计算机系统导论课程改革探索

     计算机系统导论课程改革探索                  ZHANGYun-peng,HUANGYun-ting(CollegeofSoftwareandMicroelectronics,NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,Xi’an710072,China)Abstract:Inthepaper,weanalyzedtheteachingproblemsinthecourseof“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”,proposedguidelineswithteachingpracticeandimplementbilingualteaching.Thenweexploredthereformwaysinthecourseof“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”,toenhancestudents’self-learningabilitythroughthefulluseofnetworkedmultimediatools;andalsotheimprovementoftheteachinglevelofteachers.Keywords:curriculumreform;independentstudy;introductiontocomputersystemsToday,thecoursesrelatestothebasicknowledgeofcomputerhavebeensettothepubliccourseswithculturalqualityeducationofuniversalnatureincollegesanduniversities.Whilethe“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”asoneofthebasiccoursesincomputerscience,withcomputerscienceknowledgeinalldirectionsinvolved.Itplaysaverycrucialroleincultivatingtheinterestofcomputerscienceandfindstudents’owndirectionofstudy.Also,ifthecourseisabletoachievegoodteachingresults,itwillplaytheroleofagoodradiationtotherelevantcoursesforstudentsafterward.1GuidelinesForCurriculumReformTheultimategoalofthecourseistotrainsoftwaredevelopmentengineer.Italwaysstressestheimprovementofhands-onabilityandconcernsabouttheideasandmethodsofeducatingstudents.Thisisconsistentwiththetrendsfortheinternationalsoftwaredevelopmentengineering.Thegoalofcurriculumreformis“teachingmethods,teachingideasandteachingtechniques.”Itsadvantagescanbesummarizedas“systemic,scientific,logic,advancedandflexibility.”CurriculumshouldusebilingualteachingandteachwiththecombinationofE-learningandfacetofaceinstruction.Weabsorbedtheadvantagesofsimilarcoursesabroad,combinedwithactualconditionstosetthecontentofinstruction.2TheoreticalDiscussionsWiththegrowingpopularityandin-depthofcomputerapplications,theteachingrelatedtocomputerapplicationsandtheorieshasbecomeanimportantteachinginstitutionsincollegesanduniversities.Correspondingtothat,theMinistryofEducationintroducestheteachinginstitutionswhicharebasedonthreelevelsaboutcomputerbasicteaching,thefirstlevelisthebasisofcomputerculture,thesecondlevelisthebasisofcomputertechnology,andthethirdlevelisthebasisofcomputerapplications.“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”isacompulsorycourseforallstudentsmajoredincomputerscience,whichisfocusonthebasiccomputertechnology.ItisopenedtoachievethesecondteachingobjectivesdeterminedbytheMinistryofEducation.Therefore,theimprovementofthequalityofteachingthecourse“Introductiontocomputersystems”isessentialinpromotingandconsolidatingthelearningenthusiasmandlearninginitiativeofstudents.Thepaperisbasedontheanalysisforthecourse“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”，thenaccordingtothecharacteristicsofitsstructure,starttoexplore.3ProblemsDiscussions3.1TheContentsofTheory&PracticeUpdateSlowlyMosttextbooksarewrittenmaterials,thepreparationandpublicationofthetextbooksaredifficulttocatchupwiththedevelopmentofscienceandcausetextbooksaging.Assuchtextbook,itcanonlyteachanideaofsolvingcomputerproblemsforstudents,butnotfacethesocialneedsandapplications.Atthesametime,duetothefastpaceofthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,eventhecollegesanduniversitieswithbetterconditionsaredifficulttokeepupwith.So,theycannotadapttomorenewcontentsaboutthecomputerapplicationsbothwellandquicklyduringtheirengaginginsocialwork.Even,theycannotmeettheneedsoftherelevantbasicknowledgeoffollow-upcourses.Forsuchsubjects,openteachingshouldbeadopted,inaddition,usingthenewertextbooks,weshouldsupplementextracurricularreadings,references,periodicalsandthelatestinformationontheinternet,etc[1].3.2TheoryTeachingandExperimentAreDisjointed,theExperimentalLessonsAreLessThepracticalityandoperabilityofcomputercoursesarestrong,butbecauseofvariousreasonsinmanycollegesanduniversities,suchas:shortageoffunds,shortageofequipments,shortageofteachersandsoon,thecourse“IntroductiontoComputerSystems”isgenerallydividedintotwoparts:classroomlecturesandexperimentsinthelab.Generallyspeaking,anexperimentallessonisnotusuallygivenuntiloneortwodaysafterfinishingonelecture,evenuntiltwolecturesarefinished,theclassroomteachinghoursarerelativelymorethanexperimentalhours,theratioisunreasonable.Becausethereisnotimetomakethe“teachingandlearning,sayinganddoing”oftheteachingprocessintegratedorganically,thecontentslecturedinclassarealmostforgottenbythestudents,andtheteachingeffectivenessisnotidealnaturally.But,thecomputerisatool,apowerfultool,wearefamiliarwithusethetoolonthepremiseofcontinuoususing,asthesayinggoes,“practicemakesperfect.”