新媒体的特点 较之于传统媒体

新媒体的特点 较之于传统媒体 新媒体的特点 较之于传统媒体～新媒体自然有它自己的特点。对此～吴征认为:“相对于旧媒体～新媒体的第一个特点是它的消解力量——消解传统媒体(电视、广播、报纸、通信)之间的边界～消解国家与国家之间、社群之间、产业之间边界～消解信息发送者与接收者之间的边界～等等”。 周进指出～新媒体可以与受众真正建立联系～同时～它还具有交互性和跨时空的特点。同时～新媒体给媒体行业带来了许多新的理念和模式～如节目专业化越来越强～卖方市场转向买方市场等。 郭炜华认为:“新媒体与传统媒体最大的区别～在于传播状态的改变:由一点对多点变为多点对多点”。“从传播学的角度来分析～新媒体传播有四个特点——每个人都可以进行大众传播,„信息?与„意义?无关,受众的主动性大大增强,大众传播的„小众化?”。 有研究者从另一个角度提出:“新媒体近乎于零费用信息发布～对受众多为免费～这对传统媒体的新闻产品制作成本造成挑战。”张毓强还以“伦敦爆炸案”为个案提出了新媒体的多媒体整合态势。“市民威廉?达顿拍摄了手机照片～在朋友的博客上以近乎于图片直播的方式„报道?了灾难现场状况。这些照片很快进入各大电视网的新闻头条。在这次„报道?中～手机、博客、互联网以及„播客?密切配合～将„第一时间、第一现场?权力牢牢抓在手中～新的媒体形式与媒体工具的结合～显示出了巨大威力”。 隐poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 蔽性 新媒体的许多形式隐身于日常环境的各种空间、物体中～它最低限度地减少了与受众之间的抵触性～使广告同娱乐结合得更为紧密。 分众性 可以更有效地针对产品的消费群～加上一些新媒体属于主流媒体～信息传播率高～所以它能够很好地找到每个人单独的时间～通过这些零碎的时间～得到传统广告难以获取的好环境。 高科性 使新媒体具有鲜明的时代个性与广泛的应用性～适合于不同场所～可以产生更好的视觉效果 具有生动性和真实感～具备了较好地表现商品的各种特性 使商品的广告大大降低了整个环节的成本～又充分提高了广告的传达率。 新媒体的优点 新媒体既拥有人际媒体和大众媒体的优点:完全个性化的信息可以同时送达几乎无数的人,每个参与者～不论是出版者、传播者、还是消费者～对内容拥有对等的和相互的控制。又免除了人际媒体和大众媒体的缺点:当传播者想向每个接受者个性化地交流独特的信息时～不再受一次只能针对一人的限制,当传播者想向大众同时交流时～不再不能针对每个接受者提供个性化内容。同时他指出新媒体完全依赖于技术～不是人类先天自然拥有的技能。没有数字化等技术～新媒体完全不可能。 什么叫新媒体? 所谓新媒体～是相对于传统媒体而言的～新媒体与传统媒体的区别～不在于出现时间的先后～而在于传播方式和内容形态的不同 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 曾几何时～互联网络的盛行～曾经使业内人士无不感叹～网络媒介已经成为继报纸、广播、电视媒体之后的第四大传播媒介。在一段时期内～网络媒介成了新媒体的代名词～似乎一提起新媒体～人们都会不由自主地想到就是网络媒介。但是～说新媒体就是网络媒体正确吗,答案是不正确。时间的推移～时代的发展～科技的变迁～具有越来越多传播方式和内容形态的媒体形式不断涌现～如数字电视、车载电视、楼宇电梯广告、手机短信、手机电视等等。 最后～可以明确地说～所谓新媒体～是指一切区别于传统媒体而言的具有多种传播形式与内容形态的不断更新、不断涌现的新型媒体。 新媒体传播有四个特点: 每个人都可以进行大众传播 从岩画和巫会的模拟传播～到诗歌和戏剧的口语传播～到造纸术和印刷术发明之后的文字传播～到无线电发明之后的电子传播～回顾人类的大众传播史我们可以发现～传播的媒介形态日趋丰富～而传播行为日趋自由。 印刷品传播和电子传播的形态、通道是固定的～其传播的专业要求和边际成本都很高～传播者具有较强的垄断性和控制权～而数字化必然带来的网络化～以及网络化必然导致的交互性～使传播者和接收者的身份转换极其容易。如今～一个人通过发送手机短信、撰写博客日志、发起网络群聊～就可以在“任何时候、任何地点～对任何人”进行大众传播～突破传统主流媒体的话语权壁垒。 “信息”与“意义”无关 尼格洛庞帝poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 在《数字化生存》中说:“比特就是比特”。在数字语言里～所有的文本、声音和影像都只是0和1的组合。传播的信息从传播的意义中抽象出来～使“把关人”的能力大大削弱。 因为意义是完整、单一而不能分割成片段来进行传播的～易于甄别～而信息是可以编码、分段、压缩～进行传播～再组合、复原、解码～进行读取的～很难在传播过程中判别每一片断的信息意味着什么。上海目前发展很快的楼宇视频和地铁视频系统是电视还是计算机,曾经发生一场定性之争～就是这种突破的生动 案例 全员育人导师制案例信息技术应用案例心得信息技术教学案例综合实践活动案例我余额宝案例 。 受众的主动性大大增强 在传统传媒一统天下的鼎盛时期～传播的效果似乎是无坚不摧的～大众媒体对于公众有着“魔弹”般的效力。但随着数字技术的快速发展和新媒体的不断涌现～信息和“噪音”越来越多～以一个人的接受能力～根本不可能全部进行接收和处理～同时～在技术上对信息进行筛选、复制和传递已经非常容易～因此～信息接收者按照什么样的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ～通过什么途径～如何选择和过滤信息～又如何屏蔽噪音～在最大程度上决定了信息传送者的传播意图能否实现。这意味着受众在接收信息时的主动性和消费偏好变得日益重要。 大众传播的“小众化” 传播学研究中曾经有一个“沉默的螺旋”的发现～表明人们为了避免成为异类～陷入孤独～往往在大众媒体或舆论活跃分子发表了意见之后～不再表达自己与之不同的观点。而在数字加 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 网络的新媒体时代～任何一个人通过互联网、手机等～就可以随时进行信息沟通～甚至成为传统媒体的重要信息来源～人际传播的性质得到凸显和强化～传统的～倾向于无差异的普遍的广大受众～开始分割为气味相投的或者利害相关的“小众”～如各种各样的网络游戏团体、户外旅游论坛、短信交友俱乐部等。在小众中～人们也许更容易找到声气相投的伙伴～以对抗大众传播所造成的“社会孤立 分类 手机媒体～开创媒体新时代 杨春兰在她的文章指出:“如今的手机已不再单单是通讯工具～它还担当起了„第五媒体?的重任”。 手机版报纸内容图文并茂～只不过为了照顾读者的阅读习惯～编辑们要将报纸的新闻精编一遍后再搬上手机。与传统媒体相比～手机版报纸新闻时效性更强～很多新闻都能在报纸上报摊之前看到,简洁方便～可容纳一份内容丰富的报纸～从热点新闻、房产行情、彩票服务到生活信息等内容应有尽有,还不受时间地点限制～可随时阅读。此外～手机版报纸不占用手机的存贮量～像电脑一样只是一种虚拟存贮状态。 相比较以往的手机看新闻业务～“手机报”具有很大的优势。比如从订户体验的角度出发～考虑到受众的阅读习惯和延伸需求。形式上～最大限度地展现报纸的全貌,使用上～瞬间接收～随看随翻～彻底摆脱了传统纸媒介的时空限制。而且订阅者还可将自己的感想意见及时发送到无线报纸平台～编读间再没有隔膜～实现直poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 接交流互动。这改变了传统的传者传递信息～受者被动接受信息的局面～实现了互动有效～人情味十足的沟通新局面。尤其是2006年下半年发放3G牌照以后～手机媒体可传送的信息量和信息形式越来越多～手机的媒体趋势越来越明显。 IPTV～传受互动进行时 IPTV即交互网络电视～一般是指通过互联网络～特别是宽带互联网络传播视频节目的服务形式。 互动性是IPTV的重要特征之一。有人指出～“IPTV用户不再是被动的信息接受者～可以根据需要有选择地收视节目内容”。 网络电视迅速发展的同时也暴露出了一些 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 上的弊端。业界人士提出～“网络电视不仅是电信运营商的一场盛宴～对节目制作商而言～也是一个巨大的市场机会。”然而～“在新媒体产业领域～广播电视已不再享有原先的政策保护和市场垄断优势～与市场接轨的企业制度安排至关重要”。 数字交互电视是集合了电视传输影视节目的传统优势和网络交互传播优势的新型电视媒体～它的发展给电视传播方式带来了革新。有学者指出～数字交互电视“颠覆了电视观众的„受众?定位与电视传媒的„传者?定位”～“数字交互电视的互动传播～使传播者与接收者之间的位臵不再是固定的或先在规定的～而是不断在互相共享的、移动的。”数字交互电视的 发展还使得“大众传播研究的重心”转移到了“信息使用者”身上。 数字电视～产业链有望增长 数字电视是一个从节poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 目采集、节目制作节目传输直到用户端都以数字方式处理信号的端到端的系统。基于DVB技术标准的广播式和“交互式”数字电视(采用先进用户管理技术能将节目内容的质量和数量做得尽善尽美并为用户带来更多的节目选择和更好的节目质量效果～与模拟电视相比～数字电视具有图像质量高、节目容量大(是模拟电视传输通道节目容量的l0倍以上)和伴音效果好的特点。 特点: ,1, 音画～细腻逼真。由于采用了数字编码、压缩和传输技术～大大降低了传输过程造成的信号损耗～基本消除了模拟电视中的“雪花和条纹”现象～收视效果接近DVD水平。 ,2, 功能～种类繁多。除了数字电视基本频道、专业付费频道等视频节目以外～使用方便的节目收视导航、电视网站、实时股市行情、游戏、电视短信等新型服务形式也将出现在电视荧屏上。 ,3, 频道～极大丰富。数字压缩技术的应用使一个频道传输4—8套节目成为可能～全方位拓展了收视空间～用户仿佛臵身“节目超市”～精彩节目随意挑选。 ,4, 内容～个性十足。有线数字电视节目注重满足不同用户的个性化需求～用户可根据自己的喜好自由选择～真正成就“家庭电视台”的梦想。 分类 数字电视可以按以下几种方式分类: 按信号传输方式分类 可以分为地面无线传输(地面数字电视DVB-T)、卫星传输(卫星数字电视DVB-S)、有线传输(有线数字电视DVB-C)三类。 按产品类型分类 可以分为数字电poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor 视显示器、数字电视机顶盒、一体化数字电视接收机。 按清晰度分类 可以分为低清晰度数字电视(图像水平清晰度大于250线)、标准清晰度数字电视(图像水平清晰度大于500线)、高清晰度数字电视(图像水平清晰度大于800线～即HDTV)。VCD的图像 格式 pdf格式笔记格式下载页码格式下载公文格式下载简报格式下载 属于低清晰度数字电视(LDTV)水平～DVD的图像格式属于标准清晰度数字电视(SDTV)水平。 按显示屏幕幅型分类 可以分为4:3幅型比和16:9幅型比两种类型。 按扫描线数(显示格式)分类 可以分为HDTV扫描线数(大于1000线)和SDTV扫描线数(600，800线)等。 移动电视～强制收视的是与非 1、基本定义 狭义上～移动电视是指在公共汽车等可移动物体内通过电视终端～移动地收看电视节目的一种技术或应用。 广义上～只以一切可以以移动方式收看电视节目的技术或应用～这就包括了狭义的 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Museum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to use e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increase employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to households. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increase the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterprise provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor