祁连山小冰期冰碛垄差分GPS测量研究及其地貌意义
摘要: 祁连山是青藏高原东北边缘巨大山脉，介于甘肃和青海两省之间。山势西高东低。高度起伏于
5000m上下，许多山峰海拔高度在5000m以上，发育着众多的现代冰川，是研究冰川地貌及其响应全球
气候变化的理想场所之一。
小冰期的概念自1939年Matthes提出来以后，就被众多的学者接受与认同，对于小冰期的气候变化特
征及机理也有众多的学者做个大量的工作，取得了一些列宝贵的成果。与祁连山地区小冰期的几次寒冷期
相对应便是大多数现代冰川前缘分布有2道或者3道近代冰碛，这为研究小冰期冰碛垄的形态特征及影响
因素提供了较好的先决条件。
小冰期冰碛垄形态特征受到众多因素的影响。笔者采用后差分GPS测量方法对祁连山东段、中段共六
条冰川的小冰期冰碛垄形态进行了实地测量与研究，其中三条冰川朝北，三条冰川朝南，得到了关于小冰
期冰碛垄有关面积、表面积、体积等较详细的参数。研究后表明祁连山小冰期冰碛垄的规模具有从东到西
52逐渐减小的趋势。规模最大的为最东段冷龙岭7号冰川小冰期冰碛垄，面积为11.4×10m,表面积为
5 27313.8×10m，体积为11.8×10 m，规模最小的为最西边的团结峰3号冰川小冰期冰碛垄，其面积为
5252731.9×10m，表面积为2.67×10m，体积为1.36×10 m。在综合分析了上述六条冰川的气候条件、岩性
等其它因素后，笔者认为就祁连山地区而言，区域气候差异很可能是造成小冰期冰碛垄规模差异的主要因
素。
Abstract: The Qilian Mountain is a great mountain which on the fringe of the North-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between Gansu and Qinghai province. The altitude of the mountain goes down from west to east. The mountains rise and fall around 5000m and many peaks are more than 5000m above sea level, which develop a large number of modern glaciers. It is one of the ideal places to research the glacier geomorphology and their response to the global climate change.
Since Matthes put forward the concept of the Little Ice Age in 1939, it was accepted and recognized by many scholars. Many researchers have done a lot of job on the characteristics and mechanisms of climate change of Little Ice Age. The leading edge of glaciers distributed two or three ranges of modern moraines in the Qilian Mountain, which correspond to the Little Ice Age cold period and provided a prerequisite to study the morphological characteristics and influencing factors.
The geomorphology characters of Little Ice Age moraine are affected by many factors. The author measured six Little Ice Age moraines in the eastern and middle section of Qilian Mountains by differential GPS. Three of them are toward north and the rest are toward south. The author got detailed parameters such as the area, surface area, volume and other parameters of Little Ice Age moraines which had been measured. Research shows that the scale of Little Ice Age moraines reduced gradually from east to west in the Qilian Mountains. The largest one is the 7th glacier Little Ice Age moraine which locates the most
5252eastern section of the Leng Long Ridge, with an area of 11.4 × 10 m, surface area of 13.8 × 10m,
73.volume of 11.8 × 10m The smallest one is the 3rd glacier Little Ice Age moraine of Tuan Jie Feng which
52locates the most western section of Qilian Mountain, with an area of 1.9 × 10m, surface area of 2.67 ×
527310m, volume of 1.36 × 10 m. As for the Qilian regions, the author reckons that the region climate difference is likely the main factor that influences the scale of Little Ice Age moraine basing on a comprehensive analysis on the climatic conditions, lithology and other factors of the above-mentioned six glaciers.
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