高中英语 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing 新人教版选修8

SectionⅣ　Grammar&Writing探究语法精要过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示完成或被动的动作，也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词一般作前置定语，过去分词短语通常作后置定语。Hethrewawaythebrokencup，whichkepthimcompanyforthreeyears.他把陪伴了他三年时间的打碎了的杯子扔掉了。MrsWhiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmapsborrowedfromthelibrary.怀特夫人把从图书馆借来的旧地图给学生们看。Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain.逝去的时间永远也找不回来。二、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，一般位于连系动词的后面。Theshophasremainedshutforaweek.这家商店关门一周了。Iwasverydisappointedatthenewsthatourteamshadlost.听到我们队失利的消息我很失望。GonearethedayswhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.中国人受歧视的日子一去不复返了。三、过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语：(1)在感官动词(see，hear，notice，watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel，find等)后。Theboywasfoundlostandcouldn’tfindhiswayback.有人发现孩子迷路了，找不到回去的路。(2)使役动词(keep，make，help，get，have等)后。Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected，youareabovealltorespectothers.如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。Alexandertriedtogethisworkrecognizedinthemedicalcircles.Alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadrepairedwentwrongagain.布朗夫人很失望地看到她找人修理的洗衣机又坏了。(3)like，want，wish，order等表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词后。Hewantedhiseggsfried.他愿意吃煎鸡蛋。(4)with的复合结构中。Hesatthere，withhishandstiedbehind.他手被捆在后面坐在那里。课时语法专练单句语法填空1．Theproblem________(discuss)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：　discussed2．MrSmith，________(tire)ofthespeech，startedtoreadan________(interest)novel.答案：　tired；interesting3．________(pollute)airandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.答案：　Polluted4．Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________(pay)bythehour.答案：　paid5．AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot________(lose)frommyfriends.答案：　lost6．Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.答案：　seated7．Hebecame________(excite)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.答案：　excited8．The________motherlookedather________son，looking________.(worry)答案：　worried；worrying；worried9．Hefoundamagazine________(mark)withtheowner’sname________(lie)onthedeskwiththebackcover________(tear)off.答案：　marked；lying；torn10．Ongettingtothekindergarten，themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell________(look)after.答案：　looked11．Newspapers，magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastcankeepus________(inform)aboutthelatestnewsaroundtheworld.答案：　informed12．Themurdererwasbroughtin，withhishands________(tie)behindhim.答案：　tied13．Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts________(develop)aftergreateffort.答案：　developed14．________(lose)inthemountainsforaweek，thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.答案：　Lost15．Pricesofdailygoods________(buy)throughcomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.答案：　bought解码书面表达申请信本单元的写作要求是写一封申请信，即在信中申请参加某项活动、工作职位。申请信要符合书信的格式。另外，还要注意以下几点：1.说明信息的来源；2.个人情况介绍，包括学习、工作经历、个人专长及爱好等；3.表达自己对工作的期盼；4.注意语言要文明、委婉，句子要简洁明了；5.表示感谢并请求答复。◆典题示例假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信；·对此活动的认识(如对本人、学生及社会的益处等)；·个人优势(如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等)；·你的计划(如怎样进行辅导等)。注意：1.词数不少于100个；2．可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4．参考词汇：晨曦希望小学ChenxiHopeSchool。DearSirorMadam，IamLiHuafromClassOne，SeniorTwo.______________________________________________________________________________________________YoursSincerely，LiHua◆审题谋篇1．体裁：申请信。申请信的正文部分可分为四段。第一段说明申请参加此项活动的目的；第二段介绍自己的性格、特长以及所获得过的奖项；第三段介绍自己的辅导计划；第四段表示感谢。2．时态：申请信主要以介绍个人的基本情况为主，故使用一般现在时。3．人称：介绍自己，应使用第一人称。◆遣词造句1．词汇：①申请____________________②与……相处____________________③有益于____________________④与……交流____________________⑤盼望____________________答案：　①applyfor　②getalong/onwith　③benefit/bebeneficialto/dogoodto　④communicatewith　⑤lookforwardto2．句式：一句多译①我能学会和孩子们怎样相处。_______________________________________________②我胜任这个职位。_______________________________________________③我会尽力让他们对英语产生兴趣。_______________________________________________答案：　①Icanlearnhowtogetalong/onwiththechildren.IcanlearnhowIshouldgetalong/onwithchildren.②Iamfitfortheposition.Iamqualifiedfortheposition.Iamsuitablefortheposition.③I’llsparenoefforttogetthemmoreinterestedinEnglish.I’lldomybesttogetthemmoreinterestedinEnglish.I’lltrytogetthemmoreinterestedinEnglish.◆连句成篇_______________________________________________答案：　DearSirorMadam，IamLiHuafromClassOne，SeniorTwo.I’mwritingtoapplyfortheopportunitytohelpthestudentsinChenxiHopeSchoolwiththeirEnglishduringthesummervacation.ThustheycanimprovetheirEnglishduringthesummervacation.Meanwhile，Icanlearnhowtogetalongwiththestudentsandbenefitthewholeschool.I’mkind，easy­goingandalwaysreadytohelpothers.Iwashclothesandmakebedsbymyselftodevelopindependence.EnglishismyfavouritesubjectandI’vewonseveralprizesinEnglishcontests.SoIthinkthatI’mqualifiedfortheposition.Iplantocommunicatewiththestudentsfirsttoknowwhattheyneed.Besides，I’lltrytogetthemmoreinterestedinEnglishbytellingstories，singingsongs，playinggamesandsoon.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemetheopportunity.YoursSincerely，LiHua谢谢观看！