Appendix I
Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)
Unit 1
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.
Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.
It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the
word
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s of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying
- $6 - Appendix I
goodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.
Now let's listen to the song:
The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
Gordon Lightfoot
The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down
Or the big lake they call Gitche Gumee
Tke lake, it is said, rfever gives up her dead
When the skies or November turn gloomy
Witk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons more
Than the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed empty
That good ship and true was a hone to be chewed
When the gales of November came early
Tke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back from some mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasoned Concluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkey left fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skip's kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkey'd been feeling
Tke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale sound
And a wave broke over tke railing
And every man knew, as tke captain did too
Twas tke witck of Novemker come stealing
Tke dawn came late and the breakfast had to wait
Wken the Gales of November came slashing
When afternoon came it was freezing rain
In the face of a hurricane west wind
Appendix 1 - 6? -
When suppertime came, the old cook came on deck saying
Fellas1, it's too rough to reed ya2
At seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he said
Fellas, it's heen good to know ya
The captain wired in he had water coming in
And the good ship and crew was in peril
And later that night when his lights went out of sight
Came the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
Does any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay If they'd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters J
Lake Huron rolls, Superior sings
In the rooms of her ice'water mansion
Old Michigan steams like a young man's dreams
The islands and hays are for sportsmen
And farther helow Lake Ontario
Takes in what Lake Erie can send her
And the iron boats go as the mariners all know
With the Gales of November remembered
In a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors' Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine times
For each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald
■■.••. !
fella: (slang) fellow
ya: (slang) you
- 66 - Appendix 1
Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or the nig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, never gives up her dead When the gales or November come early
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
": ■■■■ ■■ -
Parts
Paragraphs'
' Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-2
Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two
Paras 3-11
Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three
Paras 12-20
Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four
Para 21
Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.
2.
Sections
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Section One
Paras 12-13
Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section Two
Paras 14-18
the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad
Section Three
Paras 19-20
the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance
3) stroke
5) minus
7) declarations
2) heroic 4) limp
6) regions 8) siege
Appendix I - $9
9) raw 10) retreat
11) have taken their toll 12) In the case of
13) campaign 14) at the cost of
15) has been brought to a halt
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) picking up 6) falling apart
7) cut back 8) take over
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.
Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.
4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up the
occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.
The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II. More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the
most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the
no-man's-land between the trenches.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my
words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
- 90 - Appendix I
III. Usage
But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
■
Structure
1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by
30 percent.
To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.
To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.
We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.
2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.
By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.
Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United
States at the age of four. ■
4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for
about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
2. stand in the way
4. catching... off his guard
6. declaration
8. drag on
10. die from
(A)
1. invasion
3. Conquest
5. launching
7. campaign
9. reckon with
11. bringing...to a halt
Appendix I - 91 -
(B)
1. In
2.
since
3. the
4.
and
5. it
6.
that/who
7. of/about
8.
across
9. to
10.
lost
11. to
12.
with
13. buried
14.
in
15. than
16.
between
17. from
18.
to
19. down
II. Translation
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
Part III TextB
.-
2. d 4. a
Comprehension Check
1. d
3. b
- 92 - Appendix I
Translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. boast
2.
obstacles
3. was concerned
4.
call ...off
5. paid off
6.
was pinned down
7. are contesting
8.
prior to
9. holdout
10.
objective
11. responsible for
12.
in case
13. favorable
14.
due to
15. on the eve of
16.
cancel
17. complications
18.
stiff
19. withstand
20.
absent
■
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Writing Strategy
Tick which of the following is more convincing:
It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no
hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.
√ Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:
"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."
Model Paper
Can Man Triumph over Nature?
When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.
Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of
Appendix I - 98 -
disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.
However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.
(154 words)
Unit 2
■
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
What will the world be like in five hundred years' time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head.
Here is the song:
In the Year 2525
Zager & Evans
In the year 2525
If man is still alive
If woman can survive They may find
- 9^ - Appendix I
In the year 3535
Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everything you think, do, or say Is in the pill you took today
In the year 4545
Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyes
You won't rind a thing to do
Nobody's gonna look at you
In the year 5555
Your arms are hanging limp at your sides
Your legs not nothing to do
Some machine is doing that for you
In the year 6565
Ain't gonna need no husband, won't need no wife -:
You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .too
From the bottom of a long black tube .
In the year, 7510
. If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then ;
Maybe he'll look around himself and say
Guess it's time for the Judgment Day1 .
In the year 8510
God's gonna shake his mighty head .
He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear it down and start again
In the year 9595
I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's taken everything this old earth can give And he ain't put back nothing
1 the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of God's final judgment of all people
Appendix I - 95
Now it's been 10,000 years Man has cried a billion tears For what he never knew Now man's reign is through But through the eternal night The twinkling of starlight So very far away Maybe it's only yesterday
Part II Text A
'
l
Text Organization
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-3
New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.
Part Two
Paras 4-9
With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams.
Part Three
Paras 10-13
GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.
■
Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act
They can eliminate most car accidents;
They can alert the police and provide precise location if stolen;
They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;
They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;
They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) expansion
3) vapor
2) manufacturing 4) take control of
: . j
-96-
Appendix 1
hazards
convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted
send out
result from starting up
give up
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
1) 3) 5) 7)
1)
2) 3)
4)
5)
4. 1)
6) satellite
8) magnetic
10)in the air
12)approximately
14)monotonous
2)stand up for
4)making up for
6)play up play up
8)take on take on
With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford and Harvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gam-bling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
2) 3)
Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control tech-nologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,
override the actions of the driver.
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words
Blends
kilo kilogram kilogram
Medicare
medical care
memo memorandum memorandum
email
electronic mail
gym gymnasium gymnasium
comsat
communications satellite
Appendix 1 - 9? -
lib
doc
vet
prep
auto
liberation
newscast
news broadcast
doctor
autopilot
automatic pilot
veterinarian
Eurodollar
European dollar
preparatory
brunch
breakfast lunch
automobile
telecast
television broadcast
III. Usage
1. swimming pool
3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population
2. drawing board
4. disturbing change
6. Canned foods
8. puzzling differences
Struct-ure
1
Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together from across the country.
The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped to below 2000 yuan.
In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computer or doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.
2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.
The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintain administrative discipline.
The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.
We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. alert
3. highway
5. take control of
7. decrease
9. monotonous
2. hazards
4. start up
6. lane
8. get stuck in
10. eliminate
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11. convert
(B)
l.for
3. enabled
5. decreased / reduced
7.quantities
9. worldwide
11. manufacturing 13.on/upon
15. which
17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless
12. mounted
2. way
4. farther
6. by
8. locally
10. with
12. As
14. provide
16. itself
18. and
20. continuing
II. Translation
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. F
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