chapter8商贸英语王玉环赖艳主编课件习题答案

ChapterEight新编外贸英语教程LetterofCreditContentsTeachingObjectivesTextAnalysisSpecimenLettersChapterEightSkillTrainingExercises新编外贸英语教程TeachingObjectivesUponcompletionofthischapter,youwillHaveageneralideaofissuanceandamendmentofL/CRecognizehowtocheckL/CUnderstandthemajoritemsandtypesofL/CGraspthebasicwritingtechniquestoadvise,extend,amendandurgeL/CTextAnalysisIntroductiontotheChapter8.1NatureofLetterofCredit8.2ProceduresofLetterofCreditOperation8.2.1IssuanceofLetterofCredit8.2.1.1BasicItemsofLetterofCredit8.2.1.2MajorTypesofLetterofCredit8.2.2AmendmentofLetterofCredit8.2.3UtilizationofLetterofCredit8.3ConsiderationinusingL/C8.3.1PointsforAttentioninUsingL/C8.3.2L/CRisksandL/CRiskPreventionInchapter8,thedetailsrelatedtoL/Coperationswillbefullydiscussed.Thischapterconsistsofthreeparts.ThefirstpartisabriefoverviewofL/C.ThesecondpartfocusesontheproceduresofL/Coperations,inwhichthebasicitemsandtypesofL/C,theprocessofissuanceandamendmentofL/CandtheinspectionofL/Cwillbediscussedindetail.ThethirdpartdemonstratestheprimeconsiderationsofusingL/C.IntroductiontotheChapter8.1NatureofLettersofCreditInsimplewords,asalegalfinancialinstrument,adocumentaryletterofcreditisaconditionalbankundertakingorguaranteeofpaymentwhichisusedtosecurepaymentforgoodsandservicesandmitigatetherisksofdoingbusiness.8.1NatureofLettersofCreditCharacteristicsofusinganL/C●Letterofcreditisaconditionalundertakingissuedbyabankattherequestofthebuyer,bywhichthesellerobtainshighersecurityinpayment.●Paymentisagainstthepresentationofthestipulateddocumentsincompliancewiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.●Aletterofcreditisaself-sufficientinstrument.AlthoughthecreditisissuedonthebasisoftheSalesContract,banksareinnowayconcernedwithorboundbysuchcontract.ProceduresofLetterofCreditOperationsThedocumentarycreditprocedureinvolvesthreebasicgroupingsofsteps:Issuance—Amendment—Utilization8.2.1IssuanceofLetterofCredit1)thebuyer’sapplicationforopeningadocumentarycreditattheissuingbank2)theissuingbank’sformalnotificationtothesellerthroughtheadvisingbank..8.2.1.1Basicitemsoflettersofcredit◆nameandaddressofissuingbankandbranch◆placeanddateofissuance◆applicant’snameandaddress◆beneficiary’snameandaddress◆typeofL/C◆advisingbank通知行◆negotiatingbank议付行◆dateandplaceofexpiryofthecredit[iks‘paiəri]期满，终止，失效◆currencyandamountofthecredit◆terms(thesameascontractterms)anddocumentsrequired◆engagementorundertakingclauseoftheissuingbank保证条款◆conditionsandinstructionstoadvising/negotiatingbank◆otherspecialtermsandconditions◆authorizedsignatures授权签名◆examinationrequest◆indicationremarks8.2.1.2Majortypesoflettersofcreditaccordingtowhetherhavingattacheddocuments:Acleancreditisacreditagainstwhichthebeneficiaryofthecreditmaydrawadraftwithoutpresentationofdocuments,whichisalwaysusedbetweenbranchesandassociatecompanies.Adocumentarycreditisuniversallyusedasamethodofpaymentininternationaltrade.Itisacreditunderwhichpaymentwillbemadeagainstdocumentsrepresentingtitletothegoodsandthusmakingthetransferoftitlepossible.CleanL/CandDocumentaryL/C跟单信用证光票信用证8.2.1.2Majortypesoflettersofcreditaccordingtorevocability:RevocableL/Cmeansthatitcanbecanceledormodifiedbytheissuingbankusuallyatthewillofthebuyerwithoutpriornoticetoorapprovaloftheselleratanytimebeforethedocumentshavebeenpaidoraccepted.IrrevocableL/Cistheonethatcannotbemodifiedorrescindedbytheopeningbankwithoutexpresspermissionofallparties,includingtheexporter