,没有环卫工人，我们周围干净的环境哪儿来,没有园林工人，我们城市的绿化哪儿来, 生存，离不开劳动，我们没有理由轻视普通的劳动者。 面对平凡，你要真诚地去爱，爱能使你自觉去尊重人，尊重劳动果实。当你学会了尊重，你将成为一个受人尊敬的人，成为一个创造劳动价值的人。 1、 文章第二段，对小男孩的外貌进行了出色的描写，试找出其中一句，并简 要分析其作用, 2、 你最喜欢文中哪个人物,为什么, (三)开放性阅读试题 这类试题实际就是要考查学生对选文内容或重要句子的感悟能力。要求学生把阅读与生活、阅读与写作、阅读与学习方法、阅读与创新有机地结合起来。 【出题形式及解题指导】 ? 要求根据选文材料谈看法、感受和启示; 解题指导:一般情况下，这种题目要针对文章的主题来理解。 ? 结合实际阐述对选文内容的理解; 解题指导:联系自己的生活实际或者是针对当代青少年的实际情况，从正面看待问题。 ? 对文中的人物进行评说; 解题指导:先谈这是个怎样的人物形象，然后再说自己对他的看法。 ? 根据生活、学习经验，判断优劣，对选文材料谈自己独到的见解; 解题指导:不一定面面俱到，可以从某一个方面进入。 ? 联系实际对文中说明的现象提出合理化的建议和设想; 解题指导:注意 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 的可行性。 ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s12 ? 调动知识的积累，考查选文材料由内向外的延伸和课本外与内的联系;还有学科间的整合知识。 ? 发挥联想、想像补写有关内容; ? 对文中的艺术手法或美点进行赏析。 解题指导:先写出自己对文中的哪个方面比较欣赏，然后按照赏析的基本步骤进行。 ? 要求仿照文中的有关句子的修辞手法、句式，仿写一句话，要求在内容上紧密相关，在形式上一致。 【习题训练】 例:《收麦子》 下午，方老师正津津有味地给中学生们讲课时，他那5岁半的孩子跌跌撞撞地从外面冲进教室来。 “爹，快——妈叫你回去收谷，要下雨了。”方老师突然愣住了，望了望窗外，这才发觉天变得黑沉沉的，他脸色沉下来。“你先回去帮你妈收，我——”离下课还有二十多分钟，他心里道:谷子被淋了也罢，可不能耽误这么多孩子的课。 方老师打发了儿子后说:“同学们，咱们继续上课，刚才讲到雷锋帮助„„”“老师——”方老师话未讲完，班长就站了起来说，“我家也晒谷了，我得赶回去„„”“好，你——你走吧。”方老师眉一皱，很不高兴地同意了。他明白这些农村孩子的家庭情况。班长走后，又有不少学生提出要走，方老师的话题一次又一次地被打断，他满脸不高兴，却又显得无可奈何，索性说:“好吧，同学们，天要下雨了，你们谁需要回家帮忙的，可以回去，剩下的继续上课。”谁知话音刚落，学生们纷纷冲出教室，一会就消失在远处。方老师被眼前的景象惊呆了——教室里，他的面前只剩下空空的座位。窗外，一片阴沉沉的天。“哎，农村的孩子„„”良久，方老师自言自语地说，心里感到不是滋味。刮风了，几个豆大的雨点开始砸在窗子上，方老师也顾不得什么，急忙冲出教室，朝自家的晒谷场跑去。 跑到自家晒谷场，方老师被眼前的一切惊呆了——数十个同学在班长的带领下，扫的扫，搬的搬，忙忙碌碌。方老师顿时涌出两行热泪。 1、 发挥想象，班长面对这一突发事件，是怎样巧妙组织学生到老师家帮助收 谷的, n coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and ow13 2、 在特定情况下，班长充满机敏和智慧的语言，收到了出奇的好效果，确实令 人称道。在生活中，你也许会遇到各种类似的特定情况，你怎样应付，并收到 好效果的呢,说说看～ (四)其他类型试题 1、 八种常用修辞手法的定义: ? 比喻: 是根据事物之间的相似点，用乙事物(喻体)跟甲事物(本体)作比。比喻分为明喻、暗喻和借喻三种。要注意的是，用“像”“仿佛”不一定就是比喻。 ? 拟人: 是把事物当作人，把它写成有人一样的感情和人一样的动作神态。 ? 夸张: 是为了更突出、更鲜明地表达某一事物，对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等作扩大或缩小的描述。 ? 排比: 是把内容紧密关联、结构相同或相似、语气一致的几个句子或短语接连说出来。句子或短语量上够不上三个的，不是排比。 ? 对偶: 是用结构相同或基本相同、字数相等的一对句子或短语来表达两个相对或相近的意思。它一般只在诗歌或对联中出现。 ? 