机械外文翻译文献翻译流体传动1

机械外文翻译文献翻译流体传动1 机械专业中英文文献翻译 南京理工大学泰州科技学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 部: 机械 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 系 系 专 业: 机械工程及自动化 姓 名: 王琦 学 号: 05010136 外文出处: Transmission of fluid (用外文写) 附 件: 1.外文资料翻译译文,2.外文原文。 指导教师评语: 签名: 年 月 日 注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。 机械专业中英文文献翻译 附件1:外文资料翻译译文 流体传动 流体传动包括气体(压)传动和液体传动，液体传动分为液压传动、液力传动和液粘传动。液压传动基于帕卡定律，以液体的压能来传递动力;液力传动基于欧拉方程，以液体动量短的变化来传递动力;液粘传动基于牛顿内摩擦定律，以液体的粘性来传递动力。 液力传动的基本元件是液力偶合器和液力变矩器。液力偶合器的基本构件是具有若干径向平面叶片的、构成工作腔的泵轮和涡轮。液力传动油在工作腔里高速循环流动传递动力，油液随从泵轮做牵连运动的同时因受离心力作用而做离心运动，从泵轮(及输入轴)吸收机械能并转化为动量矩(mVR)增量，高速液流从泵轮冲入涡轮做向心流动释放动量矩，推动涡轮(及输出轴)旋转，带动工作机(及负载)做功。液力变矩器的基本构件是泵轮、涡轮和导轮，它们均是具有空间(弯曲)叶片的工作轮，按相关顺序排列构成工作腔。液力传动油在工作腔中被泵轮涡轮搅动，使液流获得动量矩增量，经过导轮调转液流方向后冲入涡轮，释放动量矩(动能)推动涡轮带动工作机旋转做功。 我国液力元件近年发展较快，2003年液力偶合器的全国年产量约7万台。广泛应用于带式输送机、刮板输送机、球磨机、风机、压缩机、水泵和油泵等设备的传动中，提高传动品质并节约能源。当前我国液力偶合器的最高输出转速为6500r/min，最小功率为0.3kW，最大功率为7100kW。液力偶合器的发展趋势是高转速、大功率。 国际上液力偶合器产品以德国福依特公司最为著名，据资料称已有转速达20000r/min、功率达55000kW的产品，可见我国与之尚有相当大的差距。当然，功率大的液力元件对液力传动油的要求较高。液力变矩器主要用于工程机械、石油机械和内燃机车。液力变矩器主要与内燃机匹配应用，其转速范围在2000,3000r/min。工程机械应用较多，最大功率700HP左右，年产量约7万台。石油机械应用较少，功率达1500HP。内燃机车应用更少，功率高达3000HP。 液粘传动是液体传动一门新兴学科，在我国尚处于起步阶段。由于液粘传动产品(如液粘调速离合器)与液力传动产品(如调速型液力偶合器)虽有本质上的不同， 机械专业中英文文献翻译 但由于有相似的性能和相同的用途(调速节能)，在若干技术活动(如制订 发展规划 小学教师专业发展规划教师个人发展规划三年劳动实践场所建设地理教师发展规划教师三年成长专业规划 、 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 、技术管理、订货活动等)中均被视为同一类型，与液力行业有共性，故本文另辟章节介绍其产品结构和传动用油。 一、液力传动油的性能特点及发展 液力传动油作为工作介质不仅传递动力，而且还用以润滑轴承和齿轮，同时又是滑差热的载体，带走热量。液力传动油是一个复杂而需专门研究的课题，它直接关系到液力元件的可靠性、传动效率和使用寿命。应引起人们的重视，展开广泛深入的研究。 液力传动油应能满足以下要求: 1、要有适宜的粘度 液体粘度低， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明液体内摩擦小，流动阻力损失小，可减少液力元件的液力损失;但从润滑密封角度考虑，粘度不能过低。因此应在满足润滑和密封要求前提下，尽量采用粘度低的液体，以提高液力元件传动效率。同时要求液体粘温性要好，以便在高温或低温时仍能保持有效的润滑和密封。 2、要有较大的重度由于液力元件传递的力矩和功率与工作液体的重度成正比，故液体重度越高越好 3、性能稳定 不易产生泡沫、老化和沉淀。 4、酸值要低 对密封件应是中性，有良好的相容性，不泡胀，不溶解，对金属无腐蚀作用。 5、要有较高的闪点和较低的凝点 液力元件工作时油温变化幅度很大，有时可达160?，因此要求闪点要高于180?，而凝点要低-20?，以利于低温环境下液力元件的起动。 6、要有良好的润滑性能 液体要有足够的油性，能很好的粘附在零件表面上，起到良好的润滑作用。 目前，国内外液力传动应用的工作液体种类较多，除各种石油基产品外，也有采用清水或其它难燃液体的(煤矿井下为防引燃爆炸而应用)。国内液力元件通常采用6号液力传动油(也有用8号液力传动油的)，有时以22号汽轮机油替代。 内燃机车有专用油，要求使和寿命不小于2000小时，要求新设备装油初次运行100小时和500小时之后进行第一、第二次换油，进行滤清后仍可使用。 机械专业中英文文献翻译 属下列情况之一时，需要更换新油: 含水量大于0.2%时; 在50?时的粘度比新油高出6厘沲时; 机械杂质(苯不溶物)达到0.2%时; 出现水溶性酸碱或有高的酸值时; 泡沫过多影响传动功率时。 以上各条对内燃机车专用油以外的液力传动油也有一定的参照价值。 二、国内外液力传动油的品牌对照(略) 三、液粘传动对传动油的要求 液粘传动可按运行中油腊厚度是否变化分为两大类，一类是在运行中油膜厚度始终不变的液粘传动，如硅油风扇离合器油膜厚度是固定的，运行中变化工作腔中油液充满程度以调节输出转速。另一类是运行中油膜厚度是可变的液粘传动，这类液粘传动产品包括有液粘调速离合器、液粘制动器、液粘测功机、液粘联轴器、液 粘调速装置。当前应用较多的是液粘调速离合器、液粘调速装置和硅油风扇离合器。 1、液粘调速离合器与传动油 液粘调速离合器通过其主、从动摩擦片间的若干油膜来传动动力，依靠油液的粘性主动摩擦片“拉着"从动摩擦片同方向旋转，传递力矩与油液粘度、两片间“滑差"成正比，而与油膜厚度(片间隙)成反比。主动摩擦片及输入轴与动力机相联，输入转速可视为常量。从动摩擦片及输出轴与工作机相联，输出转速随控制压力而变化，球状油缸的控制压力大，则片间油膜变薄，则输出转速升高，反之亦然。当控制压力足够大时，主、从动摩擦片粘合，变为直联传动。当控制压力足够时小，主、从动摩擦片脱离，则输出转速为零。在液粘调速离合器转速比从0?1变化过程中，片间摩擦状况呈现出液体摩擦?(机械一液体)混合摩擦?(纯机械的)边界摩擦。因此液粘调速离合器在调速过程中有分离工况、调速工况和接合工况。 工作液体在液粘传动中的作用是传递动力、冷却散热和润滑，应具有以下性能 (1)有适宜的粘度。 (2)有离好的润滑性能(油性和极压性)。 (3)有良好的氧化安定性。 (4)有较高的比热容和较高的热导率。 除上述要求外，工作液体还应具有防锈作用、抗泡沫能力、凝点要低、闪点应 机械专业中英文文献翻译 高、不易挥发、无毒等。 目前国产液粘调速离合器多采用8号液力传动油为工作液体。 当前国产液粘调速离合器有TL型和HC型，额定转速多为1500r/min，个别有 ，最大达1100kW。 3000r/min的。传递功率最小75kW 液粘调速离合器同调速型液力偶合器一样，均是在驱动电机的转速向下调节，且在低速时功率小，效率低。为此在液粘调速离合器的输入前或输出端后加装齿轮传动，以适应与动力机或与工作机的匹配，如此产生了新的装置——液粘调速装置。 2、液粘调速装置 当前生产和应用的有两类不同结构的液粘调速装置，一类是美国费城齿轮公司生产的平行轴液粘调速装置，输入转速1785r/min，输出转速5000r/min，传递功率达5200kW。我国山西安太堡煤矿的带式输送机用的是较小规格。其传动油系由美国带来。保定螺旋浆制造厂设计、生产了与之结构相似的产品。另一类是美国道奇(DODGE)公司的CST液粘调速装置，它是在圆柱齿轮——行星轮系减速器差动轮系的输出端、与输出轴(连接太阳轮)并行输出的大齿圈上装有液粘调速离合器(从动摩擦片固定)，起动时液粘调速离合器处于分离工况(空转)，逐渐加大控制压力，当其传递扭矩与输出轴承受扭矩相等时，输出轴(带负载)开始转动，继续增大控制压力直至接合工况，则输出轴承担全部动力的输出。CST液粘调速装置被称作大型带式输送机的软起动系统，在我国煤矿大型带式输送机上已有应用。CST系列产品，输入转速1483r/min，额定减速比为15.38,57.66，传递功率范围702,3115kW。CST系列产品由美国供应专用液力传动油。 