[优质文档]自考英语二 教材一

[优质文档]自考英语二 教材一 讲义一 Text,,,,,A What,,,,,Is,,,,,a,,,,,Decision,,,,,, I.课文内容简介 决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。 段落大意:课文分成三部分 第一、二段:决策的定义,,,,,The,,,,,definition,,,,,of,,,,,decision 第三、四段:作决策的一般过程,,,,,The,,,,,general,,,,,process,,,,,of,,,,,making,,,,,a,,,,,decision 第五至九段:在管理层次上，多种因素影响决策的制 定,,,,,Various,,,,,factors,,,,,influencing,,,,,decision,,,,,making,,,,,at,,,,,the,,,,,managerial,,,,,level II.New,,,,,Words organizational,,,,,a.,,,,,组织上的 goal,,,,,n.,,,,,目的，目标 objective,,,,,n./a.,,,,,目标，目的/客观的，真实的 accomplish,,,,,vt.,,,,,完成(任务等) predict,,,,,vt./vi.,,,,,预言;预示 accompany,,,,,vt.,,,,,伴随，陪同 implement,,,,,vt.,,,,,实现;完成 constraint,,,,,n.,,,,,强制;强制因素 precedent,,,,,n.,,,,,先例，前例 simplify,,,,,vt.,,,,,简化 tendency,,,,,n.,,,,,趋势，倾向 managerial,,,,,a.,,,,,经理的，管理人的 maker,,,,,n.,,,,,制造者;制造商 achievement,,,,,n.,,,,,完成，达到 attain,,,,,vt.,,,,,达到;完成 optimal,,,,,a.,,,,,最适宜的，最理想的 suboptimization,,,,,n.,,,,,局部最优化 trade-off,,,,,n.,,,,,权衡;物物交换 argue,,,,,vt./vi.,,,,,争辩，争论 budget,,,,,n./vt.,,,,,预算 scheme,,,,,n./vt.把„,,,,,编入预算 define,,,,,vt.,,,,,解释，给„下定义 multiple,,,,,a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数 profitability,,,,,n.,,,,,赚钱，获利 correctness,,,,,n.,,,,,正确，正确性 unintended,,,,,a.,,,,,非 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 中的，非故意的 ongoing,,,,,a.,,,,,进行中的，非故意的 entity,,,,,n.,,,,,存在，实体 skilled,,,,,a.,,,,,熟练的;有技能的 in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,挡路、碍事 to,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,猜测 and,,,,,the,,,,,like,,,,,等等，诸如此类 to,,,,,seek,,,,,to,,,,,追求，争取 in,,,,,part,,,,,部分地，在某种程度上 point,,,,,of,,,,,view,,,,,观点 词汇精讲 1.goal,,,,,n.,,,,,目标，进球，球门,,,,,(,,,,,同义词:aim,,,,,，end,,,,,，,,,,,purpose，objective) Her,,,,,goal,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,place,,,,,at,,,,,university,,,,,.,,,,,她的目标是在大学任教。 2.objective,,,,,:,,,,,n./a.,,,,,目的;目标(尤指较长远的目标);宗旨/客观的，如实的 派生词:object,,,,,n.,,,,,物体 反义词:subjective,,,,,n./a.,,,,,主语;主观事物;/,,,,,主观的， 用法:,,,,,Her,,,,,objective,,,,,is,,,,,to,,,,,get,,,,,a,,,,,college,,,,,education.,,,,,她的目标是接受大学教育。 If,,,,,you,,,,,don't,,,,,work,,,,,hard，,,,,,you'll,,,,,never,,,,,achieve,,,,,your,,,,,objectives. 假如你不努力工作，你将永远达不到目的。Achieve 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示较难达到的目标。 It,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,objective,,,,,report.,,,,,这是一篇如实的报道。 3.accomplish,,,,,v.,,,,,完成(任务)等 The,,,,,students,,,,,accomplished,,,,,the,,,,,task,,,,,in,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,ten,,,,,minutes,,,,,. 学生们在不到10分钟内完成了任务。 4.predict,,,,,:,,,,,v,,,,,预言，预示，,,,,,预告 同义词:forecast,,,,,v.,,,,,预测，预报 It's,,,,,hard,,,,,to,,,,,predict,,,,,when,,,,,it,,,,,will,,,,,happen,,,,,.,,,,,很难预见这件事何时发生。 5.accompany,,,,,:,,,,,v.,,,,,伴随，陪同 The,,,,,lonely,,,,,old,,,,,man,,,,,is,,,,,accompanied,,,,,by,,,,,his,,,,,dog.,,,,,这位孤独的老人让他的狗做伴。 All,,,,,orders,,,,,must,,,,,be,,,,,accompanied,,,,,with,,,,,cash.,,,,,所有的订货单必须随付现金。 派生词:,,,,,company,,,,,n.,,,,,公司;,,,,,v.,,,,,陪伴 6.implement,,,,,v.,,,,,实现，实施，履行(诺言)等 The,,,,,committee's,,,,,suggestions,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,implemented,,,,,immediately. 委员会的意见将立即贯彻执行。 The,,,,,changes,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,national,,,,,health,,,,,system,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,implemented,,,,,next,,,,,ye ar. 对全国医疗体系的改革将在明年进行。 7.constraint,,,,,n.,,,,,限制，,,,,,约束 They,,,,,told,,,,,the,,,,,truth,,,,,but,,,,,only,,,,,under,,,,,constraint.,,,,,Constraint,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,rules,,,,,of,,,,,grammer 他们说了实话但是有所保留(是被迫的)。,,,,,语法规则的限制(约束) 8.tendency,,,,,:,,,,,n.,,,,,趋势，倾向 There,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,growing,,,,,tendency,,,,,for,,,,,people,,,,,to,,,,,work,,,,,at,,,,,home,,,,,instead,,,,,of,,,,,in,,,,,offices. 人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。 派生词:tend,,,,,v.,,,,,趋向，倾向,,,,,用法:tend,,,,,to,,,,,do,,,,,sth. He,,,,,tends,,,,,to,,,,,get,,,,,angry,,,,,when,,,,,people,,,,,disagree,,,,,with,,,,,him,,,,,. 当人们不同意他的意见时，他很容易生气。 9.achievement,,,,,n.,,,,,完成，成就， An,,,,,Olympic,,,,,silver,,,,,medal,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,remarkable,,,,,achievement,,,,,for,,,,,one,,,,,so,,,,,youn g,,,,,. 对一个如此年轻的人来说，获得奥运会银牌是个了不起的成就。 派生词:achieve,,,,,v.,,,,,完成，做到，达到(目的)，实现，获得 He,,,,,will,,,,,never,,,,,achieve,,,,,his,,,,,objectives,,,,,if,,,,,he,,,,,doesn't,,,,,work,,,,,hard,,,,,. 如果他不努力，将会永远达不到目的。 10.attain,,,,,:,,,,,v.,,,,,达到;获得,,,,,(长期努力后而获得)同义词:obtain，,,,,,get 用法:,,,,,She,,,,,has,,,,,made,,,,,up,,,,,her,,,,,mind,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,her,,,,,goal,,,,,in,,,,,life.,,,,,她下定决心要达到生活中的目标。 The,,,,,apple,,,,,tree,,,,,has,,,,,attained,,,,,to,,,,,a,,,,,great,,,,,height.,,,,,苹果树已长得很高了。 11.optimal,,,,,adj,,,,,最佳的 The,,,,,sailors,,,,,are,,,,,waiting,,,,,for,,,,,optimal,,,,,weather,,,,,conditions,,,,,before,,,,,taking,,,,,off,,,,,.船员们正在等待出航的最佳天气条件。 12.argue,,,,,:,,,,,vt./vi.,,,,,争辩，争论，辩论 用法: 作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with，,,,,,about,,,,,或over(就„争论)，for,,,,,(赞成) 或against,,,,,(反对) She,,,,,is,,,,,always,,,,,ready,,,,,to,,,,,argue,,,,,over,,,,,the,,,,,smallest,,,,,issues.,,,,,她总喜欢为极 小的问题进行争论。 He,,,,,often,,,,,argues,,,,,philosophy,,,,,with,,,,,James.,,,,,他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。 He,,,,,argued,,,,,for,,,,,immediate,,,,,action,,,,,.,,,,,他主张立即行动。 They,,,,,argued,,,,,against,,,,,such,,,,,a,,,,,policy.,,,,,他们反对这种政策。 作及物动词时，表示“说服、用辩论证明”的意思 I,,,,,argued,,,,,him,,,,,out,,,,,going,,,,,on,,,,,such,,,,,a,,,,,dangerous,,,,,journey.,,,,,我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。 He,,,,,argued,,,,,that,,,,,man,,,,,was,,,,,descended,,,,,from,,,,,apes.,,,,,他论证人类的祖先是猿。 13.scheme,,,,,n,,,,,计划,,,,, 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 He,,,,,has,,,,,got,,,,,a,,,,,crazy,,,,,scheme,,,,,for,,,,,getting,,,,,rich,,,,,before,,,,,he,,,,,is,,,,,20,,,,,. 他制定了一个在20岁之前发财的疯狂计划。 14.multiple,,,,,adj,,,,,多样的,,,,,复合的 What,,,,,the,,,,,person,,,,,does,,,,,next,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,result,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,multiple,,,,,influences,,,,,to,, ,,,which,,,,,they,,,,,have,,,,,been,,,,,exposed,,,,,. 