反复: 是为了突出某个意思，强调某种感情，有意重复某个词、短语或句子的修辞方法。反复有连续反复和间隔反复(重复的词、短语或句子中间插入其它内容)两种。 ? 设问: 是为了引起别人的注意，故意先提出问题，不直接把自己的看法说出来的修辞方法。设问分两种，一种是自问自答，一种是问而不答。 ? 反问: 是为了加强语气，用疑问句的形式表示确定意思的修辞方法。以肯定形式问表示的是否定的意思。 ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s14 【注意】 比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法的主要作用是增强语言的形象性，设问、反问、反复、排比、对偶等修辞手法的主要作用是增强语言气势。 2、 记叙的人称及作用: ? 第一人称“我”，好处是亲切自然，真实可信; ? 第三人称“他”，好处是不受空间和时间的限制，能从更多的方面自由地叙 述。 明确记叙的人称，有助于体味作者对所写的人物、事件的态度，进而理解文章的内容和结构。 3、 记叙的详略 记叙文有详写和略写，能够反映文章中心的要详写，与中心思想关系不大的一般略写或不写。阅读时，要清楚哪些详写，哪些略写，并知道为什么。 综合训练,二， 一、 看完电视以后，老王一整夜都没睡好。第二天一大早就往武汉打电话，直到9点，那端才响起儿子的声音:“爸，什么事?”他连忙问:“昨晚的天气预报看了没有?寒流快到武汉了，厚衣服准备好了吗?要不然，叫你妈给寄„„” 儿子漫不经心:“不要紧的，还很暖和呢，到真冷了再说。”老王絮絮叨叨，儿子不耐烦了:“知道了，知道了。”搁了电话。 他刚准备再拨过去，铃声突响，是他住在哈尔滨的老母亲，声音发颤:“天气预报说，北京今天要变天，你加衣服了没有?”疾风阵阵，穿过窗户缝隙乘虚而入，他还来不及答话，已经结结实实打了个大喷嚏。 老母亲急了:“已经感冒了不是?怎么这么不听话?从小就不爱加衣服„„”絮絮叨叨，从他7岁时的“劣迹”一直说起，他赶紧截住:“妈，你那边天气怎么样?”老人答:“雪还在下呢。” 他不由自主地愣住了。 在寒潮初袭的清晨，他深深牵挂的，是北风尚未抵达的武汉，却忘了匀一些，给北风起源处的故乡和已经年过7旬的母亲。 人间最温暖的亲情，为什么意是这样的?老王自己都有点发懵。 ively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s15 1( 指出上文所叙事情发生的时间 、地点 、文中主要人物 。 2( 用文中词语填空。 ? 老王对儿子的关爱、老母亲对老王的关爱，同样表现为他们说活时的 。 ? 对于父亲的叮嘱，儿子的态度是 ;对于老母亲的叮嘱，老王的表现是 。 3(老王为什么“不由自主地愣住了?” 4、“人间最温暖的亲情，为什么竟是这样的”含义是什么?表现了老王怎样的心理? 5(老王对儿子和对母亲的不同态度，主要是用什么写法来表现的? 6(读了上文，你受到什么教育? 7、给短文加一个标题 二、《掌声》 (1)一走进教室，我就感到有些蹊跷--安静得好像潜伏着一种与平时不同的意味。果然，师生相互问好后，我还没开口讲课，就发现全班50多个学生都直勾勾地盯着我身后的黑板。为了让学生集中精力，我立即以平静的语调导入新课: (2)同学们，今天，我们上„„" (3)“报告老师，您看黑板上～”班上最活泼的女生王娜娜边站起来边喊道。 (4)我一下子惊呆了，脑子一片空白——原来黑板上有一行清晰的粉笔字:“高老师是个”，后边还有一个不太清晰的“坏”字。 (5)这是我教学近10年来从未出现的情况，过去每当我上语文课时，黑板总是擦得干干净净，我的心情总是清清爽爽。 (6)这几个字，显然是我有什么得罪学生的地方，他们是在向我公开挑战。我仔细一看，这字体像是李晓的，昨天也是上第三节课时我批评过他。我的火一下子蹿得老高，真有[怒发冲冠]的感觉，但是转瞬间我控制住了自己，并决定改变教学内容。 (7)我面带微笑地说道:"同学们，今天，我们上说话课，题目有些同学已经知道，并替我写在了黑板上，谢谢这位同学!"尽管我竭力表现真诚，但[收效甚微]，很多学生还是一脸不安的神色。 am approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides o16 (8)我用粉笔把不太清晰的“坏”字描了一下，并添上了“老师吗,”，许多学生这才发出了善意的笑声，我____，接着说:“我，就是你们的高老师，是个坏老师吗,今天，我愿意把一个真实的我向同学们介绍一下。”我详细介绍了我的生活和工作情况，也坦诚地承认了一些弱点和缺点。