3、硅油风扇离合器与工作液体 硅油风扇离合器的主、从动盘上各有若干纬向环状叶片，两者的环状叶片相互交替的插入，构成若干园环状间隙(油膜)，利用这些间隙中油膜的粘性来传递动力。工作过程中油膜厚度不变，通过改变充油量和油膜受剪切面积的大小来调速。 汽车发动机在适宜温度下才能有较高的燃油效率，过冷过热均不适宜。汽车用的硅油风扇离合器主动盘与发动机相联，从动盘与风扇相联，工作液体为粘度较大的硅油。靠感温器对冷却水箱后方气流温度的感受来控制充油量。当发动机的冷却水温度低时，则气流温度低，感温器使充油量小，油膜剪切面积小，传动力矩小，则风扇转速低，对发动机的冷却能力低。反之，当发动机冷却水温度高时，则风扇转速高，提高对发动机的冷却效果。这样可使发动经常在最适宜的温度下工作。燃 机械专业中英文文献翻译 油效率高，噪声小，延长发动机使用寿命。 硅油风扇离合器所用硅油是一种合成润滑油，并非由石油提炼得来。它是一些半有机硅的聚合物或共聚物，含有重复的硅氧单元为元机骨干，并沿着聚合链的硅原子上取代烃基，一般不含支链。为了满足规定的性能要求，可用不同的有机取代基或调整聚合物分子的大小(即改变其分子量)，以变化其粘度或获得其它性能。 硅油的物理性能取决于聚合物的分子结构，如分子量、有机基因的类型和数量、支链的位置及长短等。 在油膜厚度不变的液粘传动中使用硅油的主要原因，在于它具有高的粘度、良好的粘温性能和较强的抗剪切能力。 硅油风扇离合器可以应用在各种类型汽车上，目前我国的应用主要是吉普车、北京130型等汽车上。生产厂有北京汽车机油泵厂和长春第一汽车制造厂等单位。 机械专业中英文文献翻译 附件2:外文原文,复印件, Transmission of fluid Fluid transmission is including gas (pressure) transmission and liquid transmission, liquid transmission into liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission and fluid viscous transmission. Hydraulic transmission based on the interior market, the pressure to be able to impart impetus liquid; Hydraulic transmission based on Olla equation to the liquid changes to the short wheel drive transmission; For Newton, Viscous transmission fluid friction law, the sticky liquid to impart dynamism to. Hydraulic transmission is the basic hydraulic components and hydraulic Converter coupled device. Hydraulic coupled devices are a fundamental component of a number of radial plane leaves, a work of the pump and turbine round. Hydraulic transmission oil in the work of the cycle of high-speed mobile transmission power, oil pumps round her so involved with the campaign because centrifugal force role do centrifuge campaign from pumps round (and imported axis) and to absorb mechanical energy into moment of momentum (mVR) incremental, high-speed Minim round water from the pump to the heart to do turbine flow release moment of momentum. Promote turbine (and export axis) rotation, work-driven plane (and load) homework. Hydraulic Converter basic components are pumps round, and the turbine-round, they are a space (bending) leaves work round by the work of a relevant order. Hydraulic transmission oil pumps were working round the turbine mix for incremental Ye Liu was moment of momentum, after transfer-round water turbine Minim direction after the release of moment of momentum (kinetic energy) to promote the work of the turbine-driven rotary rush. My hydraulic components in the development of faster, 2003 hydraulic coupled devices produced about 70,000 National Taiwan. Widely used for belt conveyor, rail carriers, ball mill, air-compressors, compressors, pumps and fuel pumps, and other equipment, transmission, improve transmission quality and energy conservation. My hydraulic coupled with the current maximum output rotational speed for 6500r/min, minimum power to 0.3kW, the maximum power to 7100kW. Hydraulic trend is coupled with a high rotational speed and power. International hydraulic coupled device products to the most famous German Fuk under special company, according to information that has reached 20000r/min rotational speed and power to 55000kW products, which are still visible in considerable gap. Of course, the power of the big oil hydraulic components for hydraulic transmission requirements higher. Hydraulic Converter is mainly for engineering machinery, machinery and diesel oil. Hydraulic Converter is main internal combustion engine with 机械专业中英文文献翻译 matching applications, the scope of its rotational speed in 2000~3000r/min. Mechanical engineering applications more, the greatest power 700HP about output about 70,000 Taiwan. Oil machinery applications less power to 1500HP. Diesel applications less power up 3000HP. viscous transmission fluid is