一个人下一步会做什么是他受到的多种影响的结果。 15.ongoing,,,,,adj,,,,,进行中的，前进的 No,,,,,agreement,,,,,has,,,,,yet,,,,,been,,,,,reached,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,negotiations,,,,,one,,,,,still,,,,,ongoi ng,,,,,. 目前还没有达成任何 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ，谈判仍在进行。 16.entity,,,,,n,,,,,存在,,,,,实体 He,,,,,regarded,,,,,the,,,,,north,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,country,,,,,as,,,,,a,,,,,separate,,,,,cultural,,,,,entity,,,,,. 他把这个国家的北方看成一个单独的文化实体。 17.skilled,,,,,adj,,,,,熟练的，有技能的 My,,,,,mother,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,skilled,,,,,at,,,,,/in,,,,,dress-making,,,,,. 我母亲非常擅长做衣服。 Phrases,,,,,and,,,,,Expressions 1.(stand，,,,,,get，,,,,,be,,,,,),,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,碍事,,,,,，挡道的;妨碍人的 If,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,not,,,,,going,,,,,to,,,,,help，,,,,,at,,,,,least,,,,,don't,,,,,get,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way～,,,,,如果你不愿帮忙，至少别妨碍人家。 The,,,,,chair,,,,,is,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way，,,,,,please,,,,,move,,,,,it,,,,,away.,,,,,这把椅子挡着路，请把它移开。 相关短语: in,,,,,a,,,,,way,,,,,在某种程度上;在某些方面;,,,,,从某一点上看 in,,,,,no,,,,,way,,,,,决不;一点也不; in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,按照;,,,,,就„。,,,,,而言 by,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,取道，经由 by,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,顺便问一下 2.to,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,猜测 You,,,,,might,,,,,have,,,,,been,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,who,,,,,she,,,,,was.,,,,, 你本来能够猜到她是谁。 Can,,,,,you,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,the,,,,,price,,,,,,,,,,,你猜得出价钱吗, 3.to,,,,,seek,,,,,to(inf),,,,,寻求，争取 Power,,,,,stations,,,,,are,,,,,seeking,,,,,to,,,,,reduce,,,,,their,,,,,use,,,,,of,,,,,oil,,,,,. 发电站正在设法减少石油的使用 4.in,,,,,part,,,,,:,,,,,部分地;有些部分;在某种程度上 This,,,,,was,,,,,in,,,,,part,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,financial,,,,,difficulties.,,,,,部分是由于财政困难。 The,,,,,responsibility,,,,,was,,,,,in,,,,,part,,,,,because,,,,,of,,,,,me.,,,,,部分责任在我。 5.point,,,,,of,,,,,view,,,,,视点，视角 The,,,,,book,,,,,looks,,,,,at,,,,,college,,,,,life,,,,,from,,,,,a,,,,,student's,,,,,point,,,,,of,,,,,view. 这本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 从一个学生的视角来看大学生活。 6.to,,,,,vary,,,,,from,,,,,„to,,,,,„,,,,,从„到„不同，因„,,,,,而异 Salary,,,,,scales,,,,,vary,,,,,from,,,,,state,,,,,to,,,,,state. 工资级别因州而异。 7.contribute,,,,,„,,,,,to,,,,,把„,,,,,贡献给„。 We'll,,,,,contribute,,,,,ourselves,,,,,to,,,,,this,,,,,career,,,,,after,,,,,we,,,,,graduate,,,,,.,,,,,我们毕 业后将为此事业作贡献。 contribute,,,,,to,,,,,导致 Smoking,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,factor,,,,,contributing,,,,,to,,,,,lung,,,,,cancer.,,,,,吸烟是导致肺 癌的主要因素。 8.be,,,,,beneficial,,,,,to,,,,,对„,,,,,有利 Jogging,,,,,is,,,,,beneficial,,,,,to,,,,,our,,,,,health.,,,,,慢跑有利于我们的健康。 Reciting,,,,,passages,,,,,is,,,,,beneficial,,,,,to,,,,,improving,,,,,oral,,,,,English. 朗读(背诵)短文段落对提高英语口语有利。 III.课文精讲 第一部分 Para.1 A,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,choice,,,,,made,,,,,from,,,,,among,,,,,alternative,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,, ,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,available.,,,,,The,,,,,purpose,,,,,of,,,,,making,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,to,,,,,establish,,,, ,and,,,,,achieve,,,,,organizational,,,,,goals,,,,,and,,,,,objectives.,,,,,The,,,,,reason,,,,,for,,,,,making,,,,,a ,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,problem,,,,,exists，,,,,,goals,,,,,or,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,wrong，,,,,, or,,,,,something,,,,,is,,,,,standing,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,accomplishing,,,,,them. 1.made,,,,,from,,,,,among,,,,,alternative,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,,,,,是过去分词短语作定语 courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,,,,,行动方针 that,,,,,are,,,,,available,,,,,是定语从句，修饰概念短语“行动方针” 2.The,,,,,reason,,,,,for,,,,,making,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,problem,,,,,exists，,,,,,goals,,,,, or,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,wrong，,,,,,or,,,,,something,,,,,is,,,,,standing,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,accomplishing,,,,,them. 此句是由that引导的表语从句，表语从句由 a,,,,,problem,,,,,exist;,,,,,goals,,,,,of,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,wrong; 及something,,,,,is,,,,,standing,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,accomplishing,,,,,them三个并列句 构成。 The,,,,,reason,,,,,for,,,,,„,,,,,is,,,,,that,,,,,是一个常用的句子。 例:,,,,,The,,,,,reason,,,,,for,,,,,canceling,,,,,the,,,,,travel,,,,,is,,,,,that they,,,,,lack,,,,,of,,,,,money.,,,,,取消旅行的原因是他们手头缺钱。 The,,,,,reason,,,,,why,,,,,„,,,,,是另外一个常用的句子。例: There,,,,,are,,,,,3,,,,,reasons,,,,,why,,,,,they,,,,,are,,,,,unwilling,,,,,to,,,,,discuss,,,,,insurance,,,,,.他们 不愿意谈论保险的原因有三个。 Para.2 Thus,,,,,the,,,,,decision-making,,,,,process,,,,,is,,,,,fundamental,,,,,to,,,,,management.,,,,,Almost,,,,,everything,,,,,a,,,,,manager,,,,,does,,,,,involves,,,,,decisions，,,,,,indeed，,,,,,some,,,,,suggest,,,,,that, ,,,,the,,,,,management,,,,,process,,,,,is,,,,,decision,,,,,making.,,,,,Although,,,,,managers,,,,,cannot,,,,,predict,,,,,the,,,,,future，,,,,,many,,,,,of,,,,,their,,,,,decisions,,,,,require,,,,,that,,,,,they,,,,,consider,,,,,possible,,,,,future,,,,,events.,,,,,Often,,,,,managers,,,,,must,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,what,, ,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,and,,,,,try,,,,,to,,,,,leave,,,,,as,,,,,little,,,,,as,,,,,possible,,,,,to,,,,,chance ，,,,,,but,,,,,since,,,,,uncertainty,,,,,is,,,,,always,,,,,there，,,,,,risk,,,,,accompanies,,,,,decisions.,,,,,So metimes,,,,,the,,,,,consequences,,,,,of,,,,,a,,,,,poor,,,,,decision,,,,,are,,,,,slight;,,,,,at,,,,,other,,,,,time s,,,,,they,,,,,are,,,,,serious. 3.a,,,,,manager,,,,,does是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything 当先行词为everything，,,,,,something，,,,,,anything，,,,,,nothing等不定代词时定语从句 引导词不可用which，,,,,,此句的后半部分,,,,,some,,,,,suggest,,,,,that,,,,,„„,,,,,是宾语从句 suggest,,,,,v.,,,,,认为，提出，建议(其后的宾语从句多用于虚拟语气) 4.although,,,,,conj.