由于是谈自己，由于有刚才感情的反弹，我说起来感情充沛，如行云流水一般。 (9)我说完了，教室里出现了短暂的沉静，接着爆发出一阵热烈的掌声，李晓眼中晶莹，手也拍得非常起劲。 (10)2这在我的教学生涯中是第一次，我完全陶醉了，这掌声长长地在我脑海中回响。 (11)我潇洒地在"高老师"三个字底下画上了一道横线，擦掉了“高老师”三个字，将题目改成“__是个__吗,”要求道:“请各位同学考虑一下，完善题目，并以这个题目说一段话。” (12)李晓第一个举起手，这让我颇感意外。我让他站了起来，他说:“我的题目是《李晓是那个写‘高老师是个坏’这几个字的学生吗》”。我心中一惊，a学生的眼光是多么犀利啊!他讲得非常流畅，否定了黑板上的字是他写的。尽管我心中不相信他的话，但对他的说话艺术还是赞许的。学生们又鼓起掌来，这掌声似乎比给我的更热烈。 (13)掌声一落，王娜娜举起了手，她说:“我说话的题目是‘王娜娜是个坏学生吗?’”。她承认那行字是她写的，主要是想看一下老师是否有雅量，到底有多大的雅量。她说她不是坏学生，高老师更不是坏老师。今天，她感到老师的形象更加高大了。 (14)我非常惊奇，但还是为她的活泼大胆而高兴，更为她的说话水平而高兴。全班学生的掌声又一次响了起来。我十分欣慰～ (15)b从那以后,这三次不同凡响的掌声时时回响在我的耳边。 1、 填空。 文章中的事件发生的具体时间是:_ _具体地点是:____ _。 2、 第(8)段中空缺处应填入的词语是:( ) A. 趁热打铁 B. 不失时机 C. 不假思索 D. 心平气和 3、 联系上文，加线的a句“学生的眼光是多么犀利啊!”具体指什么, 答:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,____________________________ 4、 本文段没有用到的描写手法是( )。 A. 语言描写 B. 肖像描写 C. 心理描写 D. 动作描写 5、 最能概括高老师性格特点的一项是( )。 A. 热爱学生，随机应变 B. 真诚机智 desig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, with17 C. 勇于承认缺点 D. 尊重学生的意见 6、 对文中加线句子b的理解、分析不恰当的一项是:( ) A. “时时回响”虽是虚写，但反映了“我”的真实感受。 B. 三次掌声的“不同凡响”之处主要在于一次比一次更热烈、更有意义。 C. 三次掌声的“不同凡响”之处还在于:不仅褒奖了三位说话人的口才，而且褒奖了三个人的坦诚。 D. 这句话指出三次掌声给“我”的印象之深。 7、 下面有关“我”心理活动的句子，按文中的先后顺序排列，正确的一项是:( ) ?我非常惊奇。?我完全陶醉了。?我十分欣慰～?我就感到有些蹊跷。 ?我颇感意外。?我一下子惊呆了。?我控制住了自己。 A. ??????? B. ??????? C. ??????? D. ??????? 三、《奶奶——老师》 ?偶逛商场，巧遇多年前的学生家长，她要孙女叫我“奶奶”，我说“不敢当”。家长忙说:“叫得，叫得，小丹丹的爸妈都曾是您班上的学生，他们还常想念您这位老师呢～”小丹丹听说后，随即天真地、有节奏地叫起来:“奶奶— 老师～老师—奶奶～„„”离开他们好久了，这充满稚气的童声总在耳边萦绕;小丹丹头上的蝴蝶结还在眼前闪烁，与她的苹果脸蛋相映成趣。啊，新的一代～ ?“不知明镜里，何处得秋霜,”我居然也步入“奶奶”的行列了。 ?光阴似箭，日月如梭。 ?几度风雨，几度春秋。 ?回想那些年当乡村女教师时，晚上经常与学生一道，举着火把，翻山越岭，去追寻电影放映队的足迹，他们都亲昵地叫我:“姐姐— 老师～” ?回县城学校后，课余总与学生沉浸在文娱、体育活动及劳动的欢乐之中，他们都高兴地叫我:“阿姨— 老师～” ?岁月流逝。不知不觉，少了什么，多了罗嗦，学生有时也犯嘀咕:“真是一个婆婆老师～” ?三十年来，班主任当了一届又一届，学生走了一批又一批。如今，我影集里的学 生毕业照越来越多，他们走南闯北的地方越来越远。可我还是我，依然在讲台这块平常而神奇的土地上默默耕耘。人生之路尽管有曲折，有坎坷，但更多的还是希望与欣慰。与学生朝夕相处，共度时光，竟不觉老～还是歌中唱得好:“„„也许还未感觉，我们已经走过昨天。哦， ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s18 一年又一年，哦，我们走向明天。” 1、 给这篇短文划分层次，正确的是( ) A. ?