最新虚拟语气教案

最新虚拟语气 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 虚拟语气Ⅱ教学案于亚东虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用“常用在Itis(was)形容词/过去分词that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should动词原形(或shouldhave过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。It'simportantthatwe（should）workoutaplan.（带有“要求”的含义）It'sbetterthathegoatonce.（带有“建议”的意思）☆用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best,right,impossible，preferable，desirable,imperative,advisable，essential，reserved，urgent，等。Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce． It'sstrangethatheshouldsayso.　Iwasgladthatheshouldgo.Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.Itisapitythatsheshouldfaresobadly.It'srightthatyoushouldthinkthatway. ☆用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled,required，requested，demanded，urged，decided,proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。ItisrequestedthatProfessorLiu（should）giveusalecture． Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadybytonight．I’mashamedyoushouldhavedonesuchathing. Ithasbeensuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff．有人建议推迟会议。Itissettledthatyouleaveus,then?注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：Itwasimportantthathemadeanexplicitstatementonthisscorelastweek.他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1).宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object,arrange,desire等动词的宾语。如：Thedoctorsuggestedthathenotgothere．医生建议他不要去那里。Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.他建议我们早点动身。Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.法官命令被告还押。2).wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。Iwishitweretrue．我但愿这是真的。☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.我希望你再待一会儿。☆表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had过去分词”或“could（would，might）have过去分词”Iwishyouhadcalledyesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。WewishyouhadcometoourNewYear’sparty.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。3).wouldrather,wouldsooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式☆用过去完成式(had过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I’dsoonershelefttheheavyendoftheworktosomeoneelse.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。4).有些动词，如think,expect,believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should动词原形。如：Ineverthoughtheshouldrefuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。Shedidnotexpectthatyoushouldcome.她没有预料你会来。3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should动词原形或省略should。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。Myadviceisthatyou(should)treatherwell.我的忠告是你应该善待她。Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。Ouronlyrequestisthatthisshouldbesettledassoonaspossible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。如：TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在Itistime(that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式Itistimethechildrenwenttobed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）It'shightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。Itistimeweleft.我们该走了。Itistimewewenttobed.我们该去睡觉了。5.虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina！中国共产党万岁！Godblessyou!上帝保佑你。Goddamnit!该死的！Thedeviltakeyou!见鬼去吧！Sobeitthen.就那样吧。6.虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。1)用于主语从句。试比较：Itisimportantthatheshouldknowaboutthis.他必须知道此事。Itwasimportantthatheshouldknowaboutthis.他必须知道此事。2)用于宾语从句。试比较：Isuggestthatweshouldgotomorrow.我建议我们明天走。Isuggestedthatweshouldgothenextday.我建议我们第二天走。Shesaid,“IfIwereaboyIwouldjointhearmy.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”Shesaidthatifshewereaboy,shewouldjointhearmy.她说她如是男孩就参军。但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：“IfIknewhowitworked,Icouldtellyouwhattodo,”hesaid.“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。Hesaidthatifhehadknownhowitworkedhecouldhavetoldmewhattodo.他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。“IfIknewtheanswertoallyourquestionsI'dbeagenius,”hesaid.“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。Hesaidthatifheknewtheanswertoallmyquestions,he’dbeagenius.他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。如：Iwouldthinkhewaswrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：Ithinkheiswrong)Itwouldseemthatshewasright.她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：Itseemsthatsheisright)专项练习：1．Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe______ashortleaveofabsence．A．willtakeB．wouldtakeC．takeD．took2．Thejobwouldrequirethat______at7o'clockeverymorning．A．hewillbeatthefactoryB．hebeatthefactoryC．hewasatthefactoryD．hehasbeenatthefactory3．Youradvicethatshe______tillnextweekisreasonable．