,theimporterandintermediarybanks.Mostcreditsareoftheirrevocabletype.RevocableL/CandIrrevocableL/C可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditaccordingtotheaddingofconfirmationConfirmedL/Crepresentstheobligationoftheconfirmingbankintheexporterlocality,usuallytheadvisingbank.Itmeanstheconfirmingbankguaranteespaymentiftheissuingbankcannotpay.UnconfirmedL/CmeansthattheL/Cdoesn’thaveanypaymentguaranteebyabankintheexporter’scountry.Itcontainstheobligationoftheissuingbankonly.ConfirmedL/CandUnconfirmedL/C保兑信用证不保兑信用证8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditaccordingtothetimeofpaymentSightL/Cmeanspaymentisimmediatelymadetothebeneficiaryuponpresentationofthestipulateddocumentsandonconditionthatalltermsofthecredithavebeencompliedwith.UsanceL/CortimeL/Cimpliesthatthesellerispaidinaspecifiednumberofdays,suchas30days,60daysor90days,afterthesightorpresentationofthestipulateddocuments.SightL/CandUsanceorTimeL/C即期信用证远期信用证8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditSubjecttothemethodofpayment:SightPaymentL/C,DeferredPaymentL/C,AcceptanceL/CandNegotiationL/C即期付款L/C;迟付即期L/C;承兑远期L/C;议付L/CAsightpaymentcreditisacreditavailablebypayment,underwhichabankspecificallynominatedthereinisauthorizedtopayagainsttheshippingdocumentswithorwithoutadraftpresentedinconformitywiththetermsofcredit.“Availablebypaymentatsight”isstipulatedinsightpaymentcredit.即期付款兑现Provisionslike“availablebydeferredpayment”indicateadeferredpaymentcreditisacreditavailablebydeferredpaymentunderwhichpaymentmustbeeffectedonaspecifiedfuturedate.8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditAnacceptancecreditisacreditavailablebyacceptance,underwhichabankspecificallynominatedthereinisauthorizedtoaccept.Anegotiationcreditisacreditunderwhichabankspecificallynominatedthereinisauthorizedtonegotiateoracreditwhichisfreelynegotiablebyanybank.8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditaccordingtothetransferofcreditTransferrablecreditsarisewheretheexporterobtainsthegoodsfromathirdparty,saytheactualmanufacturer.Usually,thecreditisestablishedinfavorofthemiddlemanandauthorizestheadvisingbanktomakethecreditavailabletothethirdpartyaspertheprimarybeneficiary’sinstructions.Non-transferrablecreditisonethatcannotbetransferred.Aletterofcreditisanon-transferrableifitisnotindicated“Transferrable”subjecttothearticlesofUCP600.TransferrableL/CandNon-transferrableL/C可转让信用证不可转让信用证8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditspecialL/CTofacilitatecontinuousrepeatedpurchasesfromthesamesupplierarevolvingcreditisoftenused.Thisisatypeofcreditthatrenewsitselfafteritsamountisdrawnwithoutanyspecificamendmentmadethereto.Thisisanewcreditissuedonthebasisoftheexistednon-transferrableL/C,whichisusuallyusedbytraderstomakepaymenttotheultimatesupplier.revolvingL/C循环信用证back-tobackL/C背对背信用证8.2.1.2MajortypesoflettersofcreditThisinstrumentissimilartoanormalletterofcreditexceptthatitcontainsaclause(originallytypedorprintedinred)authorizingthenegotiatingbanktomakecleanadvancesofacertainpercentageorthetotalamountoftheL/Ctotheexporter.Thistypeofcreditisdifferentfromothertypes,inwhichthebuyerandthesellerhopeitwillbeneverdrawnupon.redclauseL/C红条信用证standbyL/C备用信用证8.2.2AmendmentofLettersofCreditAmendmentdescribestheprocesswherebythetermsandconditionsofadocumentarycreditmaybemodifiedafterthecredithasbeenissued.Amendmentsmustbeauthorizedbythebuyerandissuedbytheissuingbanktothesellerthroughthesamechannelastheoriginaldocumentarycredit.8.2.2.1Checklistforlettersofcredit●Whichbankhascommittedtopay?Asthebeneficiary,whetherthesellerfeelssatisfiedwiththebank’screditworthiness?