|???|???|? B. ??|?????|? C. ???|???|?? D. ??|??|???|? 2、 贯穿全文的线索是( ) A. 三十年教育生涯的回忆 B. 学生对我称呼的变化 人生之路 D. 我的C. 我的性格变化 3、 本文的记叙顺序是( ) A. 顺叙 B. 倒叙 C. 在顺叙中插叙 D. 在倒叙中插叙 4、 三十年来学生对老师的称呼的变化反映了( ) A. 亲密无间的师生关系 B. 作者热爱教育事业、默默耕耘、无私奉献的品格 C. 学生对老师的热爱，家长对老师的尊重 D. 老师的人生之路既有曲折、坎坷，又有希望、欣慰 5、 对小丹丹的外貌，可写的很多，为什么作者只写头上的蝴蝶结与她的苹果脸蛋相映成趣, 6、在第2段里，作者引用的是哪位诗人的哪首诗,略去了哪两句,为什么只引后两句而略去前两句, 7、“人生之路尽管有曲折，有坎坷，但更多的还是希望与欣慰。”这句话的深刻含义是什么, 8、与“我居然也步入‘奶奶’的行列了”相照应的是哪一句,在原文上勾画出来。 9、第8段中加点的两个“又”字和两个“越„„越„„”的句式在表情达意上有什么作用, 10、“与学生朝夕相处，共度时光，竟不觉老～”抒发了作者怎样的胸怀, 11、作者为什么要引用歌词结束全文, desig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, with19 四、 丹麦首都哥本哈根。凌晨2时15分。 当班的见习消防队员拉斯马森拿起突然铃声大作的电话，一阵微弱的喘息声传来:“我摔倒了，救命啊„„”声音像一位老夫人，在确定不是恶作剧后，拉斯马森询问道:“请把您公寓的地址告诉我～” “我„„想不起来了。” “那请把您的名字告诉我～” “我记不得了。” “请您不要把电话挂断，我们好通过电信局找到您的住处～”拉斯马森想到了电信局，他马上与电信局取得了联系。可值班人员却表示，现在人员不齐，要查清电话是从哪里打来的，根本做不到„„无计可施的拉斯马森叫醒了中尉，中尉拿起了电话:“夫人～„„夫人～能告诉我床前地毯旁边是什么吗,”“是镶木地板，老式的打蜡地板。”“天花板高吗,”“高„„我觉得很高„„”“这么说，您住的是老式房子～百叶窗关着没有,”“没关。”中尉兴奋地对拉斯马森说道:“寻找一幢窗户狭长的老式房子，房子的窗口有灯光，大约在二三层„„”中尉又对着话筒问道:“夫人，能告诉我，您住的街道的名称吗,” 然而，话筒里再没有人搭腔了。中尉知道，老太太大概昏过去了，没有把电话挂上。 时间在一分一秒地流逝着，每一秒钟每一分钟都变得漫长起来，室内挂钟的滴答声越来越响，每一次的滴答声都像小锤子般敲在几个人的心上。 一个小时过去了，老夫人仍无反应。焦灼和冷汗悄悄地爬上了几个人的面孔、心头„„拉斯马森对中尉说道:“我有个主意„„”他的主意立即被采纳。 清晨3时30分，14辆轻便消防车同时出动，开往依然沉睡着的城市的各个街区，警笛的尖啸声撕碎了夜的宁静。指挥部里拉斯马森把电话听筒紧紧地贴在一只耳朵上，把耳机扣在另一只耳朵上。整个哥本哈根城都被惊动了，家家户户灯火通明„„拉斯马森突然叫道:“中尉，我听见了～我听见警笛声了～消防车大概就在离老夫人不远的街上～”中尉用手中的对讲机命令道:“1号车，停止鸣笛～”拉斯马森对中尉说道:“我还听得见。”“2号车，停止鸣笛～3号车，停止鸣笛～„„6号车，停止鸣笛～„„12号车，停止鸣笛～”拉斯马森惊叫道:“就是这里～” “12号车，我是指挥部，就在你们那个地段，用扩音器说明一下理由，让这条街上所有的灯光都熄灭，最后亮着灯的一定是老夫人的家～” 5分钟后，12号车所在街区的窗口都黑了下来，只剩下一扇窗口还亮着。稍后，拉斯马森在电话里听到了撞破房门的声响，继而是一位消防队员的声音:“喂～指挥部吗,我们已到现 ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s20 场，老夫人昏迷了，颅骨有伤，大概是床头磕的，脉搏有轻微跳动„„” 太阳升起来的时候，消防队不断有电话打进来，询问老夫人的情况。当获悉这位72岁的老人因为救助及时，已经在医院苏醒过来时，人们纷纷表示，那个凌晨，响彻哥本哈根的消防车的尖啸声，是他们听过的所有声音中最动听的声音。 1、 本文所写的故事发生于凌晨2时15分的哥本哈根，起因是 ，经 过是 ，结果是老夫人顺利获救。(每处不得超过16字) 2、 请为本文拟一个恰当的题目。(8个字以内) 3、 从拉斯马森、中尉与老夫人的通话中，可以看出消防队员 的品质。 