“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句 例如:Although,,,,,my,,,,,car,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,old，it,,,,,still,,,,,runs,,,,,very,,,,,well,,,,,. 虽然我的汽车很旧，但是仍然跑得很好。 require,,,,,vt.,,,,,要求，需要,,,,,后边由that引导一个宾语从句 5.Often,,,,,managers,,,,,must,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,what,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be,, ,,,and,,,,,try,,,,,to,,,,,leave,,,,,as,,,,,little,,,,,as,,,,,possible,,,,,to,,,,,chance，,,,,,but,,,,,since,,,,,uncertain ty,,,,,is,,,,,always,,,,,there，,,,,,risk,,,,,accompanies,,,,,decisions. make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,作出最佳猜测，at,,,,,表示动作或行为的方向和目标，如: look,,,,,at,,,,,(看),,,,,，aim,,,,,at,,,,,(瞄准，目的是)，throw,,,,,(a,,,,,stone),,,,,at,,,,,(向„掷 石头)，shoot,,,,,at,,,,,(射击)，laugh,,,,,at,,,,,(嘲笑) 本句中what,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,是一个介词宾语从句，(作介词at,,,,,的宾语); to,,,,,leave,,,,,sth.,,,,,to,,,,,chance,,,,,“凭运气，听任命运的安排，听其自然发展” “as,,,,,+,,,,,形容词(或副词)+,,,,,as,,,,,possible”意思是“尽可能地„;,,,,,尽量”。 as,,,,,little,,,,,as,,,,,possible,,,,,尽可能少 I,,,,,tried,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,as,,,,,friendly,,,,,as,,,,,possible.,,,,,我尽量地表示友好。 Come,,,,,as,,,,,quickly,,,,,as,,,,,possible.,,,,,尽快来。 since,,,,,uncertainty,,,,,is,,,,,always,,,,,there,,,,,是一个原因状语从句。 risk,,,,,accompanies,,,,,decisions,,,,,.风险伴随着决策 6.sometimes,,,,,„,,,,,at,,,,,other,,,,,times,,,,,有时„,,,,,，而有时则,,,,,„ a,,,,,poor,,,,,decision,,,,,一个不良决策 第二部分 Para.3 Choice,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,opportunity,,,,,to,,,,,select,,,,,among,,,,,alternatives.,,,,,If,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,, choice，,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,decision,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,made.,,,,,Decision,,,,,making,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,process,,,,,of,,,,,choosing，,,,,,and,,,,,many,,,,,decisions,,,,,have,,,,,a,,,,,broad,,,,,range,,,,,of,,,,,choice.,,,,,For,,,,,example，,,,,,a,,,,,student,,,,,may,,,,,be,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,choose,,,,,among,,,,,a,,,,,number,,,,,of,,,,,different,,,,,courses,,,,,in,,,,,order,,,,,to,,,,,implement,,,,,the,,,,,decision,,,,,to,,,,,obtain,,,,,a,,,,,colle ge,,,,,degree.,,,,,For,,,,,managers，,,,,,every,,,,,decision,,,,,has,,,,,constraints,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,policies，,,,,,procedures，,,,,,laws，,,,,,precedents，,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,like.,,,,,These,,,,,constraints,,,,,exist,,,,,at,,,,,all,,,,,levels,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,organization. 7.“选择”三个词的区别: alternative,,,,,adj.两者或多于两者选一个，供选择的，n.替代物 choice,,,,,选自己喜欢的，挑出，选出 select,,,,,选出最好的，筛选、精选 8.由,,,,,if,,,,,引导的条件状语从句，,,,,,主句中的不定式被动态,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,made作定 语，,,,,,修饰decision 9.range,,,,,n.,,,,,范围,,,,,a,,,,,broad,,,,,range,,,,,of,,,,,choice,,,,,一个很广的选择范围 10.For,,,,,managers，,,,,,every,,,,,decision,,,,,has,,,,,constraints,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,policies，,,,,,proce dures，,,,,,laws，,,,,,precedents，,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,like. 本句中based,,,,,on,,,,,是一个过去分词作定语修饰constraints. be,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,表示“建立在„基础上 例:The,,,,,book,,,,,is,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,a,,,,,true,,,,,story.,,,,,这本书是以一个真实的故事为依 据的。 He,,,,,was,,,,,the,,,,,first,,,,,to,,,,,draw,,,,,a,,,,,map,,,,,that,,,,,was,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,all,,,,,available,,,,,k nowledge，,,,,,rather,,,,,than,,,,,guess,,,,,or,,,,,imagination.,,,,,他第一个画出以当时所有的知识为 基础的地图，而不是基于猜测和想象。 and,,,,,the,,,,,like,,,,,意思是“等等,,,,,(之类的东西)”。 例:He,,,,,studied,,,,,painting，,,,,,music，,,,,,English,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,like.,,,,,他学习了绘画、 音乐、英语等等。 11.at,,,,,all,,,,,levels,,,,,“在各个层次” Para.4 Alternatives,,,,,are,,,,,the,,,,,possible,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,,,,,from,,,,,which,,,,,choices,,,,,can,,,,, be,,,,,made.,,,,,If,,,,,there,,,,,are,,,,,no,,,,,alternatives，,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,choice,,,,,and，,,,,,ther efore，,,,,,no,,,,,decision.,,,,,If,,,,,no,,,,,alternatives,,,,,are,,,,,seen，,,,,,often,,,,,it,,,,,means,,,,,that,,,, ,a,,,,,thorough,,,,,job,,,,,of,,,,,examining,,,,,the,,,,,problems,,,,,has,,,,,not,,,,,been,,,,,done.,,,,,For,,,,,e xample，,,,,,managers,,,,,sometimes,,,,,treat,,,,,problems,,,,,in,,,,,an,,,,,either/or,,,,,fashion;,,,,,this, ,,,,is,,,,,their,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,simplifying,,,,,complex,,,,,problems.,,,,,But,,,,,the,,,,,tendency,,,,,to,,,,,si mplify,,,,,blinds,,,,,them,,,,,to,,,,,other,,,,,alternatives. 12.from,,,,,which,,,,,引导定语从句，修饰,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,,,,,行动方针 13.a,,,,,thorough,,,,,job,,,,,of,,,,,examining,,,,,一个彻底的考察工作 a,,,,,thorough,,,,,job是主语，of,,,,,examining,,,,,the,,,,,problems,,,,,修饰job， has,,,,,not,,,,,been,,,,,done是句子的谓语。 thorough,,,,,a.,,,,,彻底的 through,,,,,prep.,,,,,通过，穿过 though,,,,,conj.,,,,,虽然，尽管,,,,,(,,,,,同although,,,,,) thought,,,,,n.,,,,,思想 14.For,,,,,example，,,,,,managers,,,,,sometimes,,,,,treat,,,,,problems,,,,,in,,,,,an,,,,,either/or,,,,,fashion,,,,,: either,,,,,/or,,,,,意思是“非此即彼;二者择一”。 例:We,,,,,fight，,,,,,or,,,,,we,,,,,don't,,,,,——,,,,,it's,,,,,an,,,,,either/or,,,,,decision. 我们战斗或不战斗-这是二者择一的决定。 第三部分 Para.5 At,,,,,the,,,,,managerial,,,,,level，,,,,,decision,,,,,making,,,,,includes,,,,,limiting,,,,,alternatives,,,,,as,,,,,well,,,,,as,,,,,identifying,,,,,them，,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,range,,,,,is,,,,,from,,,,,highly,,,,,limited,,,,,to,,,,,practically,,,,,unlimited. 15.At,,,,,the,,,,,managerial,,,,,level，,,,,,decision,,,,,making,,,,,includes,,,,,limiting,,,,,alternatives,,,,,as,,,,,well,,,,,as,,,,,identifying,,,,,them，,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,range,,,,,is,,,,,from,,,,,highly,,,,,limited,,,,,to,,,,,practically,,,,,unlimited. 在as,,,,,well,,,,,as,,,,,结构中，强调前者,,,,,limiting,,,,,alternatives,,,,,，不强调后者 译为:作决策包括限定选择和识别选择，或者译成:不仅包括识别选择还要包括限定选 择(除了包括识别选择外还有限定选择) practically,,,,,ad.,,,,,实际上，事实上(在口语中译为，几乎，简直)在本文中是几乎的意思。 