植物营养与分子生物学

植物营养学与现代生物技术徐芳森植物营养学研究植物营养原理与施肥的科学。植物营养原理研究植物对营养元素的吸收、运转、分配和利用，以及植物体与环境之间营养物质和能量转化过程及其调控的科学。123土壤根地上部BAPTX(P)(T)利用转移运输吸收养分营养利用转移运输吸收养分营养植物必需营养元素（定义，分类，种类）？有益元素？每个必需营养元素的吸收（代谢与同化）、体内含量、分配、营养功能、缺乏（或中毒）症状（诊断）？每个必需营养元素所对应的肥料（种类、性质和施用技术等）？N,P,K肥料三要素?微肥？单质肥料与复合肥料？有机与无机肥？含Cl-肥料与含SO42-肥料？施肥与环境？配方施肥？尤•李比西(1803---1873)Liebig(1840)“Organicchemistryinitsapplicationtoagricultureandphysiology”A:MineralElementTheory(矿质营养学说）B:NutrientReturnTheory（归还学说）C：MinimumNutrientLaw（最小养分律）MacroelementC,H,O,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,SMicroelementFe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,ClBeneficialelementNa,Si,I,V,Co,NiCO2Uptakeanddistributionofboronatfloweringstage(µg)B-ineffi.B-effi.-B+B-B+BOldestleaf11.0217.277.7013.70Youngestleaf0.0240.150.2450.586Mainstem10.5528.7223.7326.68Flower1.235.673.467.85Bud1.8411.481.967.00Total32.8589.3745.6378.21EnzymologyIsotopetracetechniqueSoilScienceAgronomyTraditionalUnderstandingonPlantNutritionPlantNutritionPlantPhysiologySoilScienceCropPlantSoilFertilizerSoilSciencePlantNutriologyPlantPhysiol.MolecularBiologyAgronomyGeneticsMolecularGeneticsEnviron.EcologyModernDisciplineofPlantNutritionMedicalScienceGenomicsProteomicsMetabomicsPlantNutriomicsIonomicsSignalSignaltransductiontransductionRec.Rec.PlantPlantNutriomicsNutriomicsSignalSignaltransductiontransductionRec.Rec.PlantPlantNutriomicsNutriomicsMüllerandKersten,2003NRT1familyofnitratetransportersTwofamiliesofnitratetransportergeneshavebeenidentifiedtodate:theNRT1andNRT2families.CHL1participatesinbothlowandhighaffinityuptake.NNRT2familyofnitratetransportersTheNRT2familyofgenesencodenitrate-inducible,highaffinitynitratetransporters.AMT1familyofNH4+transportersModelforthefeedbackregulationoftheAtAMT1.1genebyNmetabolites.AmodelforsecondaryPitransportacrosstheplasmamembrane.PTheseninePht1genesarelocatedonchromosomes1,2,3,and5,respectively.Thediagramdepictsintrons(thinlines)andexons(blackboxes).PhylogeneticanalysisofArabidopsisphosphatetransporterproteinsequences.Citrate,acetatePhosphateFe-phosphateATPADP+PiH+-ATPaseH+H+H+Phosphate-H+cotransportCitrate,acetatePhosphateFe-acetateH+H+Fe-citrateFe3+reductaseFe2+Fe2+channelCitrateFe2+CytosolSoilThefirsthigh-affinityK+transporter,HKT1,wasclonedbycomplementationofyeasttrk1trk2K+transportmutantwithacDNAlibraryamassof59kDaandcontain12membrane-spanningdomainsExpressionofHKT1inXenopusoocytesgaverisetolargeinwardcurrentsinthepresentofK+.K克隆到的编码K+转运蛋白的植物基因基因物种定位KAT1拟南芥保卫细胞和维管组织KST1马铃薯保卫细胞和花芽AKT1拟南芥 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 皮和皮层根组织AKT2/13拟南芥叶SKT1马铃薯根、叶的表皮组织SKT2马铃薯？SKT3马铃薯？KCO1拟南芥花，全株小苗，叶SKOR拟南芥根星型细胞HKT1小麦根内皮层、根维管结构AtKUP1拟南芥根、叶、花AtKUP2拟南芥根、叶、花HvHAK1大麦根H+/Ca2+反向转运子主要功能是维持细胞原生质膜保持较低的Ca2+浓度。CaCa通道(主要通过与3-磷酸肌醇（IP3）或ADP-核糖作用)维持细胞原生质膜的Ca2+浓度。植物中广泛的代谢和发育信号都可以引发胞质中游离Ca2+的提高。游离Ca2+提高的直接作用目标包括离子通道，转运子，还包括钙调蛋白、含有钙调蛋白域的蛋白激酶等。Overviewofsulfuruptake,reduction,andtransportinplantsAPS:5-腺苷酰硫酸PAPS:3‘－磷酸腺苷－5-磷酰硫酸SModelofaPlantStransporterwith12regionsspanningtheplasmamembraneEpidermisEndodermisCortexBar=50µm.(Casparianstrip)BOR1promoter-GFPBAt1g15460At1g74810At2g47160At3g06450At3g62270At4g32510At5g25430双子叶植物和非禾本科单子叶植物铁吸收模式图Fe从拟南芥中分离到根三价铁还原酶基因FRO2。它负责电子跨膜转运的黄色细胞色素超家族中的一员。拟南芥中分离到铁转运蛋白IRT1。IRT1WTIRT1-WTZIP微量元素转运基因小结基因物种克隆方法定位IRT1RIT1ZIP1ZIP2ZIP3ZIP4ZNT1拟南芥豌豆拟南芥拟南芥拟南芥拟南芥天蓝菥蓂Fe2+吸收Fe2+/Zn2+/Cd2+吸收Zn2+吸收Zn2+吸收Zn2+吸收？Zn2+/Cd2+吸收根根根？根和苗根和苗根和苗抗盐性一般是多基因控制的，具有数量遗传性状的复杂性，呈“多因一效”的模式。Numberofgenesinduced(A)orrepressed(B)inlowPi.Comparisonofshort-term(diamonds，3，6，12h),medium-term(squares,1,2d),andlong-term(circles,5µM)experiments.Julieetal, PNAS,2005,102:11934-11939Invariousmetabolicpathways:iontransport,signaltransduction,transcriptionalregulation,andotherprocessesrelatedtogrowthanddevelopment.TransgenicWT导入柠檬酸合成酶提高Papaya耐铝毒能力(FuenteJMetal1997)转基因植株和对照的田间表现。A至D,盆载,E:水培，F、G和H分别为低氮低磷和正常营养条件下田间的结果A：0毫克磷每公斤土,B和D：30毫克磷每公斤土,C：200毫克磷每公斤土,(FromLian2005)UBI启动子Extensin信号肽植酸酶基因终止子植酸酶基因表达盒（FromChen2005）WTplantsinthepresenceof5mMNaCl.Transgenicplantsinthepresenceof5mMNaCl.(D)WTplantsgrowninthepresenceof200mMNaCl.(E)Transgenicplantsinthepresenceof200mMNaCl.2001,19:765-768naturebiotechnologyFocusongenesthatcontroluptakeandaccumulationofsolutes,includingCa,K,Mg,P(plantmacronutrients),Co,Cu,Fe,Li,B,Mn,Mo,Ni,Se,Zn(micronutrientsofsignificancetoplantandhumanhealthAs,Cd,NaandPb(elementscausingagriculturalorenvironmentalproblems)PlantIonomicsDavidE.Salt.PlantPhysiology,2004Thanks