4、 “指挥部里拉斯马森把电话听筒紧紧地贴在一只耳朵上”一句与上文的哪句话呼应, 5、 文中画线句子为什么不直接引用中尉下达的“12号车，停止鸣笛”的命令，而是不厌其烦地从1号车说起, 6、下面两句话，写得很好。任选一句，说说好在哪里。[如两题都答，按第?题计分] ? 每一次的滴答声都像小锤子般敲在几个人的心上。 ? 警笛的尖啸声撕碎了夜的宁静。 7、对于本文叙述的故事，你有什么感受,请写在下面。(含标点60字以内) 五、 真没想到，在罗马，最吸引人的地方是废墟。 一座座倾塌的城墙，一间间残破的宫殿，一根根班驳脱榫的石梁，一个个缺手少臂的雕像，以及一条条被毁坏的不成形状的通道随处可见，或掩映在绿树丛中，或竖立在草坪之上，或横亘在街边路旁，或紧靠着新的建筑。尤其使人惊讶的是，绝大多数废墟都在罗马市区的中心，而且完好地保存在显眼醒目之处。凝视着这些废墟，我忽然发现罗马充满着一种缺憾美，一种古旧的美。是的，比起完整的建筑来，残缺的废墟更能给人以振撼，更能给人以深思，更能给人以力量，更能给人以启迪。 ?于是，我不由得惊叹和钦佩起罗马人来。?他们不愧是具有远见卓识的一族。?因为他们深深地懂得，废墟是历史的遗物和文明的见证，毁掉了废墟也就毁掉了历史和文明。?这无异于是民族精神的自杀。?只有尊重废墟，才能超越废墟，去创造新的辉煌。?正因为废墟有 ively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team appconstr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s21 着永恒的巨大的魅力，罗马也就成了全世界人都向往的地方，每天从四面八方来废墟游览的人络绎不绝、摩肩接踵。?罗马人把废墟变成了宝贝，变成了无与伦比的财富。 罗马废墟，一个千古流传之绝唱，一个万世不灭之辉煌。 1、 给文中加点的字注音。 A、倾( ) ,、亘( ) 2、 文中第?段有两个错别字，用横线在字下标出，将正确的书写在下面字格中。 3、 下面的句子是从第三段中抽出来的，它的位置应在〔 〕句和〔 〕句之间。 面对古罗马文明的废墟，他们没有用推土机去把它们推倒和铲平，也没有在废墟上去恢复和重现古罗马的壮丽辉煌，而是独具匠心地将废墟原封不动地保存起来。 4、 文中加“ ”的部分是对偶句，也叫对仗。根据其特点，删改下面一幅对联的上联，使之对仗工整。 上联:苟有恒，何必要三更才入眠五更就忙着起床 下联:最无益，莫过一日曝十日寒 改后，上联: 5、 罗马是座古城，在其历史上有许多优美传说、重大事件、著名人物，请任选一个作答(只需写出传说、事件的名称，人物的名字)。 六、《背后那双眼》 (1)那一年，我读中二。 (2)清楚地记得:当时《南洋商报》有个服务版，每周都拨出一定的版位，让读者免费刊登“征求笔友启事”。 (3)我是个终日把自己囚禁于文字的女孩——既爱读，也爱写。握在手中的那管笔，仿佛藏了千军万马，老是呼啸着想冲出来;然而，在现实生活中，我却是个木讷口拙而又孤僻离群的人，因此，以笔交友，对于社交生活一片空白的我来说，充满了一种难以抵挡的诱惑力。 (4)一日，鼓起勇气，以“漪佩”为笔名，拟了一则“征友启事”。 (5)两周过后的一个早上，才踏出房间，便听到爸爸喊道: (6)“过来。” (7)指着报上的那则征友启事，问道: construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination an22 (8)“这漪佩，是你吗,” (9)爸爸那张好像“发霉面包”的脸，使我本能地起了战栗性的惧怕，以细若蚊子的声音应道: (10)“是。” (11)接下来的那一周，信件惊人地多——不是一封一封地飞来，而是一叠一叠地涌来，信箱几乎都撑破了。 (12)爸爸坐在身边，拆信、读信，然后，成堆地用橡皮筋子捆起来，表情肃穆地嘱我拿去丢掉。我倔犟地忍着眼泪，照他的指示做„„信从十多层楼上往垃圾桶扔下去时，发出了闷闷地声音，我明显地感觉到悲哀像一阵黑黑的风，冷冷地掠过我挂了一块铁的心。 (13)以后，有很长的一段时间，这件事一直是我心里很大的一个疙瘩。它连同生命里许多快乐与不快乐的事儿深深地埋葬在我记忆的底层里。 (14)事隔30年，在接受资深记者黄丽萍小姐的访问时，爸爸忽然提起了这件尘封以久的往事，说: (15)“我怕她误交损友，所以，不让她回信。” (16)听到这话，眼前立刻浮起一个瘦小的背影。她站在垃圾桶前，把信一捆一捆地往下丢，长长的脸，满满的都是怨;细细的眼，湿湿的都是泪。可是，这女孩，没有想到，她的背后，有一双充满关怀的眼睛，如同着明灯一样，为她照亮前面的道路。 (17)等意识到背后有这样一双温暖的眼睛时，这女孩，已为人妻、为人母了;而且，她也正以同样的目光，注视着她自己的孩子哪～ 1、用一句话概括这件往事。 ___________________________________________________________ 2、 “爸爸坐在身边，拆信、读信，然后，成堆成堆地用橡皮筋子捆起来，表情肃穆地嘱我拿去丢掉。”这句话运用了什么描写,作用又是什么, 3、 爸爸是个怎样的人, 4、 第(12)段中“我倔犟地忍着眼泪，照他的指示做、、、、、、”，联系上下文，揣摩当时我的心理感受，写成一段心理描写。(50字左右) 5、 第(16)段表达了作者怎样的思想感情, constr-truction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project prehours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth constime dispatchers on duty 24 -support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-nd electricity. While spare 1site construction, electricity a-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the sively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordinationnd supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actners aout consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and own coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, withdesig roaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, anduction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team app23 6、 第(3)段可否删除,说说理由。 7、 “她的背后，有一双充满关怀的眼睛，如同照明灯一样，为她照亮前面的道路。”请你 仿写一个比喻句。 ks well. 3, in coordinations, woranges after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problemawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design chion drptimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in constructd complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides oam approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination anconstruction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction te-eet the owners project premcontacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close -fullsupport), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee 200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-ite established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for onis large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the s24