●IsthetypeofL/Ctheoneasrequiredorstipulated?●DoestheL/Cgivecorrectandfulldescriptionofthemerchandise?●DoestheL/Cgivecorrectanddetaileddescriptionoftheinformationofboththesellerandthebuyer?●Arethetermsinthecreditcorrectandinstrictaccordancewiththoseagreeduponbythesellerandthebuyer?●CantheexporterobtainproperlyexecuteddocumentstoconformtotheL/Cterms,e.g.,shippingdocuments,consularinvoice,exportlicenseandotherdocuments?●CantheexportercomplywithinsuranceconditionsrequiredintheL/C,anddoesthecreditrequestaninsurancepolicyorcertificate?8.2.2.2ProcessofAmendmentIncaseofdiscrepancies,toamendtheletterofcredit,theexportershouldresubmitthedocumentsanddraftwithinthevalidityofit;otherwise,theymaynothaveenoughtimetomaketheamendment.Aswehavediscussedbefore,amendmentsmustbeauthorizedbythebuyerandissuedbytheissuingbanktothesellerthroughthesamechannelastheoriginaldocumentarycredit.Thefollowingtwographsclearlydemonstratetheprocessesofissuanceandamendmentofletterofcreditrespectively.Table8-1ComparisonofProcessesofIssuanceandAmendment8.2.3UtilizationofLettersofCreditUtilizationdescribestheprocedurefortheseller’sshippingofthegoods,thetransferofdocumentsfromthesellertothebuyerandthetransferofpaymentfromthebuyertothesellerthroughthebanks.8.2.3UtilizationofLettersofCreditTheseller(beneficiary)shipsthegoodstothebuyerandobtainsanegotiabletransportdocumentfromtheshippingagent,andthenthesellerpreparesandpresentsafullsetofdocumentstotheadvisingbankconsistingofdocumentsstipulatedinthecredit.Theadvisingbankexaminesthedocumentpackage,ascertainingthedocumentsareinstrictconformitywiththetermsofthecreditandpaystheseller.8.2.3UtilizationofLettersofCreditAfternegotiation,thenegotiatingbankwillclaimreimbursementfromtheissuingbankorthereimbursingbankinaccordancewiththereimbursementtermsindicatedinthecreditandthedocumentswillbesenttotheissuingbank.Theadvisingbanksendsthedocumentstotheissuingbank,andtheissuingbankreviewsthedocumentpackage,makingcertainthedocumentsareinconformitywiththetermsofthecredit.8.2.3UtilizationofLettersofCreditAndthentheissuingbankpaystheadvisingbankandnotifiesthatthedocumentshavearrived.AgainstexaminationoftheL/C,thebuyereffectspaymenttotheissuingbankforthereleaseofdocumentspackageandtakespossessionoftheshipment.8.3ConsiderationsinUsingL/CTherearemanyfactorsthatshouldbetakenintoaccountinusingL/C8.3.1PointsforAttentioninUsingL/CTheadvantagesofusingL/Cstosellersarereasonableassuranceofpayment,promptpaymentandpossiblefinancingavailability.ThedisadvantagesareverystrictcomplianceofL/Cterms,morecumbersomeproceduresandhigherexpensesthanothermethodsofpayment,thatis,usingL/Cisexpensiveandtime-consuming.8.3.1PointsforAttentioninUsingL/CExportersshouldconsiderthefollowingpointstodecideiftheL/Cshouldbeused.●corporatecreditpolicyandthecompany’sabilitytoabsorbrisks●creditstandingoftheimporter●politicalenvironmentintheimportingcountry●currentmarketconditionsandpaymenttermsofferedbycompetition●typeofmerchandisetobeshippedandthevalueoftheshipment●typeofexchangecontrolsintheimportingcountryandthebuyer’sabilitytogetforeignexchange8.3.2L/CRisksandL/CRiskPreventionJudgingfromtheauthoritativedata,68.6%settlementforthetradearepaidthroughL/C.YetsomerisksalsoexistintheL/C,whichmainlyreflectonthefollowingsides:●EmploymentofforgeddocumentsorfakeL/C●Failuretocomplywithcreditconditions●TheapplicantmaynotordelaytoopenanL/Cinordertoavoidthemarketriskscausedbythechangesofmarketprices.