英语写作论证例子

英语写作论证例子 科技发展对人类的影响： The place of technology in modern society is a subject of continuing controversy. Key issue includes not only the impact of technology on quotidian life but also the need to control the development and uses of technological innovations so that they benefit all aspects of community. : Many technological developments during the last century have helped reduce human suffering. Consider, for instance, technology that enables computers to map Earth’s geographical features from outer space. This technology allows us to locate lands that can be cultivated for feeding malnourished people in third-world countries. And, few would disagree that humanity is the beneficiary of the myriad of 20th century innovations in medicine and medical technology—from prostheses and organ transplants to vaccines and lasers. 20th century technological innovation has enhanced the overall standard of comfort level of developed nations. The advent of steel production and assembly-line manufacturing created countless jobs, stimulated economic growth, and supplied a plethora of innovative conveniences. More recently, computers have helped free up out time by performing repetitive tasks: have aided in in the design of safer and more attractive bridges, buildings, and vehicles; and have made possible universal access to information. : For every new technological breakthrough that helps reduce human suffering is another that serves primarily to add to that suffering. For example, while some might argue that physics researchers who harnessed the power of the atom have provided us with an alternative source of energy and invaluable “peace-keepers”, this argument flies in the face of hundreds of thousands of innocent people murdered and maimed by atomic blasts, and by nuclear meltdowns. And in fulfilling the promise of “better living through chemistry” research has given us chemical weapons for human slaughter. In short, so-called “advance” that scientific research has brought about often amount to net losses for humanity. Technological development has already brought about environmental problems. Many things these days cause pollution such as cars, air conditioners, refrigerators, factories, etc. All these things together can cause a pollution problem in the society today. Refrigerators and air conditioners are a problem to the zone because of the liquid called Freon--when these liquids are released from damaging the machine, it releases a gas that breaks down the zone layers. In addition, cars also can cause a lot of pollution because of the carbon monoxide it produces. This would cause the air to be bad, cause global warming, and would also cause acid rain. 哥白尼日心说：(opposite to “Earth-centric Theory”) Copernicus' theory of heliocentricism is sure to be a great achievement in astronomy, however, his great discovery contradicted the traditional and in-powered theological canon which dictated geocentricism , his book was censored and prohibited from the general public, it was not until several years 利用点：兴趣爱好与成功；质疑权威社会才会前进和发展；真理一开始都是令人难以容忍的，published in other countries did Copernicus first express his ideas to populace. 或者至少是令人不快的，而且都是在反对当时的权威思想。 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome--SARS 肺炎：pneumonia 流行病：epidemic 利用点：政治家的修养和道德，政府和人民，科技和医学，人类发展，科研资料共享与研究 互动，还有合作。。。太多了 阿基米德Archimedes Greek mathematician, engineer, and physicist. Among the most important intellectual figures of antiquity, he discovered formulas for the area and volume of various geometric figures, applied geometry to hydrostatics and mechanics, devised numerous ingenious mechanisms, such as the Archimedean screw, and discovered the principle of buoyancy. 利用点：通才与专才，从小的兴趣影响，科学的偶然发现 When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world's No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world. 利用点：自学成才 As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filled with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping atones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled onto the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions which were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb. We can learn from the experience of these predecessors that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works. 利用点：失败是成功之母 The so-called “Star War” defense initiative, championed by Reagan administration during the 1980s. In retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars; and few would dispute that exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative could have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems of the day. As it turns out, at the end of the Star War’s debacle we were left with rampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budget deficit. Canada’s film industry, which is heavily subsidized by Canadian government, and which provides countless jobs for film-industry workers as a result. The Canadian government also provides various incentives for American production companies to film and produce their movies in Canada. These incentives have sparked a boon for the Canadian economy, thereby stimulating job growth and wealth that can be applied toward education, job training, and social programs. “” A new so-called “string” theory posits the existence of an even more fundamental, and universal, unit of matter. These discoveries have rendered things more comprehensible, by explaining and reconciling empirical observations of how matter behaves. It also reconciles the discrepancy between the quantum and wave theories of physics. “” 正面：One such need involves our common experience as humans that we freely make our own decisions and choices in life and therefore carry some responsibility for their consequences. Faced with infinite choices, we experience uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in retrospect our choices turn out to be poor ones. Understandably, to prevent these bad feelings many people try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves—by relying on the starts or on a stack of tarot cards for guidance. 负面：Without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas, and even delusions. On a personal level, stubborn adherence to irrational beliefs in the face of reason and empirical evidence can lead to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred. On a societal level these traits have lead all too often to holly wars, and to such other atrocities as genocide and mass persecution. 商业：Admittedly, the everyday machinations of business are very such about meeting short-term goals. Yet underpinning these activities is the vision of the company’s CEO-a vision that might extend far beyond mere profit maximization to the ways in which the firm can make a lasting and meaningful contribution to the community, to the broader economy, and to the society as a whole. Without a dream or vision—that is, without strong idealist leadership—a firm can easily be cast about in the sea of commerce without clear direction. 政治：It is idealist—not pragmatists—who sway the masses, incite revolutions, and make political ideology reality. Consider idealists such as America’s founders, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King. Few would disagree that through their ability to inspire others and lift the human spirit they were eminently effective in leading others to effect social change through civil disobedience. Had these idealists concerned themselves with shot-term survival and immediate needs rather than with their notions of an ideal society, the United States and India might still be British colonies, and African Americans might still be relegated to the backs of buses. Advances in biotechnology can help cure and prevent diseases; advances in medical technology can allow for safer, less invasive diagnosis and treatment; advances in genetics can help prevent birth defects; advances in engineering and chemistry can improve the structural integrity of our buildings, roads, bridges, and vehicles; information technology enables education while communication technology facilitates global participation in the democratic process. The Soviet government’s attempts during the 1920s to not only control the direction and the goals of its scientists’ research but also to distort the outcome of that research—ostensibly for the greatest good of the greatest number of people. During 1920s, the Soviet government quashed certain areas of scientific inquiry, destroyed entire research facilities to the state’s authority. Not surprisingly, during this time period no significant scientific advances occurred under the auspices of the Soviet government. Theses sorts of problems are the ones that spring the failings and foibles that are part-and-parcel of human nature. Our problems involving interpersonal relationships with people of the opposite sex stem from basic differences between the two sexes. The social problems of prejudice and discrimination know no chronological bounds because it is our nature to fear and mistrust people who are different from us. War and crime stem from the male aggressive instinct and innate desire for power. We have never been able to solve social problems such as homelessness and hunger because we are driven by self-interest.