a liquid transmission doors emerging disciplines in the country are still at an infancy stage. Because liquid Viscous transmission products (such as fluid mechanics using Viscous) and hydraulic transmission products (such as governor-hydraulic coupled device) Notwithstanding the different nature, but because of similar performance and the same purposes (governor energy), in a number of technical activities (such as the formulation of development plans, standards, technology management, orders, and other activities) are regarded as the same type, with the hydraulic industry commonalities, it is another chapter on the work of its product mix and transmission oil. First, the performance characteristics of the oil and hydraulic transmission hydraulic transmission oil development not only as a transmission medium for work, but also to provide lubrication bearings and gear while the carrier is further bad fever, heat away. Hydraulic transmission oil is a complex and requires specialized research topics, which is directly related to the reliability of hydraulic components, transmission efficiency and service life. Should arouse the attention of extensive in-depth study. Hydraulic transmission oil should meet the following requirements : 1、A suitable low-viscosity liquid viscosity, liquid indicate friction within small, mobile resistance small loss may reduce hydraulic components hydraulic losses; But lubricant sealed perspective, the viscosity can not be too low. Provide lubrication and therefore should meet the requirements of sealed premise as a low-viscosity liquid to improve hydraulic components transmission efficiency. Xing Viscous also called liquid than for the high-temperature or low-temperature, and still maintain an effective lubricant sealed. 2、A greater emphasis on the hydraulic components for the moment and the power transmission and liquid working for the re-direct, it is liquid-degrees the higher the better. 3、 The performance can have a stable bubble, aging and sedimentation. 4、 Acid number sealed pieces to be neutral to low, and a good compatibility, not dwell inflation, not dissolved, the non-corrosive metal. 5、A higher flash point and lower congeal point hydraulic components work oil temperature change significantly, sometimes up to 160 degrees, and therefore require 机械专业中英文文献翻译 flash point higher than 180 degrees, and congeal point lower than -20 degrees, low-temperature environment for the benefit of the start-up of hydraulic components. 6、A good lubricant performance liquid sufficient greasiness to the good parts in the surface material, a good lubricant. At present, and hydraulic transmission applications work more liquid types, among all oil-based products, has used the water or other liquid Nan ran (coal mine explosion and fire in defense applications). Domestic hydraulic components commonly used 6th hydraulic transmission oil (also useful 8th hydraulic transmission oil), and sometimes to 22 turbine fuel substitution. Diesel oil is dedicated to the life of not less than 2,000 hours and for the initial operation of new equipment installed oil after 100 hours and 500 hours of the first, second formula, can still be used after the filter. Is one of the following situations, the need to replace the new oil : Water content greater than 0.2%; 50 degrees in the new oil viscosity higher than 6% mounted; Mechanical impurities (benzene non-fusible objects) to reach 0.2%; A high lipid intake or Acid number; Excessive bubble effects transmission power. More articles on the diesel-hydraulic transmission oil outside the oil will definitely reference value. Second, Transmission and hydraulic oil brands in (slightly) Third, Fluid Viscous transmission of the oil transmission fluid requirements may Viscous Tien National Petroleum Corporation December thickness operational changes are divided into two categories: one category is in operation slick thickness constant fluid Viscous transmission, such as silicone oil slick thickness using fans is fixed, changes in the operational work of the degree to which oil-exporting rotational speed. Another operation is slick thickness is variable fluid Viscous transmission, such fluid Viscous transmission products including fluid mechanics using, liquid Viscous brakes, fluids Viscous dynamometer, fluid Viscous shaft coupling, fluid mechanics Viscous devices. Current applications are more fluid mechanics using Viscous, fluid mechanics devices and silicone oil Viscous fans Clutch. 1、 Fluid mechanics using Viscous and transmission oil fluid mechanics using Viscous through its owners, driven friction between the film to a number of oil transmission power, relying on the apparent effectiveness initiative friction films "draw" driven friction with the direction of rotation films, transmission moment with oil viscosity, two films - "goes bad" proportional, and with oil thickness (films gap) negatively. Initiative friction films and imported axle and power machine linked to the importation of rotational speed as constants. Driven friction films and the work 机械专业中英文文献翻译 associated with the export of axle, and the output rotational speed with control pressure changes, spherical tank pressure control, a slick film thinning, export rotational speed rise, and vice versa. When the control pressure is enough, the owners, driven friction films together into the transmission is straight. When sufficient pressure control small owners, driven films from friction, zero export rotational speed. Viscous in fluid mechanics are using rotational speed than 0>1 change from the process of film-friction conditions showing a liquid friction "(a mechanical liquid) mixed friction" (purely mechanical) border friction. Therefore fluid mechanics using Viscous are in the process of separation-state governor, the state governor and the state face. Work in fluid liquid is the role of transmission Viscous transmission power, heat dissipation and cooling lubricant should have the following functions: (1) the appropriate viscosity. (2) the good lubricant performance (greasiness and very pressurized nature). (3) a good oxidation insecurities. (4) Higher than the thermal capacity and higher heat conductivity. In addition to the above requirements, but also work with rustproof liquid role, anti-bubble capacity, congeal points lower, flash point should be high, not volatile, non-toxic. Viscous currently made in China fluid mechanics using more oil as a hydraulic transmission work on the 8th of liquid. The domestic fluid mechanics using a TL - Viscous and HC type rated rotational speed mostly 1500r/min, individual 3000r/min. 75kW power transmission smallest, the largest of 1100kW. Fluid mechanics starts with the mechanics of hydraulic Viscous coupled devices, are in the rotational speed electrical driven downward in the low-speed, power and small, inefficient. To this end in fluid mechanics using input Viscous before or after the installation of vertical transmission-export, or to meet with the power machine and the matching machine work, so a new device -- liquid viscous governor devices. 