例如:几乎是不可能practically,,,,,impossible Para.6 Decision,,,,,makers,,,,,must,,,,,have,,,,,some,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,determining,,,,,which,,,,,of,,,,,several,,,,,alternatives,,,,,is,,,,,best,,,,,-,,,,,that,,,,,is，,,,,,which,,,,,contributes,,,,,the,,,,,most,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,achie vement,,,,,of,,,,,organizational,,,,,goals.,,,,,An,,,,,organizational,,,,,goal,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,end,,,,,or,,,,,a,,,,,state,,,,,of,,,,,affairs,,,,,the,,,,,organization,,,,,seeks,,,,,to,,,,,reach.,,,,,Because,,,,,individuals,,,,,(and,,,,,organizations),,,,,frequently,,,,,have,,,,,different,,,,,ideas,,,,,about,,,,,how,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,the,,,,,goals，,,,,,the,,,,,best,,,,,choice,,,,,may,,,,,depend,,,,,on,,,,,who,,,,,makes,,,,,the,,,,,decision.,,,,,Frequently，,,,,,departments,,,,,or,,,,,units,,,,,within,,,,,an,,,,,organization,,,,,make,,,,,decisions,,,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,good,,,,,for,,,,,them,,,,,individually,,,,,but,,,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,optimal,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,larger,,,,,organization.,,,,,Called,,,,,suboptimization，,,,,,this,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,trade-off,,,,,that,,,,, increases,,,,,the,,,,,advantages,,,,,to,,,,,one,,,,,unit,,,,,or,,,,,function,,,,,but,,,,,decreases,,,,,the,,,,,advantages,,,,,to,,,,,another,,,,,unit,,,,,or,,,,,function.,,,,,For,,,,,example，,,,,,the,,,,,marketing,,,,,manager, ,,,,may,,,,,argue,,,,,effectively,,,,,for,,,,,an,,,,,increased,,,,,advertising,,,,,budget.,,,,,In,,,,,the,,,,,larger,,,,,scheme,,,,,of,,,,,things，,,,,,however，,,,,,increased,,,,,funding,,,,,for,,,,,research,,,,,to,,,,,improve ,,,,,the,,,,,products,,,,,might,,,,,be,,,,,more,,,,,beneficial,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,organization. 16.An,,,,,organizational,,,,,goal,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,end,,,,,or,,,,,a,,,,,state,,,,,of,,,,,affairs,,,,,the,,,,,organization,,,,,seeks,,,,,to,,,,,reach. 一个省略that或which的定语从句，修饰a,,,,,state,,,,,of,,,,,affairs,,,,,“事物的状态，事态” to,,,,,seek,,,,,to,,,,,do,,,,,sth.,,,,,追求，争取，寻求，设法(去做某事) 17.Because,,,,,individuals,,,,,frequently,,,,,have,,,,,different,,,,,ideas,,,,,about,,,,,how,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,the,,,,,goals，,,,,,the,,,,,best,,,,,choice,,,,,may,,,,,depend,,,,,on,,,,,who,,,,,makes,,,,,the,,,,,decision. 本句中，because,,,,,引导了原因状语从句;在主句中，who,,,,,makes,,,,,the,,,,,decision,,,,, 是作depend,,,,,on,,,,,的介词宾语从句。 18.Frequently，,,,,,departments,,,,,or,,,,,units,,,,,within,,,,,an,,,,,organization,,,,,make,,,,,decisions,,,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,good,,,,,for,,,,,them,,,,,individually,,,,,but,,,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,optimal,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,larger,,,,,organization. 两个that引导的都是定语从句，修饰decisions less,,,,,than,,,,,在此做状语，表示否定的含义，,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,optimal,,,,,“不太理想” 例如:This,,,,,job,,,,,is,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,perfect.,,,,,这份工作不十分理想(完美)。 19.this,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,trade-off,,,,,that,,,,,increases,,,,,the,,,,,advantages,,,,,to,,,,,one,,,,,unit,,,,,or,,,,,function,,,,,but,,,,,decreases,,,,,the,,,,,advantages,,,,,to,,,,,another,,,,,unit,,,,,or,,,,,function. that引导定语从句，修饰trade-off,,,,,“权衡” increases,,,,,和,,,,,decreases,,,,,是定语从句的并列谓语 Para.7 These,,,,,trade-offs,,,,,occur,,,,,because,,,,,there,,,,,are,,,,,many,,,,,objectives,,,,,that,,,,,organizations,,,,,wish,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,simultaneously.,,,,,Some,,,,,of,,,,,these,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,more,,,,,important,,,,,than,,,,,others，,,,,,but,,,,,the,,,,,order,,,,,and,,,,,degree,,,,,of,,,,,importance,,,,,often,,,,,vary,,,,,from,,,,,person,,,,,to,,,,,person,,,,,and,,,,,from,,,,,department,,,,,to,,,,,department.,,,,,Different,,,,,managers,,,,,define,,,,,the,,,,,same,,,,,problem,,,,,in,,,,,differentterms.,,,,,When,,,,,presented,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,common,,,,,case，,,,,,sales,,,,,managers,,,,,tend,,,,,to,,,,,see,,,,,sales,,,,,problems，,,,,,production,,, ,,managers,,,,,see,,,,,production,,,,,problems，,,,,,and,,,,,so,,,,,on. 20.These,,,,,trade-offs,,,,,occur,,,,,because,,,,,there,,,,,are,,,,,many,,,,,objectives,,,,,that,,,,,organizations,,,,,wish,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,simultaneously. Because,,,,,引导的原因状语从句中，有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰many,,,,,objectives 21.Some,,,,,of,,,,,these,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,more,,,,,important,,,,,than,,,,,others，,,,,,but,,,,,the,,,,,o rder,,,,,and,,,,,degree,,,,,of,,,,,importance,,,,,often,,,,,vary,,,,,form,,,,,person,,,,,to,,,,,person,,,,,and,,,,,from,,,,,department,,,,,to,,,,,department. vary,,,,,from,,,,,„,,,,,to,,,,,„,,,,,表示各不相同的意思。 例:The,,,,,percentage,,,,,varies,,,,,from,,,,,person,,,,,to,,,,,person.,,,,,(税收的),,,,,比例因人 而异。 22.When,,,,,presented,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,common,,,,,case presented,,,,,with,,,,,面对 过去分词短语前面加上when作时间状语。 为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时常在分词前面加上 when，,,,,,while，,,,,,even,,,,,if,,,,,，,,,,,even,,,,,though,,,,,，,,,,,unless,,,,,等连词作时间、条件、 让步等状语。,,,,,(详见语法要点) Para.8 The,,,,,ordering,,,,,and,,,,,importance,,,,,of,,,,,multiple,,,,,objectives,,,,,is,,,,,also,,,,,based，,,,,,in,,,,, part，,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,values,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,decision,,,,,maker.,,,,,Such,,,,,values,,,,,are,,,,,personal; ,,,,,they,,,,,are,,,,,hard,,,,,to,,,,,understand，,,,,,even,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,individual，,,,,,because,,,,,they,,,, ,are,,,,,so,,,,,dynamic,,,,,and,,,,,complex.,,,,,In,,,,,many,,,,,business,,,,,situations,,,,,different,,,,,people's,,,,,values,,,,,about,,,,,acceptable,,,,,degrees,,,,,of,,,,,risk,,,,,and,,,,,profitability,,,,,cause,,,,,disagreement,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,correctness,,,,,of,,,,,decisions. 