[1]3.3TheQualityofQualifiedTeachersCan’tKeepupToimprovetheabilityofengineeringpracticeofstudents,higherrequirementsareputforwardtoteachers.Itrequiresteacherstochangetheirconceptofeducationandteaching,havebroaderprofessionaltechnicalknowledge,andhaveastrongersenseofresponsibilityandconfidence.Notonlyhavingahighstandardofteachingbutalsohavingstrongoperationalskillsandabundantcomprehensivepracticalexperience.Thatis,teachersarerequiredtonotonlyhavetheleveloflecturers,butalsohavetheabilitytoengineers,theso-called“doubledivision.”However,thenumberofteacherswithacademiclevelof“doubledivision”isrelativelysmallincollegesanduniversities.Mostofotherteacherslackrigorousprofessionaltraining,sothatithasgreatlyhamperedtheimprovementofthequalityofteachinginengineeringeducation[2].4ReformContents4.1UpdateTeachingResources,PracticeBilingualTeachingUnlikesimilarcoursesarelimitedtotextbooks.Allteachersandstudentscanobtainthelatest,themostabundantandcomprehensiveinformationinrelevantfieldsthroughthesystemanditslinkonthesystem,sothatteachersandstudentscanbemorein-depthlearningfortheknowledgepointswhichareinterestedforthemselves.Inthisway,studentsandteacherscanshareteachingresourceseasily.Thecourseshowsthebasicconceptsclearly,thesametimeinsistsonbilingualeducationnottoberelaxed,strivestoinnovateandmakesgreateffortstocurriculumconstruction.Notonlythewholecourseusesmultimediateachingintheprocessofteaching,butalsothecourseware,teachingmaterials,onlineresourcesarepredominantlyinEnglishinteachingusingandimplementstheideaofbilingualeducationcomprehensivelyandthoroughlysothatstudentscanbereadyfortheinternationalchallengeswhichtheywillhavetofaceinthefuturewhiletheyarestillinschool.4.2ApplyNetworkedMultimediatoEnhanceSelf-learningAbilityThetheoreticalcoursesusemultimediameansafterthereform,elaborateselectroniccoursewarewhicharesuitableforcultivatingapplication-type,high-qualitytalents.Inordertofullymobilizetheenthusiasmandinitiativeofstudents,strengthenthecaseteachingmethodandimageteachingintheoryclasses,namelyorganizeclassroomteachingwithpracticalexamples,startfromtheactualproblem,proposesolutions,carryoutpracticaloperationifnecessary,encouragestudentstoparticipateorcompleteindependently,makethetheoreticalknowledgewhichhavelearnedappliedinthecasestudyfully.Inordertoimprovestudentself-learningability,thefirstphase,collectalargenumberofrelevantinformationfromtheInternet,books,periodicalsandsoon,andaccordingtothedevelopmentofrelevanthomeworkorexercises,requirestudentstoself-learningunderthecoursesandcompletetheoperation;thesecondphase,providesomeengineeringfrequentlyaskedquestionstostudents,sothatstudentsgotofindtheanswersbythemselves;thethirdstage,arrangethemsomeengineeringtaskssothattheycandiscoverproblemandthensolveprobleminthecompleteprocess.4.3EnhancetheQualityofQualifiedTeachersAtpresent,thiscourseisconstructedbyaprofessor,twolecturersand11assistant.Inordertoimprovetheirquality,theteachersareregularlyarrangedtoattendsometeachingtrainingsandresearches.Out-goingtrainingsopportunitieswillbeprovidedtoeachteacheratleastonceayeartoencouragethemtoparticipateactivelyinresearchesandtechnicaldeveloping,updatetheirknowledgearchitecturesandimprovetheiroperationalskills.Greateffortshavebeentakentotrain“doubledivision”instructorswithbothprofessionalteachingqualitiesandengineeringskills.5TeachingEffectivenessThenumberofeducatedstudentshasreached1500throughtheimplementoftheteachingreformfrom2004topresent.Practicehasprovedthatteachingarrangementslikethishaveplayedamultipliereffect.Thestudentwhohasfinishedthecourseisabletofullygraspthebasicoperationandconceptofthecomputer,tousethecomputersoftwarewhichisincommonuse,tocompletetheonlineoperationsandtoexcludevirusesandotherfailures.Theabilityofstudentstosolveproblemsusingcomputertechnologyisenhancedstepbystep,andithaslaidagoodfoundationtofurtherstudyinthefuture.6NextContentsNeedtobeImprovedWeconsidergivingeachfreshmantheopportunityofself-studyforacertainclasswhencollegestudybegins,andthenletthestudentsparticipateinthequalifyingexamination.Iftheypassedtheexam,theycangetthecoursecredits;ifnot,theymustparticipateinthecourseofstudyandexamination,andcouldnotgetcreditsuntilpassingtheexamination.Thenaccordingtotestscores,studentsaredividedintofourcategories:(1)studentswithstronglearningautonomyandrichbasicknowledge;(2)studentswithstronglearningautonomybutweakbasicknowledge;(3)studentswithrichbasicknowledgebutweaklearningautonomy;(4)studentswithbothweaklearningautonomyandweakbasicknowledge.Accordingtothesefourcategories,todeterminethedifferentprogressandtheteachingcontentsandteachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitudesothatstudentscan“Eatsatisfied.”References:[1]XIAOQian-xian.ProblemsFacedbyTeachingofComputerScienceBasisforNon-computerMajorinCollegesandCountermeasurestobeTaken[J].SunYatsenUniversityForum,2003,23(1):175-177.[2]XIEXin-ling,ZHANGCheng-kang,YAOGui-ming,etal.TheGropeandPracticeofPerfectingtheProjectEducationSystem,CultivatingandAdvancingtheProjectPracticeAbilityofUniversityStudent[J].JournalofWesternChongqingUniversity:NatureScience,2005(2):72-75.(编辑：张玥) -全文完-