●TheimportermayopenanillegalL/Ctodeceivetheexporterinordertogetthegoods.●Theapplicantmayaddavarietyofrestrictiveclauseswhichwecalled“softterms”whenissuinganL/Ctolimittheeffectivenessofthedocuments8.3.2L/CRisksandL/CRiskPreventionSomeriskpreventionmeasuresbeforemakingthedecisionofusingL/C:TheapplicantshouldpreviewtheL/Capplicationbeforeitsisofficiallyestablishedsoastoavoidthetroubleofsubsequentamendmentandthepotentialrisks.CheckthetermsofL/Cstrictlytoavoidthe“softterms”onreceivingtheL/CandverifytheL/Cisrealorfake,legalorillegal.Third,preparethewholesetofdocumentstostrictlycomplywiththestipulationsoftheL/Cincludingcommercialinvoice,billoflading,insurancepolicy,Customsinvoice,etc.Finally,preparethegoodsandinsuretheshipmentintime.SpecimenLettersLetter1ExtendingL/CDearSirs,WethankyouforyourL/Cforthecaptionedgoods.Wearesorrythatsomedelayoursuppliersatthepointoforigin,wearenotabletogetthegoodsreadybeforetheendofthismonth.Asaresult,wesentyouanemailyesterdayreading:LC1417PLSCABLEEXTENSIONSHIPMENTVALIDITY15/31MAYRESPECTIVELYLETFOLLOWS.ItisexpectedthattheconsignmentwillbereadyforshipmentintheearlypartofMayandwearearrangingtoshipitons/s“Dongfeng”sailingfromDalianonorabout10thMay.WearelookingforwardtoreceivingyourrevisedoftheaboveL/Cthusenablingustoeffectshipmentofthegoodsinquestion.Wethankyouforyoucooperation.Yoursfaithfully,owingto由于onthepartof就……而言，在……方面extensionn.延长，展证，展期Letter2AmendingL/CSpecimenLettersLetter2AmendingL/CDearSirs,WehavereceivedyourL/CNo.145/88issuedbytheYemenBankforReconstruction&Developmentfortheamountof$12000covering15000dozensofStretchNylonSocks.Onperusal,wefindthattransshipmentandpartialshipmentarenotallowed.Asdirectsteamerstoyourportare,wehavetoshipHongkong.Astopartialshipment,itwouldbeourmutualbenefitbecausewecouldshipimmediatelywhateverwehaveonhandinsteadofwaitingforthewholelottobecompleted.We,therefore,arefaxingthisafternoon,askingyoutotheL/Ctoread:“TRANSHIPMENTANDPARTIALSHIPMENTALLOWED”Weshallbegladifyouseetoitthatamendmentismadewithoutanydelay,asourgoodshavebeenpackedreadyforshipmentforquitesometime.Yoursfaithfully,fewandfarbetweenmoreoftenthannotvia稀少的（轮船航次），间隔很远的多半，时常prep.（拉丁语）由，取道，通过amendv.修改Letter3AdvisingtheEstablishmentofL/CSpecimenLettersLetter3AdvisingtheEstablishmentofL/CDearSirs,AspertheinstructionsformBrowning&Sons,receivedthroughourHongKongoffice,wehaveopenedanirrevocableletterofcreditinyourfavor,validuntil30November.Youhaveauthoritytodrawonusat60daysagainstthiscreditfortheamountofyourinvoiceuponshipmentof2000tonsofsteelstoBrowning&Sons.Yourdraftsmustbeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocuments,whicharetobedeliveredtousagainstourofthedraft.billofladingintriplicate,commercialinvoice,insurancecertificateandcertificateoforigin.Providedyoufulfillthetermsofthecreditwewillacceptandpayatthedraftpresentedtousunderthiscreditandifrequired,providediscountingfacilitiesatcurrentrates.Yoursfaithfully,acceptancen.1)接受，接收2)承兑，认付，承兑汇票maturityn.1)成熟，完备2)(票据)到期，到期日，偿还日Letter4UrgingL/C(forthefirsttime)SpecimenLettersLetter4UrgingL/C(forthefirsttime)DearSirs,Withreferencetothe4000dozensofShirtsunderourSalesConfirmationNo.Te151,wewishtodrawyourattentiontothefactthatthedateofdeliveryisapproachingbutuptothepresentwehavenotreceivedthecoveringL/C.Pleasedoyourutmosttoitssothatwemayexecutetheorderwithinthetime.Inordertoavoidsubsequentamendments,pleaseseetoitthattheL/Cstipulationsareinexactaccordancewiththetermsofthecontract.Yoursfaithfully,establishmentn.