2、Fluid mechanics devices Viscous current production and application of two different structures liquid Viscous governor devices, a category is the U.S. Philadelphia drove parallel axle fluid production company Viscous governor devices into rotational speed 1785r/min exporting rotational speed 5000r/min, transmitting power to 5200kW. My Shanxi antaibao coal mine is in the smaller belt conveyor specifications. Oil is brought by the United States of its transmission. Baoding propeller factory design, produce with structurally similar products. Another is the United States Dodge (Dodge) companies CST fluid mechanics devices Viscous, it is in Park pillar gear -- planetary reducer round of the robustness of the export-round, and export axis (connecting the Sun round), in parallel with export large gear ring fluid mechanics using Viscous (driven friction films fixed), start-up liquid separation Viscous governor in the 机械专业中英文文献翻译 state starts (idling), gradually increasing pressure control, when his transmission torque and the torque equivalent output bearings, export axle (with load) started turning and continue to increase the pressure until the joint control of the situation, the export axle assume full power output. CST fluid mechanics device known as viscous large belt conveyor soft start system in the country's major coal belt conveyor already applied. CST series products, the importation of rotational speed 1483r/min, rated slowdown than to 15.38~57.66, transmitting power scope 702~3115kW. CST series of products supplied by the United States dedicated hydraulic transmission oil. 3、 Silicone oil producing fans with liquid silicone oil work of the fan clutch, driven plate with a 78-98 derby leaves, the two derby leaves mutual alternate inserted, a number Park derby gap (oil), use these links, the sticky oil to impart momentum. The process of routing thickness unchanged through changes oil charge volume and the size of the area to exploration by sheared governor. Engine in the appropriate temperature can be higher fuel efficiency, overheating is not too cold. Automotive firm to offer fans of silicone oil and engine linked driven sites linked with the fans, for liquid silicone oil viscosity larger. On temperature devices for cooling water to control the rear airflow temperature feel oil charge volume. When the engine cooling water temperature low, the air currents temperature low temperature equipment made oil charge small amount of oil sheared small size, transmission moment small, low rotational speed fans for the engine cooling capacity low. Conversely, when the engine cooling water temperature is high, the fans rotational speed is high, awareness of the engine cooling effect. This will allow a regular in the most appropriate temperature. Fuel efficiency, noise small, extended engine life. Silicone oil used silicone oil is a fan using synthetic lubricants, not petroleum refining come from. It is the semi-organic silicon polymers or copolymer, containing duplicate silicon modules for oxygen machine backbone, and the silicon atoms along the chain, replace clustering hydrocarbon radical, the general chain-guns. To meet the prescribed performance requirements, availability of different organic polymers to replace the base elements or the size of the adjustment (that is, to change its molecular weight), to change its viscosity or acquire other properties. Silicone oil depends on the physical properties of polymer molecular structure, such as molecular weight, organic genetic types and quantity, location and length of extension chain. In the liquid oil thickness constant use silicone oil Viscous transmission of the main reasons is that it has a high viscosity, good performance and strong resistance Viscous Temperature sheared capacity. 机械专业中英文文献翻译 Silicone oil can be used in all types of vehicles using fans, currently our applications are mainly jeeps, and other vehicles Beijing 130. Motor oil production plant with Beijing and Changchun First Automobile Works pump factory units.