2015年春季化学会考试卷及答案

2015年北京市春季普通高中会考化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H1C12N14O16Na23Al27S32Cl35.5Fe56Ba137第一部分选择 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 （共50分）在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意。（每小题2分，共50分）1．氯化镉（CdCl）是一种常用于薄膜太阳能电池上的物质，由于它有毒，科学家选用了另一种盐来替代它。这种2替代物质是A．ClB．HClC．MgClD．Mg(OH)2222．钠作为一种重要原料，可用于制造许多在国防工业上有重要用途的金属。下列关于钠的说法不．正确．．的是A．银白色固体B．密度比水的大C．能与水剧烈反应D．可保存在煤油中3．电解质是一类在水溶液里或熔融状态下能够导电的化合物。下列物质属于电解质的是A．CuB．KSOC．MgCl溶液D．NaOH溶液2424．合金在生产及科研中具有广泛的应用。下列物质属于合金的是A．水银B．石墨C．硅晶体D．不锈钢5．在周期 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 中，下列各组元素位于同一主族的是A．H、OB．Mg、AlC．Si、PD．F、Cl6．下列元素中，原子半径最小的是A．NaB．AlC．SD．Cl7．高分子化合物在自然界中大量存在。下列物质不属于．．．高分子化合物的是A．油脂B．淀粉C．纤维素D．蛋白质8．空气污染已成为人类社会面临的重大威胁。下列气体属于大气污染物的是A．NB．OC．COD．NO22229．离子化合物是离子通过离子键结合成的化合物。下列物质属于离子化合物的是A．HOB．HClC．NaClD．CO2210．运输汽油的车上，贴有的危险化学品标志是A.B.C.D.11．合成氨工业为人类解决粮食问题做出了巨大贡献。一定条件下，在密闭容器中进行合成氨反应：N(g)+3H(g)222NH(g)，当正、逆反应速率相等且不等于零时，下列说法不正确的是3．．．A．N、H完全转化为NHB．N、H、NH在容器中共存223223C．反应已达到化学平衡状态D．N、H、NH的浓度不再改变22312．原电池是将化学能转变为电能的装置。关于右图所示原电池的说法正确的是A．Cu为负极，Zn为正极B．电子由铜片通过导线流向锌片C．正极反应式为Zn－2e－Zn2+D．原电池的反应本质是氧化还原反应13．在宾馆、办公楼等公共场所，常使用一种电离式烟雾报警器，其主体是一个放有镅-241（241Am）放射源的电离室。241Am原子核内中子数与核外电子数之差是9595A．241B．146C．95D．5114．一定条件下能与苯发生化学反应的物质是A．HB．溴水C．NaOH溶液D．KMnO酸性溶液2415．某粒子的结构示意图为+16286，关于该粒子的说法不正确．．．的是A．核电荷数为16B．核外有3个电子层C．属于非金属元素原子D．在化学反应中容易失去2个电子16．甲烷和乙烯是两种重要的有机物，区分它们的正确方法是A．观察两者的颜色B．观察两者的状态C．通入氢氧化钠溶液D．通入高锰酸钾酸性溶液17．下列物质的电子式书写正确的是..........A．:N..N:B．Na:Cl:C．H+[:Cl:]－D．:O:C:O:........18．浓硫酸是实验室必备的重要试剂，下列有关它的说法不正确．．．的是A．具有强腐蚀性B．能使蔗糖变黑C．能用于干燥氨气D．加热时能与铜发生反应19．某课外小组同学通过实验发现Cl和Br的化学性质相似。下列解释最合理的是22A．都是非金属单质B．都是双原子分子C．组成元素的最高正化合价相同D．组成元素的原子最外层电子数相同20．实验室制取氧气的反应：2HO2HO+O↑。下列条件下，该反应的速率最快的是2222HO的质量分数温度催化剂22MnOA．5%5℃2MnOB．5%40℃2C．10%5℃无MnOD．10%40℃221．下列行为不符合．．．安全要求的是A．做实验剩余的金属钠直接丢弃在废液缸中B．闻气体时用手轻轻扇动，使少量气体飘进鼻孔C．配制稀硫酸时将浓硫酸慢慢倒入水中并不断搅拌D．不慎洒出的酒精在桌上着火时，立即用湿毛巾盖灭22．下列说法中，正确的是A．1molNO的质量是30gB． 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 状况下，1molHO的体积是22.4L2C．17gNH含有的氢原子总数为6.02×10233D．100mL0.1mol/LNaCO溶液中，Na+的物质的量为0.01mol2323．下列解释实验事实的离子方程式正确的是A．用氢氧化钠溶液吸收氯气：Cl＋2OH－ClO－＋Cl－＋HO22B．用大理石与稀盐酸制备二氧化碳：CO2＋2H＋CO↑＋HO322C．稀硫酸与氢氧化钡溶液混合产生沉淀：Ba2+＋SO2－BaSO↓44D．铜片放入稀硝酸中产生气体：Cu＋4H+＋2NOCu2+＋2NO↑＋2HO32224．下列有关物质用途的说法中，不．正．确．的是A．氯气可用于制漂白粉B．碱金属的化合物可用于制烟花C．二氧化硅可做半导体 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 D．二氧化硫能漂白某些有色物质25．下列实验方法能达到实验目的的是实验目的实验方法A．分离水和酒精分液B．从食盐水中获得食盐过滤C．将海水淡化为可饮用水蒸馏D．除去碳酸氢钠固体中的碳酸钠加热第二部分非选择题（共50分）一、必答题（共30分）高温1．（3分）工业上制取纯硅的主要反应：SiCl+2HSi+4HCl。该反应中，被还原的物质是（填化学42式），作为还原剂的物质是（填化学式）；若反应中生成了1molSi，则消耗Hmol。22．（3分）生活中常见的3种有机物①甲烷、②乙酸、③葡萄糖中，可用于清除水壶中水垢（主要成分CaCO）3的是（填序号，下同），可做高效清洁能源的是，可用于医疗输液补充能量的是。3．（4分）现有下列4种物质：①SO、②NO、③NaO、④AlO。其中，难溶于水的是（填序号，下222223同）；常温下为红棕色气体的是；能与水反应生成氧气的是；能使品红溶液褪色且加热时又显红色的是。4．（4分）某小组同学利用下图所示装置探究氨气的性质。氨气尾气处理浓盐酸湿润的红色石蕊试纸①②请回答：（1）实验室用氯化铵和氢氧化钙共热制取氨气，该反应的化学方程式是。（2）①中湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝，说明氨气的水溶液显（填字母）。a．碱性b．还原性（3）向②中滴入浓盐酸，现象是。（4）①、②中的现象说明氨气能与（填化学式）发生化学反应。5．（8分）实验室现有一包NaCl、FeCl、Al(SO)组成的粉末，某课外小组同学为测定其中NaCl的含量，取13.693243g样品进行如下实验（所加试剂均为过量）。加热纯净物沉淀C1.60g试剂X溶液A③溶液D样品HBaCl溶液2溶液213.69g①②沉淀B6.99g请回答：（1）①~③所涉及的实验操作方法中，用到过滤的是（填序号）。（2）生成沉淀C的离子方程式是。（3）根据上述实验，判断下列说法正确的是（填字母）。a．溶液D是无色的碱性溶液b．溶液D中至少含有5种离子c．向溶液D中加入过量稀硫酸，产生白色沉淀d．仅用硝酸银一种试剂不能检验溶液D中的氯离子（4）样品中NaCl的物质的量为。6．（8分）甲、乙、丙、丁是中学化学中的常见物质，甲、丙为单质，乙、丁为化合物。其转化关系如下：甲丙CC请回答：乙丁（1）若甲由短周期元素X组成，X的原子最外层电子数与最内层电子数之和比次外层电子数多1。丙能使淀粉溶液变蓝。①X在周期表中的位置是。②下列叙述正确的是（填字母）。a.甲的氧化性强于丙b.甲能使干燥的有色布条褪色c.可用四氯化碳将丙从其水溶液中分离出来（2）若丙在常温常压下为可燃性气体，丁是一种具有磁性的黑色晶体。①写出甲与乙发生反应的化学方程式：。②上述反应中转移1.6mol电子时，生成丙的体积为（标准状况）。二、选答题（共20分。请在以下三个模块试题中任选一个模块试题作答，若选答了多个模块的试题，以所答第一模块的试题评分）《化学与生活》模块试题1．（4分）某饭店制做的包子的部分原料如下：①面粉、②食盐、③牛肉、④花生油。请回答：（1）富含油脂的是（填序号，下同）。（2）富含淀粉的是。（3）富含蛋白质的是。（4）属于调味剂的是。2.（8分）化学与生产、生活密切相关。请判断下列说法是否正确（填“对”或“错”）。（1）酒精杀菌消毒利用的是使蛋白质盐析的原理。（2）减少汽车尾气污染是改善城市大气质量的重要环节。（3）向煤中加入适量石灰石，可大大减少燃烧产物中二氧化硫的量。（4）微量元素对于维持生命活动、促进健康生长有极其重要的作用。3．（8分）钢铁厂在冷轧过程中会产生高浓度酸性含铁废水，主要含有H+、Cl－、Fe2+、Fe3+等，其处理的主要工艺 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 如下：石灰乳过氧化氢溶液高分子絮凝剂排放废水贮水池一级中和池二级中和氧化池混凝池斜板沉淀池请回答：（1）废水未经处理直接排放的危害是（填字母）。a.腐蚀水利设施b.影响水生生物的自然生长（2）石灰乳用于中和含铁废水中的酸，写出石灰乳与盐酸反应的化学方程式：。（3）过氧化氢的主要作用是（填字母）。a.还原剂b.氧化剂（4）某研究小组对钢铁厂高浓度酸性含铁废水进行监测时，取其样本稀释，测得有关数据如下：离子H+Cl－Fe2+Fe3+浓度（mol/L）0.160.940.18稀释后的溶液中c(Fe2+)=mol/L。《有机化学基础》模块试题1.（4分）现有下列6种有机物：CHCH33①CHCHCHCH②CHCHCH③CHCHCCH32233333④CH⑤CHCH⑥CHOH3232请回答：（1）属于醇类的是（填序号）。（2）与①互为同分异构体的是（填序号）。（3）与④互为同系物的是（填序号）。（4）用系统命名法给③命名，其名称为。2.（8分）现有下列4种有机物：①乙炔、②乙醛、③苯酚、④溴乙烷。请回答：（1）能发生消去反应生成乙烯的是（填序号）。（2）能发生加成反应生成氯乙烯的是（填序号）。（3）能与饱和溴水反应产生白色沉淀的是（填序号）。（4）写出②与新制氢氧化铜反应的化学方程式：。3.（8分）咖啡酸是存在于咖啡里的一种酸，具有较广泛的抑菌作用，也是医药的重要原料和中间体。其结构简式如下：HOCHCHCOOHHO请回答：（1）咖啡酸中含氧官能团的名称是。（2）咖啡酸的分子式是。（3）咖啡酸在一定条件下发生反应可生成蜂胶的主要活性成分CPAE（），该反应的化学方程式是。（4）咖啡酸有多种同分异构体，请写出任意一种满足下列条件的同分异构体的结构简式：。①属于酯类且能发生银镜反应②1mol咖啡酸最多消耗3molNaOH③苯环上有3个取代基，苯环上一氯代物有2种《化学反应原理》模块试题1.（4分）已知：①CH(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+3H(g)∆H=＋206.4kJ/mol4221②CO(g)+HO(g)CO(g)+H(g)∆H=－41.0kJ/mol2222③CH(g)+2HO(g)CO(g)+4H(g)∆H42223请回答：（1）反应①属于（填“吸热”或“放热”）反应。（2）反应①消耗8gCH(g)时，∆H=kJ/mol。4（3）反应②生成2molH(g)时，∆H=_______kJ/mol。2（4）反应③的∆H=_______kJ/mol。32．（8分）在容积为1.00L的密闭容器中，通入一定量的NO，发生反应：24NO(g)2NO(g)。100℃时，各物质浓度随时间变化如下图所示。242请回答：（1）60s内，v(NO)=mol/(L·s)。24（2）若升高温度，混合气体的颜色变深，则正反应是（填“放热”或“吸热”）反应。（3）100℃时，该反应的化学平衡常数数值为。（4）平衡时，NO的转化率是。243．（8分）25℃时，现有浓度均为0.10mol/L的2种溶液：①醋酸、②醋酸钠。请回答：（1）两种溶液中c(H+)＜c(OH－)的是（填序号）。（2）醋酸的电离方程式是。（3）下列说法正确的是（填字母）。a．①和②中水的电离均被抑制b．①中由水电离出的c(H+)＝1.0×10-13mol/Lc．若两溶液混合后pH＜7，则溶液中离子浓度存在关系：c(CHCOO－)＞c(Na+)＞c(H+)＞c(OH－)3（4）用石墨作电极电解②时，阴极反应式是。2015年北京市春季普通高中会考化学试卷答案及评分参考说明：考生答案如与本答案不同，若答得合理，可酌情给分，但不得超过原题所规定的分数。第一部分选择题（共50分）选择题（每小题2分，共50分）题号12345678910答案CBBDDDADCB题号11121314151617181920答案ADDADDACDD题号2122232425答案AAACC第二部分非选择题（共50分）一、必答题（共30分）1．（3分）SiCl················································································1分4H··················································································1分22···················································································1分2．（3分）②····················································································1分①····················································································1分③····················································································1分3．（4分）④····················································································1分②····················································································1分③····················································································1分①····················································································1分△4．（4分）（1）2NHCl+Ca(OH)2NH↑+CaCl+2HO…………1分42322（2）a············································································1分（3）有白烟产生………………………………………………………1分（4）HO、HCl···································································1分25．（8分）（1）②③…………………………………………………………2分（2）Fe3++3OH－Fe(OH)↓…………………………………2分3（3）abcd········································································2分（4）0.12mol······································································2分6．（8分）（1）①第3周期第VIIA族…………………………………………2分②ac·········································································2分△（2）①3Fe+4HO(g)FeO+4H·································2分2342②17.92L（或1.792×104mL）…………………………2分二、选答题（共20分）说明：考生可任选其中一个模块的试题作答，若选答了多个模块的试题，以所答第一模块的试题评分。《化学与生活》模块试题1．（4分）（1）④·············································································1分（2）①············································································1分（3）③··············································································1分（4）②··············································································1分2．（8分）（1）错···············································································2分（2）对···············································································2分（3）对···············································································2分（4）对···············································································2分3．（8分）（1）ab··············································································2分（2）Ca(OH)+2HClCaCl+2HO·································2分222（3）b…………………………………………………………………2分（4）0.12·············································································2分《有机化学基础》模块试题1．（4分）（1）⑥···············································································1分（2）②··············································································1分（3）⑤··············································································1分（4）2-甲基-2-丁烯······························································1分2．（8分）（1）④···············································································2分（2）①··············································································2分（3）③··············································································2分（4）CHCHO+2Cu(OH)+NaOH△32CHCOONa+CuO↓+3HO····2分3223．（8分）（1）羟基、羧基···································································2分（2）CHO·········································································2分984（3）……2分（4）···············2分《化学反应原理》模块试题1．（4分）（1）吸热··········································································1分（2）＋103.2·······································································1分（3）－82.0·······································································1分（4）＋165.4·······································································1分2．（8分）（1）0.0010（1.0×10-3）························································2分（2）吸热············································································2分（3）0.36·············································································2分（4）60%（或0.60、或3/5）······················································2分3．（8分）（1）②·············································································2分（2）CHCOOHCHCOO－＋H+········································2分33（3）c················································································2分（4）2H+＋2e－H↑······················································2分2