开立，建立prescribedprescribev.规定expeditev.加速发送，加速派出I.UsefulsentencepatternsSkillTraining1.UsefulSentencePatterns1)WealwaysrequireL/Cforourexports.我们出口一向 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 以信用证付款。2)L/CatsightisnormalforourexportstoFrance.我们向法国出口一般使用即期信用证付款。3)Ourtermsofpaymentisconfirmedandirrevocableletterofcredit.我们的付款条件是保兑的、不可撤销的信用证。4)Forpaymentwerequire100%value,irrevocableL/Cinourfavourwithpartialshipmentallowedclauseavailablebydraftatsight.我们要求用不可撤销的、允许分批装运、金额为全部货款、并以我方为抬头的信用证，凭即期汇票支付。5)Whatdoyousayto50%byL/CandthebalancebyD/P?百分之五十用信用证，其余的用付款交单，你方看怎么样？I.UsefulsentencepatternsSkillTraining6)ThecreditisshortopenedtotheamountofRMB100.信用证的金额少开了人民币100元。7)YourL/CNo.48isshortof$29.你方第48号信用证少开了29美元。8）Pleaseopen/issue/establishthecoveringletterofcreditingoodtime/induecourse.请及时开立相关信用证。9)Thisletterofcreditexpireson15thJuly.这张信用证7月15日到期。10)ThevalidityoftheL/Cwillbeextendedto30thAugust.信用证的有效期将延至8月30日。11)Willyoupersuadeyourcustomertoarrangeforaone-monthextensionofL/CNo.TD204?你们能不能劝说客户将TD204号信用证延期一个月？I.UsefulsentencepatternsSkillTraining12)ThegoodsunderS/CNo.3697hasbeenreadyforquitesometime.PleasehavetheLetterofCreditopenedwiththeleastpossibledelay.第3697号 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 项下货物早已备妥，请赶快开立信用证。13)Inspiteofourrepeatedrequests,stillwehavenotreceivedyourletterofcredituptonow.Pleaseopenthecreditimmediately,otherwise,wecannoteffectshipmentinJanuary.尽管再三催请开证，信用证仍未收到，请立即开证，否则不能1月份交货。14)IfyourL/CfailstoreachusbytheendofJuly,wewillbeforcedtocancelyourorder.如果信用证不能在7月底前开到我处，将被迫取消订货。15）TodaywehaveopenedanirrevocableletterofcreditintheamountofUS$35,000coveringourOrderNo.9876withtheBankofChina,Changchun.9876号订单项下货物，今天已通过长春的中国银行开立了不可撤销的信用证，金额为35000美元。I.UsefulsentencepatternsSkillTraining16)WerequestyoutohaveL/CNo.H2284amendedasfollows:(1)Extendthetimeofshipmenttill31May.(2)ExtendthevalidityoftheL/Ctill15June.Awaityouramendmentadvice.请对H2284号信用证做下列修改：（1）将交货期展至5月31日。（2）将有效期展至6月15日。等候修改通知书。17)PleaseamendL/CNo.137/24/85asallowingtransshipmentandpartialshipments.请修改137/24/85号信用证，允许转船和分批装运。18)PleasedeletefromtheL/Ctheclause,“Allbankcommissionsandchargesareforbeneficiary’saccount”,.whichshouldbepaidbytheimportingpartyonly.请从信用证中删去此条款：“所有银行佣金和费用由受益人支付”，因为这些费用理应由进口方承担。SkillTraining2.SupplementaryreadingUCP600LettersofCreditbecamenecessarywhentradebetweencountriesmadeitimpossibletosimplydobusinessbyhandshake.TheywereinitiallyintroducedbythemerchantbankingsysteminEurope,andgrewoutofearliercontractssuchasthe“chop”inAsiaandthepersonal“house”emblemembossedinhotwaxusedthroughEuropeandArabia.Originally,aletterofcreditwasquiteliterallythat--aletteraddressedbythebuyer’sbanktotheseller’sbankstatingthattheycouldvouchfortheirgoodcustomer,thebuyer,andthattheywouldpaythesellerincaseofthebuyer’sdefault.Theywereusedthen,astheyarenow,foranytransactionwhereinpartiestothetransactionrequirethecomfortzoneofguaranteeofpaymentbyareputablebank.Onemayrequestaletterofcreditforatransactioninvolvinggoodsorserviceswherethepartiesareontheothersideoftheworld,orjustacrossthestreet.Nowadays,lettersofcreditareformattedtoprovidefill-inspacesforthevariousdocumentaryrequirementsofinternationalordomesticbusiness.AnL/Cisissuedbyabankonbehalfooneofitscreditworthycustomers