23.The,,,,,ordering,,,,,and,,,,,importance,,,,,of,,,,,multiple,,,,,objectives,,,,,is,,,,,also,,,,,based，,,,,,in, ,,,,part，,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,values,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,decision,,,,,maker. be,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,基于，取决于 in,,,,,part,,,,,部分地，在某种程度上 对于多项目标的排序和重要性，部分地基于决策者的价值观。 24.different,,,,,people's,,,,,values,,,,,about,,,,,acceptable,,,,,degrees,,,,,of,,,,,risk,,,,,and,,,,,profitabilit y,,,,,cause,,,,,disagreement,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,correctness,,,,,of,,,,,decisions. 两个about都是介词短语作定语，修饰前边的名词 不同人关于风险和收益可接受程度的价值观，导致了对于决策正确性的不同意见。 Para.9 People,,,,,often,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,isolated,,,,,phenomenon.,,,,,But,,,,,from,,,,,a,,,,,systems,,,,,point,,,,,of,,,,,view，,,,,,problems,,,,,have,,,,,multiple,,,,,causes，,,,,,and,,,,,dec isions,,,,,have,,,,,intended,,,,,and,,,,,unintended,,,,,consequences.,,,,,An,,,,,organization,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,ongoing,,,,,entity，,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,made,,,,,today,,,,,may,,,,,have,,,,,consequences,,,,,far,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,future.,,,,,Thus,,,,,the,,,,,skilled,,,,,manager,,,,,looks,,,,,toward,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,consequences,,,,,of,,,,,current,,,,,decisions. 25.People,,,,,often,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,isolated,,,,,phenomenon assume,,,,,vt.,,,,,认为，假定，设想,,,,,that,,,,,引导宾语从句 made,,,,,today,,,,,过去分词短语作定语，“今天作出的决策” far,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,形容词短语作定语，“对将来有深远的影响” 27.Thus,,,,,the,,,,,skilled,,,,,manager,,,,,looks,,,,,toward,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,consequences,,,,,of,,,,,current,,,,,decisions. the,,,,,skilled,,,,,manager,,,,,“一个干练的管理者，一个有经验的管理者” current,,,,,a.,,,,,当前的，现时的,,,,,n.,,,,,流，水流，电流，气流 一个干练的管理者可以从当今决策看到未来的结果。 附:重点句 1.The,,,,,reason,,,,,for,,,,,making,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,problem,,,,,exists，,,,,,goals,,,,, or,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,wrong，,,,,,or,,,,,something,,,,,is,,,,,standing,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,accomplishing,,,,,them.,,,,,三个表语从句并列,,,,,(第一段) 2.Often,,,,,managers,,,,,must,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,what,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,and,,,,,try,,,,,to,,,,,leave,,,,,as,,,,,little,,,,,as,,,,,possible,,,,,to,,,,,chance，,,,,,but,,,,,since,,,,,uncertain ty,,,,,is,,,,,always,,,,,there，,,,,,risk,,,,,accompanies,,,,,decisions.,,,,,主从复合句(第二段) 3.For,,,,,managers，,,,,,every,,,,,decision,,,,,has,,,,,constraints,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,policies，,,,,,proced ures，,,,,,laws，,,,,,precedents，,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,like.,,,,,(第三段) 4.For,,,,,example，,,,,,managers,,,,,sometimes,,,,,treat,,,,,problems,,,,,in,,,,,an,,,,,either/or,,,,,fashion;,,,,,(第四段) 5.Because,,,,,individuals,,,,, (and,,,,,organizations),,,,,frequently,,,,,have,,,,,different,,,,,ideas,,,,,about,,,,,how,,,,,to,,,,,attain,,,,,the,,,,,goals，,,,,,the,,,,,best,,,,,choice,,,,,may,,,,,depend,,,,,on,,,,,who,,,,,makes,,,,,the,,,,,decision.,,,,, 主从复合句(第六段) 6.Frequently，,,,,,departments,,,,,or,,,,,units,,,,,within,,,,,an,,,,,organization,,,,,make,,,,,decisions,,,,, that,,,,,are,,,,,good,,,,,for,,,,,them,,,,,individually,,,,,but,,,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,optimal,,,,,for,, ,,,the,,,,,larger,,,,,orgnization.,,,,,(第六段) 7.Some,,,,,of,,,,,these,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,more,,,,,important,,,,,than,,,,,others，,,,,,but,,,,,the,,,,,or der,,,,,and,,,,,degree,,,,,of,,,,,importance,,,,,often,,,,,vary,,,,,from,,,,,person,,,,,to,,,,,person,,,,,and,,,,,f rom,,,,,department,,,,,to,,,,,department.,,,,,(第七段) 8.When,,,,,presented,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,common,,,,,case，,,,,,sales,,,,,managers,,,,,tend,,,,,to,,,,,see,,,,,sa les,,,,,problems，,,,,,production,,,,,managers,,,,,see,,,,,production,,,,,problems，,,,,,and,,,,,so,,,,,on.,,,,, (第七段) Text,,,,,B Secrets,,,,,of,,,,,Success,,,,,at,,,,,an,,,,,Interview I.New,,,,,Words title分析:Secrets:秘密,,,,,success,,,,,n.,,,,,成功,,,,,succeed,,,,,v. interview,,,,,vt./n.,,,,,面谈，采访;面试，口试 criticism,,,,,n.,,,,,批评;评论 candidate,,,,,n.,,,,,候选人，候补者;应试者 vague,,,,,a.,,,,,含糊的;不明确的 notion,,,,,n.,,,,,概念;想法，看法 prospect,,,,,n.,,,,,展望，景象;前景，前程 community,,,,,n.,,,,,社区;共同体 unattractive,,,,,a.,,,,,无吸引力的;不引人注意的 indifference,,,,,n.,,,,,冷漠;不感兴趣 interviewer,,,,,n.,,,,,接见者;面谈者 personality,,,,,n.,,,,,个性;人格;品格 prospective,,,,,a.,,,,,预期的;未来的 speechless,,,,,a.,,,,,不会说话的;不说话的 clarification,,,,,n.,,,,,澄清，阐明 correspondence,,,,,n.,,,,,符合，一致;通信 photocopy,,,,,vt./n.,,,,,复印，影印;照相复制本 resume,,,,,n.,,,,,摘要，梗概;个人简历 inefficiency,,,,,n.,,,,,无效;效能差 neat,,,,,a.,,,,,整洁的;简洁的;整齐的 conservative,,,,,a.,,,,,保存的，防腐的;保守的，守旧的 punk,,,,,n.,,,,,(俚)阿飞;朋克(70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派) a.颓废派的 miniskirt,,,,,n.,,,,,超短裙 panel,,,,,n.,,,,,专门小组 intimidate,,,,,vt.,,,,,恐吓，恫吓 clutch,,,,,vt./vi.,,,,,抓住，握紧 grip,,,,,vt./n.,,,,,紧握，紧夹;掌握，控制 painful,,,,,a.,,,,,痛苦的;费力的 rephrase,,,,,vt.,,,,,重新措辞，改用别的话表示 词组: to,,,,,apply,,,,,for,,,,,申请 day,,,,,to,,,,,day,,,,,(=day-to-day),,,,,work,,,,,日常工作 to,,,,,take,,,,,the,,,,,trouble,,,,,to,,,,,不辞劳苦，费力 to,,,,,put,,,,,oneself,,,,,in,,,,,somebody's,,,,,place,,,,,设身处地 to,,,,,one's,,,,,advantage,,,,,对某人有利 to,,,,,ask,,,,,for,,,,,请求，向„要;寻找 in,,,,,hand,,,,,手头上有 to,,,,,make,,,,,sure,,,,,查明，弄确实;确信 at,,,,,a,,,,,disadvantage,,,,,处于不利地位 to,,,,,turn,,,,,down,,,,,拒绝;调小或调低;翻下 重点词汇词组讲解: 1.interview,,,,,:,,,,,vt./n.,,,,,面谈，采访 派生词:,,,,,interviewer(采访者),,,,,，,,,,,interviewee(被采访者),,,,,，,,,,,view,,,,,(观点、见解)/风景)，,,,,,interview(面试/采访)，,,,,,preview(预习),,,,,，,,,,,review,,,,,(复习) 2.Criticism,,,,,:,,,,,n.,,,,,批评;评论 派生词:Criticize,,,,,v.,,,,,批评;critical,,,,,a.,,,,,挑剔的;批评的;关键的 3.prospect,,,,,n.,,,,,展望，景象，前景 There's,,,,,not,,,,,much,,,,,prospect,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,war,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,over,,,,,soon.,,,,,这场战争很快结束的可能性不大。 4.indifference,,,,,:,,,,,n.冷漠，不感兴趣 派生词:indifferent,,,,,a.,,,,,冷漠的;不感兴趣的。 用法:indifference,,,,,to,,,,,对„。,,,,,冷漠 5.inefficiency,,,,,:,,,,,n.,,,,,无效，效能差 派生词:efficient,,,,,a.,,,,,有效率的;efficiency,,,,,n.,,,,,效率 6.neat,,,,,a.,,,,,整洁的，简洁的，整齐的 You,,,,,have,,,,,got,,,,,such,,,,,neat,,,,,handwriting,,,,,.,,,,,你的书写真工整。 7.conservative,,,,,a.,,,,,保存的，保守的，防腐的 I,,,,,tend,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,rather,,,,,conservative,,,,,in,,,,,such,,,,,matters,,,,,.,,,,,我在这些事情方面向来比较保守。 8.grip,,,,,v.,,,,,紧握，紧夹，掌握，控制 grip,,,,,She,,,,,gripped,,,,,my,,,,,hand,,,,,in,,,,,fear.,,,,,她因害怕紧抓住我的手。 相关的同义词: seize,,,,,He,,,,,seized,,,,,my,,,,,hand,,,,,，,,,,,shook,,,,,it,,,,,.,,,,,他抓住我的手，握着。(握手) grab,,,,,He,,,,,grabbed,,,,,the,,,,,money,,,,,and,,,,,ran,,,,,off,,,,,.,,,,,他(急速)抓过钱就跑了。(逃之夭夭) grasp,,,,,Grasp,,,,,the,,,,,rope,,,,,with,,,,,both,,,,,hands.,,,,,用双手抓牢绳索。 hold,,,,,He,,,,,was,,,,,holding,,,,,a,,,,,knife,,,,,in,,,,,one,,,,,hand.,,,,,他一只手抓着(握着)一把 刀子。 catch,,,,,The,,,,,child,,,,,caught,,,,,a,,,,,bird,,,,,.,,,,,孩子捉了只鸟。 arrest,,,,,The,,,,,police,,,,,arrested,,,,,a,,,,,criminal,,,,,.,,,,,警察抓了个罪犯。 9.to,,,,,apply,,,,,for,,,,,申请 I,,,,,decided,,,,,to,,,,,apply,,,,,for,,,,,it,,,,,.,,,,,我决定去申请。 26.An,,,,,organization,,,,,is,,,,,an,,,,,ongoing,,,,,entity，,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,decision,,,,,made,,,,,today,,,,,may,,,,,have,,,,,consequences,,,,,far,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,future. an,,,,,ongoing,,,,,entity,,,,,“一个发展中的实体，一个运作中的单位” 10.take,,,,,the,,,,,trouble,,,,,to,,,,,:,,,,,不辞劳苦， 用法:take,,,,,the,,,,,trouble,,,,,to Some,,,,,employees,,,,,have,,,,,never,,,,,taken,,,,,the,,,,,trouble,,,,,to,,,,,find,,,,,out,,,,,the,,,,,actual,,,,,t asks,,,,,they,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,required,,,,,to,,,,,do.有些雇员从来不下工夫去弄清楚要求他们去从 事的实际任务。 11.to,,,,,turn,,,,,down,,,,,:,,,,,拒绝 He,,,,,asked,,,,,Jane,,,,,to,,,,,marry,,,,,him,,,,,but,,,,,she,,,,,turned,,,,,him,,,,,down,,,,,.,,,,,他要简 嫁给他，但她拒绝了他。 相关词组: turn,,,,,up,,,,,出现;,,,,,turn,,,,,on,,,,,打开;turn,,,,,off,,,,,拐弯，关上;turn,,,,,out,,,,,结果是， 最后证明是，制造; II.课文解析 注:课文中「」内的句子为重点句。 The,,,,,subject,,,,,of,,,,,today's,,,,,talk,,,,,is,,,,,interviews. 「The,,,,,key,,,,,words,,,,,here,,,,,are,,,,,preparation,,,,,and,,,,,confidence，,,,,,which,,,,,will,,,,,carry,,,,,you,,,,,far.」 重点句子分析:which,,,,,引导非限定性定语从句，修饰preparation,,,,,and,,,,,confidence.,,,,,注意此处不可用that代替which carry,,,,,you,,,,,far,,,,,意为“祝你成功” Do,,,,,your,,,,,homework,,,,,first. 「Find,,,,,out,,,,,all,,,,,you,,,,,can,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,job,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,applying,,,,,for,,,,,and,,,,,the,, ,,,organization,,,,,you,,,,,hope,,,,,to,,,,,work,,,,,for.」 重点句子分析:此句中有三个定语从句，(下边画线的)分别修饰all，,,,,,the,,,,,job,,,,,和,,,,,the,,,,,organization,,,,,. 注意后两句中的,,,,,for,,,,,不能省略 Many,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,employers,,,,,I,,,,,interviewed,,,,,made,,,,,the,,,,,same,,,,,criticism,,,,,of,,,,,candi dates.,,,,, “They,,,,,hare,,,,,no,,,,,idea,,,,,what,,,,,the,,,,,day,,,,,to,,,,,day,,,,,work,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,job,,,,,brings,,,,, about.,,,,,They,,,,,have,,,,,vague,,,,,notions,,,,,of,,,,,'furthering,,,,,the,,,,,company's,,,,,prospects',,,,,or,,,,,o,,,,,f,,,,,'serving,,,,,the,,,,,community'，,,,,,but,,,,,have,,,,,never,,,,,taken,,,,,the,,,,,trouble,,,,,to,,,,, find,,,,,out,,,,,the,,,,,actual,,,,,tasks,,,,,they,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,required,,,,,to,,,,,do.” Do,,,,,not,,,,,let,,,,,this,,,,,be,,,,,said,,,,,of,,,,,you.,,,,,It,,,,,shows,,,,,an,,,,,unattractive,,,,,indifference,,,,,to,,,,,your,,,,,employer,,,,,and,,,,,to,,,,,your,,,,,job. Take,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,to,,,,,put,,,,,yourself,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,interviewer's,,,,,place.,,,,,He,,,,,wants,,,,,somebody,,,,,who,,,,,is,,,,,hard-working,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,pleasant,,,,,personality,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,real,,,,,interest,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,job. 「Anything,,,,,that,,,,,you,,,,,find,,,,,out,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,prospective,,,,,employer,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,used,,,,,to,,,,,your,,,,,advantage,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,interview,,,,,to,,,,,show,,,,,that,,,,,you,,,,,have,,,,,bothered,,,,,to,,,,,master,,,,,some,,,,,facts,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,people,,,,,who,,,,,you,,,,,hope,,,,,to,,,,,work,,,,,for.」 重点句子分析:that引导的定语从句修饰anything who,,,,,引导的定语从句修饰,,,,,people.也可以写作for,,,,,whom,,,,,you,,,,,hope,,,,,to,,,,,work 译为“你希望为其工作的人 引导的宾语从句，作动词show的宾 to,,,,,show,,,,,是不定式作目的状语，其中有一个that 语 Write,,,,,down,,,,, (and,,,,,remember),,,,,the,,,,,questions,,,,,you,,,,,want,,,,,to,,,,,ask,,,,,the,,,,,interviewer (s),,,,,so,,,,,that,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,not,,,,,speechless,,,,,when,,,,,they,,,,,invite,,,,,your,,,,,questions.,,,,,Make,,,,,sure,,,,,that,,,,,holidays,,,,,and,,,,,pay,,,,,are,,,,,not,,,,,the,,,,,first,,,,,things,,,,,you,,,,,ask,,,,,about.,,,,,If,,,,,all,,,,,your,,,,,questions,,,,,have,,,,,been,,,,,answered,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,interview，,,,,,r eply:,,,,, “In,,,,,fact，,,,,,I,,,,,did,,,,,have,,,,,several,,,,,questions，,,,,,but,,,,,you,,,,,have,,,,,already,,,,,answe red,,,,,them,,,,,all,,,,,.” 「Do,,,,,not,,,,,be,,,,,afraid,,,,,to,,,,,ask,,,,,for,,,,,clarification,,,,,of,,,,,something,,,,,that,,,,,has,,,,,been,,,,,said,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,interview,,,,,if,,,,,you,,,,,want,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,sure,,,,,what,,,,,was,,,,,implied.,,,,,but,,,,,do,,,,,be,,,,,polite.」 重点句子分析:be,,,,,sure,,,,,肯定，确信 do,,,,,be,,,,,polite,,,,,是强调语气。例如:Do,,,,,be,,,,,careful～ Just,,,,,before,,,,,you,,,,,go,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,interview，,,,,,look,,,,,again,,,,,at,,,,,the,,,,,original,,,,,adve rtisement,,,,,that,,,,,you,,,,,answered，,,,,,any,,,,,correspondence,,,,,from,,,,,your,,,,,prospective,,,,,e mployer，,,,,,photocopies,,,,,of,,,,,your,,,,,letter,,,,,of,,,,,application,,,,,or,,,,,application,,,,,form,,,,,and,,,,,your,,,,,resume. Then,,,,,you,,,,,will,,,,,remember,,,,,what,,,,,you,,,,,said,,,,,and,,,,,what,,,,,they,,,,,want.,,,,,This,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,important,,,,,if,,,,,you,,,,,have,,,,,applied,,,,,for,,,,,many,,,,,jobs,,,,,in,,,,,a,,,,,short,,,,,time,,,,, as,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,easy,,,,,to,,,,,become,,,,,confused,,,,,and,,,,,give,,,,,an,,,,,impression,,,,,of,,,,,inefficiency. Make,,,,,sure,,,,,you,,,,,know,,,,,where,,,,,and,,,,,when,,,,,you,,,,,have,,,,,to,,,,,report,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,interview.,,,,,Go,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,building,,,,, (but,,,,,not,,,,,inside,,,,,the,,,,,office),,,,,a,,,,,day,,,,,or,,,,,two,,,,,before，,,,,,if,,,,,necessary，,,,,,to ,,,,,find,,,,,out,,,,,how,,,,,long,,,,,the,,,,,journey,,,,,takes,,,,,and,,,,,where,,,,,exactly,,,,,the,,,,,place,,,,,is. Aim,,,,,to,,,,,arrive,,,,,five,,,,,or,,,,,ten,,,,,minutes,,,,,early,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,actual,,,,,interview，,,,,,the n,,,,,you,,,,,will,,,,,have,,,,,a,,,,,little,,,,,time,,,,,in,,,,,hand,,,,,and,,,,,you,,,,,will,,,,,not,,,,,panic,,,,,of,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,delayed.,,,,,You,,,,,start,,,,,at,,,,,a,,,,,disadvantage,,,,,if,,,,,you,,,,,arrive,,,,,worried,,,,,and,,,,,ten,,,,,minutes,,,,,late. 「Dress,,,,,in,,,,,clean，,,,,,neat，,,,,,conservative,,,,,clothes.,,,,,Now,,,,,is,,,,,NOT,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,t o,,,,,experiment,,,,,with,,,,,the,,,,,punk,,,,,look,,,,,or,,,,, (girl),,,,,to,,,,,wear,,,,,low-cut,,,,,dresses,,,,,with,,,,,miniskirts.」 Make,,,,,sure,,,,,that,,,,,your,,,,,shoes，,,,,,hands,,,,,and,,,,,hair,,,,, (and,,,,,teeth),,,,,are,,,,,clean,,,,,and,,,,,neat. 重点句子分析:Now,,,,,在句中做主语 the,,,,,punk,,,,,look,,,,,意为“朋克的样子” 「Have,,,,,the,,,,,letter,,,,,inviting,,,,,you,,,,,for,,,,,an,,,,,interview,,,,,ready,,,,,to,,,,,show,,,,,in,,,,,case,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,any,,,,,difficulty,,,,,in,,,,,communication.」 重点句子分析:这是个祈使句，inviting,,,,,you,,,,,for,,,,,an,,,,,interview,,,,,是现在分词作定 语，修饰the,,,,,letter in,,,,,case,,,,,引导条件状语从句，,,,,,译为:“以防万一，以免” You,,,,,may,,,,,find,,,,,yourself,,,,,facing,,,,,one,,,,,interviewer,,,,,or,,,,,a,,,,,panel.,,,,,The,,,,,latter,,,,,is,,,,,far,,,,,more,,,,,intimidating，,,,,,but,,,,,do,,,,,not,,,,,let,,,,,it,,,,,worry,,,,,you,,,,,too,,,,,much. The,,,,,interviewer,,,,,will,,,,,probably,,,,,have,,,,,a,,,,,table,,,,,in,,,,,front,,,,,of,,,,,him/her.,,,,,Do,,,,,not,,,,,put,,,,,your,,,,,things,,,,,or,,,,,arms,,,,,on,,,,,it. If,,,,,you,,,,,have,,,,,a,,,,,bag,,,,,or,,,,,a,,,,,case，,,,,,put,,,,,it,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,floor,,,,,beside,,,,,your,,,,,c hair.,,,,,Do,,,,,not,,,,,clutch,,,,,it,,,,,nervously,,,,,or，,,,,,worse,,,,,still，,,,,,drop,,,,,it，,,,,,spilling,,,,, everything. Shake,,,,,hands,,,,,if,,,,,the,,,,,interviewer,,,,,offers,,,,,his,,,,,hand,,,,,first.,,,,,There,,,,,is,,,,,little,,,,,likelihood,,,,,that,,,,,a,,,,,panel,,,,,of,,,,,five,,,,,wants,,,,,to,,,,,go,,,,,though,,,,,the,,,,,process,,,,,of,,,,,all,,,,,shaking,,,,,hands,,,,,with,,,,,you,,,,,in,,,,,turn.,,,,,So,,,,,you,,,,,do,,,,,not,,,,,be,,,,,upset,,,,,if,,,,,no,,,,,one,,,,,offers. Shake,,,,,hands,,,,,firmly ,,,,,,a,,,,,weak,,,,,hand,,,,,suggests,,,,,a,,,,,weak,,,,,personality，,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,crushing,,,,,grip,,,,,is,,,,,obviously,,,,,painful.,,,,,Do,,,,,not,,,,,drop,,,,,the,,,,,hand,,,,,as,,,,,soon,,,,,as,,,,,yours,,,,,has,,,,,touc hed,,,,,it,,,,,as,,,,,this,,,,,will,,,,,seem,,,,,to,,,,,show,,,,,you,,,,,do,,,,,not,,,,,like,,,,,the,,,,,other,,,,,person. Speak,,,,,politely,,,,,and,,,,,naturally,,,,,even,,,,,if,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,feeling,,,,,shy.,,,,,Think,,,,,before,,, ,,you,,,,,answer,,,,,any,,,,,questions. If,,,,,you,,,,,cannot,,,,,understand,,,,,ask:,,,,, “Would,,,,,you,,,,,mind,,,,,rephrasing,,,,,the,,,,,question，,,,,,please,”,,,,,The,,,,,question,,,,,will,,,,,then,,,,,be,,,,,repeated,,,,,in,,,,,different,,,,,words. If,,,,,you,,,,,are,,,,,not,,,,,definitely,,,,,accepted,,,,,or,,,,,turned,,,,,down,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,spot，,,,,,ask :,,,,,“when,,,,,may,,,,,I,,,,,expect,,,,,to,,,,,hear,,,,,the,,,,,results,,,,,of,,,,,this,,,,,interview,” If,,,,,you,,,,,do,,,,,receive,,,,,a,,,,,letter,,,,,offering,,,,,you,,,,,the,,,,,job，,,,,,you,,,,,must,,,,,reply,,,,,by,,,,,letter,,,,,(keep,,,,,a,,,,,photocopy),,,,,as,,,,,soon,,,,,as,,,,,possible. Good,,,,,luck,,,,,～ 语 法 As的用法 I.语,,,,,法 1.AS的用法 (1)用作介词时的基本词义，“作为，担任”，“像，似”。 介词短语在句子中可担任的成分:状语、定语、宾语补语和表语 (2)用作副词表示程度，as,,,,,„,,,,,as,,,,,„,,,,,结构中 (3)用作连词，引导状语从句(比较、让步、时间、原因和方式状语从句) (4)用作关系代词，引导定语从句， (5)As用于常用习语中 2.过去分词、现在分词、不定式作定语的区别 分词作定语: 过去分词作定语，修饰名词、代词，表示被动、已经完成。 现在分词作定语，修饰名词、代词，表示主动、正在进行。 单个分词一般置于所修饰的词之前，但也有例外。 例如,,,,,an,,,,,extended,,,,,family,,,,,一个扩展了的家庭,,,,,/,,,,,a,,,,,singing,,,,,girl,,,,,一个唱歌 的女孩 a,,,,,developed,,,,,country,,,,,发达国家,,,,,/,,,,,a,,,,,developing,,,,,country,,,,,发展中国家 the,,,,,people,,,,,concerned,,,,,有关人员 分词短语一般放在所修饰的词之后，例如: A,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,choice,,,,,made,,,,,from,,,,,among,,,,,alternative,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action. Have,,,,,the,,,,,letter,,,,,inviting,,,,,you,,,,,for,,,,,an,,,,,interview,,,,,„ 现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动，区别在于前者表示修饰的词正在承受的行 为，而后者表示修饰的词已承受过了的行为。 例如:,,,,,The,,,,,problem,,,,,being,,,,,discussed,,,,,is,,,,,important.,,,,,正在讨论的这个问题很 重要。 The,,,,,problem,,,,,discussed,,,,,yesterday,,,,,was,,,,,important.,,,,,昨天讨论的那个问题很重 要。 现在分词的完成主动式，表示动作已经完成。having,,,,,done 现在分词的完成被动式，表示动作已经被完成。the,,,,,decision,,,,,having,,,,,been,,,,,made 不定式作定语 不定式作定语应当放在所修饰的中心词之后。例如: We,,,,,have,,,,,plenty,,,,,of,,,,,work,,,,,to,,,,,do. 一般来讲，不定式作定语时，表示动作将要发生。另外，还要注意的是不定式有三种时 态，也有被动态。 3.分词短语作时间、条件、让步状语 为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时常在分词前面加上 when，,,,,,while，,,,,,even,,,,,if，,,,,,even,,,,,though，,,,,,unless,,,,,等连词作时间、条件、让步等 状语。 例如: When,,,,,presented,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,common,,,,,case，,,,,,sales,,,,,managers,,,,,tend,,,,,to,,,,,see,,,,,sale s,,,,,problems，,,,,,production,,,,,managers,,,,,see,,,,,production,,,,,problems，,,,,,and,,,,,so,,,,,on. 当面对同一件事例时，销售经理易于看到销售问题，生产部经理看到生产问题，等等。 Facts,,,,,are,,,,,terrible,,,,,things,,,,,if,,,,,left,,,,,spreading,,,,,and,,,,,unexamined. 如果听任事实泛滥不加检测，那是可怕的事。 Don't,,,,,leave,,,,,the,,,,,building,,,,,unless,,,,,instructed,,,,,to,,,,,do,,,,,so. 除非接到通知，不要离开这幢大楼。 II.练,,,,,习 1.单词英译汉 goal，,,,,,objective，,,,,,accomplish，,,,,,predict，,,,,,accompany，,,,,,implement，,,,,,tendency，,,,,,achievement，,,,,,argue，,,,,,budget，,,,,,define，,,,,,entity， 2.词组英译汉 in,,,,,the,,,,,way，,,,,,in,,,,,part，,,,,,point,,,,,of,,,,,view，,,,,,contribute,,,,,to，,,,,,to,,,,,apply,,,,,for，,,,,,in,,,,,hand，,,,,,to,,,,,turn,,,,,down 3.句子英译汉 (1) A,,,,,decision,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,choice,,,,,made,,,,,from,,,,,among,,,,,alternative,,,,,courses,,,,,of,,,,,action,, ,,,that,,,,,are,,,,,available. (2) Often,,,,,managers,,,,,must,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,what,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,, and,,,,,try,,,,,to,,,,,leave,,,,,as,,,,,little,,,,,as,,,,,possible,,,,,to,,,,,chance. (3)If,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,choice，,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,decision,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,made. (4) For,,,,,managers,,,,,every,,,,,decision,,,,,has,,,,,constraints,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,politics，,,,,,procedures ，,,,,,laws，,,,,,precedents,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,like. (5) For,,,,,example，,,,,,managers,,,,,sometimes,,,,,treat,,,,,problems,,,,,in,,,,,an,,,,,either/or,,,,,fashion. (6) Decision,,,,,makers,,,,,must,,,,,have,,,,,some,,,,,way,,,,,of,,,,,determining,,,,,which,,,,,of,,,,,several,,,,,alternatives,,,,,is,,,,,best,,,,,-,,,,,that,,,,,is，,,,,,which,,,,,contributes,,,,,the,,,,,most,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,achie vement,,,,,of,,,,,organizational,,,,,goals. (7) In,,,,,the,,,,,larger,,,,,scheme,,,,,of,,,,,things，,,,,,however，,,,,,increased,,,,,funding,,,,,for,,,,,researc h,,,,,to,,,,,improve,,,,,the,,,,,products,,,,,might,,,,,be,,,,,more,,,,,beneficial,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,organization. (8) Some,,,,,of,,,,,these,,,,,objectives,,,,,are,,,,,more,,,,,important,,,,,than,,,,,others，,,,,,but,,,,,the,,,,,ord er,,,,,and,,,,,degree,,,,,of,,,,,importance,,,,,often,,,,,vary,,,,,from,,,,,person,,,,,to,,,,,person,,,,,and,,,,,from,,,,,department,,,,,to,,,,,department. 4.Text,,,,,A,,,,,汉译英 决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。 Decision,,,,,makers,,,,,should,,,,,be,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,make,,,,,a,,,,,best,,,,,guess,,,,,at,,,,,what,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,,will,,,,,be. 有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。 Some,,,,,people,,,,,believe,,,,,almost,,,,,everything,,,,,a,,,,,manager,,,,,does,,,,,involves,,,,,decision. 没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。 If,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,proper,,,,,choice，,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,proper,,,,,decision. 不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。 Different,,,,,people,,,,,have,,,,,different,,,,,ideas,,,,,about,,,,,the,,,,,same,,,,,problem;,,,,,their,,,,,solu tions,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,problem,,,,,are，,,,,,therefore，,,,,,also,,,,,different. 决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。 Decision,,,,,makers,,,,,often,,,,,play,,,,,the,,,,,key,,,,,role,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,development,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,business,,,,,of,,,,,a,,,,,company. Decision,,,,,makers,,,,,are,,,,,usually,,,,,key,,,,,people,,,,,who,,,,,determine,,,,,the,,,,,company's,,,,,business,,,,,development. 历年考题 1.Almost,,,,,everything,,,,,a,,,,,manager,,,,,does______ (involve),,,,,decisions.,,,,,Indeed，,,,,,some,,,,,suggest,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,management,,,,,process,,, ,,is,,,,,decision,,,,,making.,,,,,(99.4) 答案是involves.,,,,,考点:,,,,,involve,,,,,为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。 a,,,,,manager,,,,,does为省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰先行词everything. 2.If,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,choice，,,,,,there,,,,,is,,,,,no,,,,,decision______(make)。,,,,,(99.4) 答案是to,,,,,be,,,,,made,,,,,.考点:to,,,,,be,,,,,made,,,,,是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3.Almost,,,,,everything,,,,,a,,,,,manager,,,,,does______decisions;,,,,,indeed，,,,,,some,,,,,suggest,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,management,,,,,process,,,,,is,,,,,decision,,,,,making.,,,,,(00.4) A.,,,,,imposes B.,,,,,improvise C.,,,,,involves D.,,,,,indicates 答案为C. 4.I,,,,,have,,,,,no,,,,,idea,,,,,what's,,,,,standing______accomplishing,,,,,our,,,,,goals,,,,,and,,,,,objecti ves. (,,,,,03.10) A.in,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of B.by,,,,,way,,,,,of C.on,,,,,the,,,,,way,,,,,of D.,,,,,in,,,,,one's,,,,,way,,,,,of 答案为A 5.For,,,,,managers，,,,,,every,,,,,decision,,,,,has,,,,,constraints_____ (base),,,,,on,,,,,policies，,,,,,procedures，,,,,,laws.,,,,,(03.04),,,,,(04.10) 答案为,,,,,based，,,,,,考点:过去分词短语作后置定语 6.When,,,,,_____ ,,,,,with,,,,,a,,,,,common,,,,,case，,,,,,sales,,,,,managers,,,,,tend,,,,,to,,,,,see,,,,,sales,,,,,pr(present) oblems,,,,,and,,,,,production,,,,,managers,,,,,see,,,,,production,,,,,problems.(02.10) 答案为presented.,,,,,考点:,,,,,present,,,,,是过去分词短语作时间状语。 7.An,,,,,organization,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,group,,,,,of,,,,,people，,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,decision______(make),,,,,today,,,,,may,,,,,have,,,,,consequences,,,,,far,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,future.,,,,,(02.10) 答案是made.,,,,,考点:make,,,,,是过去分词作定语，修饰decision. 8.汉译英:通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。