A．willwaitB．isgoingtowaitC．waits　D．wait4．Thehousemasterwasstrict．Herequestedthatwe______televisiononweeknights．A．notwatchB．mustnottowatchC．notbewatching 　D．havenotwatched5．Itisnecessarythataworker______hisworkontime．A．accomplishesB．canaccomplishC．accomplish     　D．hasaccomplished6．Itisimportantthathe______hisdecisionbeforeFriday．A．willmakeB．makesC．makeD．mustmake7．Youlooksotired.It'stimeyou______．A．gotosleepB．wenttosleepC．gotobed  　D．wenttobed8．I'dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing．A．doB．didn'tdoC．don'tD．didn't9．Butforwater，it______impossibletoliveinthedesert．A．isB．wasC．wereD．wouldn'tbe10．______it______foryourhelp，Icouldn'thavemadeanyprogress．A．Had；notbeenB．Should；notbeenC．Did；notbeenD．Not；be11．Long______theParty！A．livesB．live 　C．willliveD．shouldlive12．MaryinsistedthatTom______hertheringback．A．givesB．giveC．givenD．havegiven13．Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting______offtillnextweek．A．toputB．beputC．shouldputD．beputting14．MothersuggestedthatI______myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV．A．didB．do 　C．shalldoD．havedone15．Heinsistedthatnothing______tillhearrived.A．mustbestartedB．oughttobestartedC．couldbestartedD．shouldbestarted16．TomsuggeststhatAnn______thehouse.A．cansellB．sells 　C．sellD．sold17．It'sbetterthathe______itfromyou.A．'llhearB．hearsC．shouldhearD．heard18．Itwasnecessarythathe______aboutwhathadhappened.A．betoldB．wastoldC．shouldtellD．tell19．It'sastonishingthatshe______sadatnewsthatithasnothingtodowithher.A．feltB．shouldfeelC．'llfeelD．wouldfeel20．Itwasstrangethatwe______shortofwaterinthecountrywhereitwasalwaysraining.A．areB．be 　C．shouldbeD．bothBandC21．Itisstrangethatshe______marrysuchanuglyman.A．wouldB．should 　C．shallD．must22．It'snotrightthatthemeeting______offtilltomorrow.A．mustbeputB．mustputC．willbeputD．beput23．Itwasimpossiblethathe______thetrain,forhehadstartedoutveryearly.A．couldhavemissed      　B．musthavemissedC．shouldhavemissedD．shouldmiss24．It'sapitythathe______suchagoodchance.A．shouldmissB．shouldhavemissedC．hasmissedD．alltheabove25．Hetriedtofindsomeexcuseforthedebt,butIinsistedthathe______itoffatonce.A．mustpayB．oughttopayC．paidD．pay26．Mr.Fordinsistedthathe______right,thoughtheothersdidn'tthinkso.A．shoulddoB．shouldhavedoneC．haddoneD．did27．Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______thesadnews.A．shouldbetoldB．shouldhavebeentoldC．wastold   　D．hadbeentold28．Hesuggestedthatwe______hereatonce.A．shouldleaveB．mustleave 　C．leftD．oughttoleave29．Myorderisthateveryone______theirownworkintime.A．mustcompleteB．completedC．completesD．complete30．We'vemadethedecisionthatwe______attheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A．willgatherB．areabouttogatherC．wouldgather  　D．shouldgather31．----I'llbewaitingforyouathome.----______Iwerebusyandcouldn'tcome?A．WhatifB．WhatwhenC．HowifD．Howwhen32．Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid，“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”A．woulddoB．wouldhavedoneC．didD．haddone33．Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughit______,we______therebytomorrow.A．hadn'trained,couldn'tgetB．hadn'trained,can'tgetC．didn'train,couldn'tget  　D．didn'train,can'tget34．Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.A．butforB．withoutC．ifithadnotbeenforD．alltheabove35．Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.A．actedB．hadactedC．wouldactD．wouldhaveacted参考答案：1．C　2．B　3．D4．A　5．C6．C　7．D　8．B9．D　10．A11．B12．B　13．B　14．B15．D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。16．C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。17．C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。18．A C、D为主动，在此不妥。19．B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。20．D  21．B should带有感情色彩。22．D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。23．C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should不定式完成式。24．D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。25．D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。26．C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。27．D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。28．A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。29．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。30．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。31．A Whatif…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为Whatwouldyoudoif。32．B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用wouldhavedone。33．B eventhough=evenif意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，eventhough是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句wecan'tgetthere却是一个真实的情况。34．D  35．D 从全句的意思分析，atruefriend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用wouldhaveacted。