,whoseapplicationforthecredithasbeenapprovedbythatbank.SkillTraining2.SupplementaryreadingThesequenceofinformationonanL/CandthetradetermsusedaresetforthinthestandardsestablishedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC).Therulesandlanguageareveryspecificandcannotbechanged,andarespelledoutintheICC’sUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits—ICCPublicationNo.600,orUCP600.UCP600isthefullyrevisedrulescoveringtheuseofdocumentarylettersofcreditproducedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce.TheseruleswillbeimplementedworldwidewhentheycomeintoforceonJuly1,2007.TheUCPisutilizedbybankersandcommercialpartiesinmorethan175countries.Some11%～15%ofinternationaltradeutilizeslettersofcredit,totalingmorethanatrillionUSdollarsperannum.Historically,thecommercialparties,particularlybanks,havedevelopedthetechniquesandmethodsforhandlinglettersofcreditininternationaltradefinance.ThispracticehasbeenstandardizedbytheICCbypublishingtheUCPin1933andsubsequentlyupdatingitthroughouttheyears.TheICChasdevelopedandmoldedtheUCPbyregularrevisions.Theresultisthemostsuccessfulinternationalattemptatunifyingrulesever,astheUCPhassubstantiallyuniversaleffect.ThelatestrevisionwasapprovedbytheBankingCommissionoftheICCatitsmeetinginParison25October,2006.Thislatestversion,calledtheUCP600,willhaveacommencementdateof1July,2007.SkillTraining2.SupplementaryreadingQuestionsfordiscussionI.Whyisletterofcreditnecessaryininternationaltrade?II.Whatdoyouthinkafixedformatofletterofcreditcanoffer?III.Whydoyouthinkdocumentarycreditisutilizedbyonly11%～15%oftheinternationaltrade?Referenceforinformation1.http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-847257-1-1.html提供多国信用证中英文对照参考样本2.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/ec37c6bbfd0a79563c1e72f1.html提供UCP600中英文对照版本SkillTraining3.Technicalterms1．letterofcredit,L/C信用证2．applicant开证申请人;opener开证人3．issuingbank开证行4．advisingbank通知行5．beneficiary受益人6．negotiatingbank议付行7．payingbank付款行8．letterofguarantee,L/G银行保证书，保函9．documentarycredit跟单信用证10．cleancredit光票信用证SkillTraining3.Technicalterms11．revocableletterofcredit可撤销信用证12．irrevocableletterofcredit不可撤销信用证13．confirmedL/C保兑信用证14．unconfirmedL/C不保兑信用证15．sightL/C即期信用证16．usanceL/C远期信用证17．transferableL/C可转让信用证18．non-transferableL/C不可转让信用证19．revolvingL/C循环信用证20.reciprocalL/C对开信用证I.1.Whatisyourmostpreferablemethodofpaymentifyoucanmakethedecisionandwhy?2.Whydoesaletterofcreditoffersomepaymentsecurity?3.Whenyoureceivealetterofcredit,doesthatmeanyouwillfacenoriskinpayment?4.Howtohandlethediscrepanciesofletterofcreditonexamination,ifany?Exercises1.QuestionsfordiscussionExercises2.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.1)信用证必须由我方公司可以接受的银行加以保兑。2)为了避免随后修改信用证，务请注意下列事项。3)兹通知你方，以你方为受益人的信用证已由伦敦巴克莱银行开出TheL/Cmustbeconfirmedbythebankwhichmaybeacceptabletous.PleasebesuretopayattentiontothefollowinginordertoavoidsubsequentamendmenttoL/CPleasebeinformedthattheL/CinyourfavorhasbeenopenedwithBarclayBank,London.Exercises2.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese4)在收到信用证后的一个月内，你们至少应装运这笔订货的一半。5)请修改2356号信用证：（一）按合同，长吨改为公吨；（二）展装运期到九月底并准许分运和转船。YoushouldatleastshiphalfofthisorderwithinonemonthuponreceiptoftheL/CPleaseamendL/CNo.2356read:1.Thewords“longton”aretobereplacedby“metricton”accordingtothecontract;2.ExtendthetimeofshipmenttotheendofSeptemberandallowingpartialshipmentandtransshipmentExercises2.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoEng